West Indies - CIFAS
Transcript of West Indies - CIFAS
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forest resources and derivative economic activities.745 Vila-Vilar, Enriqueta. Cimarronaje en
Panamá y Cartagena: el costo de unaguerrilla en el siglo XVII. jin International Congress of Americanists, 4Sth, Bogotá,198$. Identidad y transformación de las Américas: memorias. Edición de Manuel Rodríguez Becerra. Bogotá: Ediciones Unian- des, 1988, p. It8-i25)
Interesting sketch of early ryth- century expeditions against Maroons financed by Spanish Crown and local colonial elites.746 Villa Rojas, Alfonso. Estudios et
nológicos: los mayas. México: Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas,Univ. Nacional Autónoma de México, 1985. 636 p., 104 p. of plates: bibl., ill. (Serie antropológica; 38: Etnología)
From one of Mexico's premier ethnologists, 21 republished essays dating from between the 1930S-80S and dealing with Yucatec Mayas, Lacandones, Chontals,Chois, Kekchis, Tzeltals, and Zoques.747 Von Chong S., Nilka and Myma Ortiz.
Estudio etnográfico sobre el grupoteribe. Panamá: s.n., 198a. 268 p.: bibl., ill., maps.
Naive, old-fashioned study of indigenous group numbering about 1,000 in Western Panama, based on questioimaire administered during brief fieldwork in 1981. Quantitative data on many topics useful for local specialists. Publication date given is dubious.
748 Wall, Alaka. Kilowatts and crisis: hydroelectric power and social disloca
tion in eastern Panama. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1989. 205 p.: bibl., ill., index. (Development, conflict, and social change series)
Important case study detailing the devastating effects of project damming the Bayano River on local populations (e.g..Cuna, Embera, Choco, mestizo colonists) despite resettlement and social welfare programs.749 Wasserstrom, Robert. Rural labor and
income distribution in central Chiapas.{in State, capital, and rural society: anthropological perspectives on political economy in Mexico and the Andes. Edited by Benjamin S. Orlove, Michael W. Foley, and Thomas F. Love. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1989, p. 101-117, tables)
Succinct yet compelling demonstration of economic stratification and dependency upon wage-earning in a highland Maya municipio.Wilken, Gene C. Good farmers: traditional agricultural resource management in Mexico and Central America. See item 2951.750 Zambrano, Vladimir. La cuestión ét-
nico-nacional y la búsqueda de la soberanía en Centroamérica. {Bol AntiopoL Am., 12, die. 1985, p. 103-113, ill., tables)
Abstract and programmatic discussion of role of indigenous groups in anti-imperialist struggle.
West Indies ■
LAMBROS COMITAS, Gardnei Cowles Professor of Anthropology and Education, Teachers College, Columbia University; and Director, Research Institute for the Study of Man
DURING THE PAST TWO YEARS OR SO, there has been a perceptible shift in thematic and territorial emphasis in publications on the social and cultural anthropology of the Caribbean. Long-enduring research interests, such as rural economy, community oraganization, and social stratification in Creole societies are outnumbered by studies of Amerindians in the Guianese interior. Maroons in Suriname, and the Garifuna in Central America. Annotated below are 30 such publications.
Anthropology: Ethnology: West Indies / 97
an imusually large number for the reporting period. And, although research on the Caribbean diaspora to the métropoles of North America and Europe is not usually noted here, the rapidly increasing importance of this distinctive genre of Caribbean studies provided sufficient justification for including another 15 which are migration-related articles, almost all drawn from two readers; New immigrants in New York (edited by Nancy Foner) and Caribbean life in New York City (edited by Constance R. Sutton and Elsa M. Chaney). Also included are about a dozen annotations of publications dealing with Caribbean problems or issues in regional or sub-regional perspective.
Publications in this Handbook period deal with one or more of the following 18 Caribbean coimtries or dependencies as well as the US: Aruba, the Bahamas, Belize, Bequia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, French Guiana, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, St. Vincent, Suriname, and Trinidad. The most studied areas, as measured by number of publications, were, in order of importance. The Guianas (primarily Carib Indian research); New York City (migrant studies); Jamaica (Rastafarianism, other religions, and popular culture); General Caribbean (family and women studies); Haiti (primarily religion and heal^-related research); and Belize (predominantly Garifuna study).
I am indebted to Maria Guadeloupe Carmona for helping to prepare aimota- tions of publications in Spanish.
753 Alleyne, Mervyn C. Roots of Jamaican culture. London: Pluto Press, rgSS.
186 p.: bibl., index, maps.Examination of the ways in which Af
rican culture changed in Jamaica with specific reference to language, religion, and music, fields that "have always been central to Jamaican social and cultural concerns and . . . closely integrated both in Africa and in African Jamaica."
754 Austin-Broos, Diane J. Pentecostals and Rastafarians: cultural, political
and gender relations of two religious movements. (Soc. Econ. Stud., 36:4, Dec. 1987, p. r-39, bibl.)
Although opposed in important ways, Pentecostalism and Rastafarianism in Jamaica are part of the same cultural and theological universe. Pentecostalism, despite its association with North America, has become for its practitioners an indigenous phenomenon while at the same time its "significance for Jamaican geo-politics and culture extends far beyond the local community, and promotes an ideological style which challenges Rastafarianism as a dominant form of Folk belief." Within this context, aspects of the political nature of Jamaican and Caribbean culture are explored.
751 Adams, Kathleen J. The premise ofequality in Carib societies.
¡Antropológica, 59/62, i983/r984,p. 299-307)
Discussion of Barama River Carib social organization based on a case dealing with leadership. "Principles of equality among men and women are reviewed as mechanisms for population and generational continuity."752 Afro-Catibbean villages in historical
perspective. Edited by Charles V. Carnegie. Kingston: African-Caribbean Institute of Jamaica, 1987. t33 p.: ill. (ACIJ Research Review; 2)
Issue devoted to the historical development of specific Caribbean communities. Includes republication of Sidney W. Mintz "The Historical Sociology of Jamaican Villages," Karen Fog Olwig "Village, Culture and Identity on St. John, V.I.;" Trevor W. Purcell "Modern Maroons: Economy and Cultural Survival in a 'Jamaican' Peasant Village in Costa Rica;" O. Nigel Holland "African Continuities and Creole Culture in Belize Town in the Nineteenth Century,-" Charles V. Carnegie "Is Family Land an Institution?;" and Jean Besson "Family Land as a Model for Martha Brae's New History: Culture Building in an Afro-Caribbean Village."
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755 Baker, Patrick L. Ethnogenesis: the case of the Dominica Caribs. [Am.
Indig., 48:2, abril/junio 1988, p. 377-401, bibl.)
Rejects traditional theories about the Caribs of Dominica and argues that Caribs are the "creation" of Europeans—in the identity that they "foisted" on them and in the Carib "adaptive response to a changing situation tvhich affected their self-identity."756 Banck, Geert A. Anthropological re
search on the Caribbean and LatinAmerica. {Bol. Estud. Latinoam., 44, junio 1988, p. 29-37/ bibl.)
Short, concise review of Dutch anthropological interests in the Caribbean and Latin America introduced by a discussion of intellectual trends and institutional coimec- tions of Dutch anthropology. Particular reference is made to research in Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles.757 Barrett, Leonard E., Sr. The Rasta
farians: sounds of cultural dissonance.Rev. and updated ed. Boston: Beacon Press, 1988. 302 p.: bibl., index. (Beacon paperback;795)
Short, new introduction and some post-1975 updating is provided for this second edition of one of the early treatments of the Rastafarian movement.758 Bartow, Christine. Anthropology, the
family and women in the Caribbean.(in Gender in Caribbean development: papers presented at the inaugural seminar of the University of the West Indies, Women and Development Studies Project. Edited by Patricia Mohammed and Catherine Shepherd. Mona, Jamaica: Univ. of-the West Indies, Women and Development Studies Project, 1988, p. 156-169, bibl.)
Polemical review of selected studies of the West Indian family with special attention paid to their treatment of the role of women.759 Basch, Linda G. The politics of Carib-
beanization: Vincentians and Grenadians in New York, [in Caribbean life in New York City: sociocultural dimensions. Edited by Constance R. Sutton and Elsa M. Chaney. Staten Island, N.Y.: Center for Migration Studies, 1987, p. 160-181, bibl.)
Analysis of migrants in three interactional spheres—the home society, the West
Indian community in New York, and in relation to black Americans—reveals the differing possibilities for and constraints on their political behavior in New York.760 Basch, Linda G. The Vincentians and
Grenadians: the role of voluntary associations in immigrant adaptation to New York Gity. [in New immigrants in New York. Edited by Nancy Foner. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, r98y, p. i59-i93/ bibl.)
Vincentian and Grenadian associations in New York City not only facilitate migrant adaptation to the receiving society but also "link immigrant to the host society and home society simultaneously" thereby contributing to the emergence of a "transnational" world view.761 Besson, Jean. Agrarian relations and
perceptions of land in a Jamaican peasant village, [in Small farming and peasant resources in the Caribbean. Edited by John S. Brierly and Hymie Rubenstein. Winnipeg, Canada: Univ. of Manitoba, Dept, of Geography, 1988, p. 39-61, bibl.)
Case study which demonstrates that peasants paradoxically view land as both a limited and unlimited resource. Cultural values which impinge on peasant land use need to be understood within the wider framework of Caribbean agrarian relations. The institution of family land, viewed as a dynamic cultural creation of peasantries, is explored as an adaptive system of land use.762 Bilby, Kenneth M. "Two sister pikni:"
a historical tradition of dual ethnogenesis in eastern Jamaica. [Caiibb. Q., 30:3/4, Sept./Dec. 1984/ P- lo-^'S)
Delineation of a mythological tradition ("a shared mental diagram: a collective representation, neatly encapsulated in a genealogical metaphor . . . ") of two African sisters who oppose each other over the issue of slavery. From a metaphorical perspective, this tradition is a symbolic representation of the relations over time between Maroons and other Afro-Jamaicans.763 Bolles, A. Lynn. Theories of women in
development in the Caribbean: theongoing debate, [in Gender in Caribbean development: papers presented at the inaugural seminar of the University of the West Indies, Women and Development Studies Project.
Anthropology: Ethnology: West Indies / 99
Edited by Patricia Mohammed and Catherine Shepherd. Mona, Jamaica: Univ. of the West Indies, Women and Development Studies Project, r988, p. 2t-34, bibl.)
Theoretical approaches of Ester Boserup, Lourdes Beneria, Helen I. Safa and Gita Sen as they relate to women and economic development. Short concluding section covers theory and meaning for Caribbean women.764 Brodber, Etna. Black consciousness
and popular music in Jamaica in thergéos and 1970s. (Nieuwe West-Indische Gids, 6r : 3/4, r987, p. t43-r6o, bibl.)
Examination of the connection between popular music and the awakening of consciousness among the middle class or, more specifically, a discussion of how the "mulatto orientation" was penetrated by the "Afro-orientation" through the medium of Afro-centric reggae song.765 Brown, Karen McCarthy. Systematic
remembering, systematic forgetting.[in Africa's Ogun: old world and new. Edited by Sandra T. Barnes. Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, t989, p. 65-89, bibl.)
With origins in Dahomean and Yoruban religion, Ogun, a central figure in Haitian religion, evolved differently from the West African form. Author demonstrates how elements of a religion "retained as a legacy from the past are subject to systematic and continuous redefinition and restructuring, and that out of this process new cultural forms emerge." The Haitian Ogun results from complex interactions between memory and the material conditions of Haitian life.
Castellanos, Jorge and Isabel Castellanos. Cultura afrocubana, v. r, El negro en Cuba, r492-r844. See item 4673.Castellanos, Jorge and Isabel Castellanos. Geographic, ethnologic, and linguistic roots of Cuban blacks. See item 4674.Castillo; José del and Martin F. Murphy. Migration, national identity and cultural policy in the Dominican Republic. See item 4676.Charbit, Yves. Famille et nuptialité dans la Caraïbe. See item 4677.766 Cherubini, Bernard. Cayetme: ville
créole et polyethnique; essai d'an
thropologie urbaine. Présentation d'André Calmont. Talence: CENADDOM; Paris: Karthala, r988. 26r p., 8 p. of plates: bibl., ill., maps, tables. (Hommes et sociétés)
Well organized two-part study based on solid research: i ) examines an old downtown neighborhood of Cayenne, capital city of French Guiana and sees ethnic diversity as generating multiple urban cultures; and 2) describes urban architecture and building styles during the golden era (r86o-r95o), emphasizing rapid urbanization after r95o.[A. Pérotin-Dumon]767 Chevannes,, Barry. Backgroimd to drug
use in Jamaica. Mona, Jamaica: Institute of Social and Economic Research, Univ. of the West Indies, r988. 79 p.: bibl., ill, tables. (An ISER working paper,- 34)
Use of marihuana, alcohol, hard drugs, pharmaceuticals, folk medicines, and tobacco is described in context of relationships between drug use and political attitudes.
768 Chevannes, Barry. Drop pan and folk consciousness, (fam. /., 22:2, May/
July r989, p. 45-50)Exploration of the meanings (some
Chinese and others Afro-Jamaican in origin) contained in drop pan, a numbers game widely played in Jamaica and "a little-known part of the vast informal economy" of that island.769 Cole, Johnnetta B. and Gail A. Reed.
Women in Cuba: old problems andnew ideas. ( Urban AnthiopoL, r 5 :3/4, Fall/ Winter 2986, p. 32-1-355, bihl.)
Interviews with five Cuban women about the status of women in Cuba by an anthropologist and journalist. Uses extensive excerpts from these interviews, organized around the themes of work, relationships, and power. Authors and subjects conclude that gender equality depends on both government policy and consciousness-raising at the grassroots level.
770 Colson, Audrey Butt. A comparative survey of contributions.
[Antropológica, 59/62, r983/r984, p. 9-38) Extremely useful survey of contribu
tions to this issue of Antropológica devoted to "Themes in Political Organization: The Caribs and their Neighbours." Discusses major topics and arguments and suggests fu-
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ture lines for Carib research. Topics include: ethnicity, language and society; the macro- levels of Carib political organization; Carib kinship as a kin-integration system; production and reproduction in Carib organization; social change and Carih organization; the female and continuity; and, a comparative view of the "political economy" of Caribs and their neighbors.Colson, Audrey Butt. Routes of knowledge: an aspect of regional integration in the cir- cum-Roraima area of the Guiana Highlands. See item 900.771 Colson, Audrey Butt. The spatial com
ponent in the political structure of theCarib speakers of the Guiana Highlands: Kapon and Pemon. {Antiopológica, 59/62, t983/t984, p. 73-r24, maps, tables)
Discussion of the "nature of the correspondence between social and conceptual tmities and geographical space among the Kapon and Pemon ..." organized around three levels of structure and their tenitorial bases: the ethnic group (a People); the regional group (or tribe); and, the river group (family settlements, villages). Political system is described as acephalous, segmentary, and cog- natic, a system which has to be taken into account for any imderstanding of territory and the roles of secular and religious leaders.
772 Coreil, Jeannine. Irmovation among Haitian healers: the adoption of oral
rehydration therapy. [Hum. Organ., 47: r. Spring 1988, p. 48-57, bihl., tables.)
Based on survey and ethnographic data, study explores the differential independent adoption of ORT hy Haitian midwives, herbalists, shamans, and injectionists.773 Davis, Martha Ellen. La otra ciencia:
el vodú dominicano como religión ymedicina populares. Santo Domingo: Univ. Autónoma de Santo Domingo, r98y. 44t p.: bibl., ill. (Publicación; 576. Col. Estudios sociales; 5)
Description and analysis of voodoo in the Dominican Republic. While labelling it a type of Afro-Dominican religious cult, author considers it the "eastern variant" of a folk cult found throughout the island of Hispaniola differing from the "western" or Haitian variant in that it is not synonymous with folk religion as is the case in Haiti but
is only one of several Dominican folk religious organizations or manifestations. Thorough descriptions provided of cult organization, practices and rituals, cosmology, social contexts and use of folk medicine.
774 Davis, Wade. Passage of darkness: theethnobiology of the Haitian zomhie.
Foreword hy Robert Fanis Thompson. Preface by Richard Evans Schultes. Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, r988. 344 p.: bibl., glossary, ill., index.
Author offers a general theory to account for zombification based on ethno- biological and ethnographic field research. Interesting and illuminating study. Of particular interest to ethnologists are chapters on zombification as a social process and on the Bizango secret societies.775 Dijk, Frank Jan van. The Twelve
Tribes of Israel: Rasta and the middleclass. {Nieuwe West-Indische Gids, 62: r/2, 1988, p. r-26)
Author claims that the Twelve Tribes of Israel in Jamaica is the largest, best organized, and most disciplined of Rastafarian groups. It has a strong middle- and upper- class following as well as a theology which differs significantly from that of other Rastafarians. Aspects of its theology, organizational structure, membership, and activities are detailed.776 Dirks, Robert. The Black Saturnalia:
conflict and its ritual expression onBritish West Indian slave plantations. Gainesville: Univ. Presses of Florida, t987. 228 p.,7 p. of plates: bibl., ill., index, plates, tables. (University of Florida monographs: Social sciences; 72)
Author examines Christmas saturnalia as an aspect of the ecological systems of West Indian societies. Rather than veiled protest demonstrations, these extraordinary atmual events are viewed as "an attestation not to the power of the lie but to the power of tmth to find its way out even in the most repressive societies." As both context and substance to the argument, excellent descriptions are provided of the physical and technical environment of the plantation, the position of masters and slaves within the ecosystem, slave subsistence patterns, the intense competition for survival, and alliances and antagonisms. Recommended reading.
Anthtopology: Ethnology: West Indies / 101
777 Dieyfus, Simone. Historical and political anthropological inter-connections:
the multilinguistic indigenous polity of the "Carib" islands and mainland coast from the i6th to the tSth century. {Antropológica, 59/62, 1983/1984, p. 39-55, map)
Historical account of indigenous political organization at the time of European conquest and colonization. Author examines role of kinship and marriage, trade, and warfare in the development of "semi-hierarchical" political orders and argues that linguistic boundaries never marked political limits. Concludes with the hypothesis that the elimination of inter-group warfare transformed the region "into the egalitarian, atomized, and often closed small units of today."
778 Farmer, Paul. Bad blood, spoiled milk: bodily fluids as moral barometers
in Haiti. [Am. EthnoL, r5 : i, Feb. r988, p. 62-83, bibl.)
Description and analysis of case materials dealing with move san, "a somatically experienced disorder caused by emotional distress" found to be widespread among rural Haitian women especially those pregnant or nursing.779 Fonet, Nancy. The Jamaicans: race and
ethnicity among migrants in NewYork City, (in New immigrants in New York. Edited by Nancy Foner. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1987, p. i9s-2t7, bibl.)
Meaning of race and ethnicity for Jamaican migrants is explored as well as how this migration influences the nature of race and ethnic relations in New York City. Concludes that while a heightened sense of race provides Jamaicans with potential bonds to black Americans, ethnicity serves to separate and divide.
780 Foner, Nancy. West Indians in New York City and London: a comparative
analysis, [in Caribbean life in New York City: sociocultural dimensions. Edited by Constance R. Sutton and Elsa M. Chaney. Staten Island, N.Y.: Center for Migration Studies, 1987, p. ir7-t3o, bibl.)
Discussion of how and why West Indians in the US fare better occupationally than West Indians in Great Britain.
781 Forte, Janette. Los pueblos indígenas de Guyana. [Am. Indig., 48:2, abril/
junio r988, p. 323-352, bibl.)Summary ethnographic accounts of
the nine surviving Arawak and Carib tribes and the Warrau in Guyana with emphasis on the steady acculturation pressure over time and changes induced by substantial cultural and economic change.
782 Foster, Byron. Celebrating autonomy: the development of Garifuna ritual on
St. Vincent. [Caribb. Q., 33:3/4, Sept./Dec. 1987, p. 75-83, bibl.)
Summary account of the history of the Garifuna on St. Vincent and of the Afro- Carib/Island Carib rift serves as a backdrop for an examination of the dugu ritual. Elements of this hybrid form are compared to Island Carib mortuary rites and West African celebrations of death. Relationship of dugu to fertility is explored and author probes reasons for why and when the ritual flourished.
Foster, Byron. Estructura familiar garifuna: un análisis comparativo. See item 686.
783 Foster, Byron. Heart drum: spirit possession in the Garifuna communities
of Belize. Belize: Cubóla Productions, 1986. 50 p.: bibl., col. ill.
Analysis of dugu ritual incorporating the nature of illness and healing ritual group recruitment, and symbolic significance of the ritual itself. Interesting examination of the "sequences of possession" which contrasts an "afflicted" woman with an "afflicted" man using genealogies and informant accounts.784 Garrison, Vivian and Carol I. Weiss.
Dominican family networks andUnited States immigration policy: a case study, [in Caribbean life in New York City: sociocultural dimensions. Edited by Constance R. Sutton and Elsa M. Chaney. Staten Island, N.Y.: Center for Migration Studies, 1987, p. 235-254, bibl.)
Detailed case study of one "characteristic" Dominican family in order to examine how extended families adapt to US immigration policy and the implications of these adaptations for traditional Dominican family structure.785 Georges, Eugenia. A comment on Do
minican ethnic associations, [in Carib-
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bean life in New York City: sociocultural dimensions. Edited by Constance R. Sutton and Elsa M. Chaney. Staten Island, N.Y.: Center for Migration Studies, 1987, p. 297- 302, bibl.]
It is argued that more recent research on Dominican voluntary organizations in New York City indicates that the Sassen- Koob thesis (item 829), based on a comparison of Colombian and Dominican associations in the city, requires amendment and clarification.
786 Gómez Abren, Nery and Manuel Martinez Casanova. Contribución al es
tudio de la presencia de las diferentes etnías y culturas africanas en la región central de Cuba: zona de Placetas, 1817-1886. [Islas,83, sept./dic. 1986, p. 114-120, tables)
Based on data from a study of baptismal books from the Placetas parish of Villa Clara province covering the period from 1817 (year of the oldest book) to 1886 (year slavery was abolished), authors generate the number, year of baptism, sex, and tribal derivation of African slaves newly introduced to the zone along with some hmited discussion.
787 González, Nancie L. Garifuna settlement in New York: a new frontier, [in
Caribbean life in New York City: sociocultural dimensions. Edited by Constance R. Sutton and Elsa M. Chaney. Staten Island, N.Y.: Center for Migration Studies, 1987,p. 150-159, bibl.)
Observations about the migratory patterns and adaptations of possibly 30,000 Garifuna in New York City.
788 González, Nancie L. Nueva evidencia sobre el origen de los caribes negros,
con consideraciones sobre el significado de la tradición. [Mesoaméríca/Anticua, 7:12, die. 1986, p. 331-356, map, tables)
Based on archival evidence, historical specifics of the "Carib War" of 1895-96 and the subsequent Black Carib migrations to the Miskito Coast and Belize are detailed. Author rejects analyses that emphasize a preservation of traditions and argues that Black Caribs survived precisely because they shed traditional political and religious values. Concludes with a discussion of issues related to the function of oral transmission of history and the meaning of "tradition."
789 González, Nancie L. Sojourners of the Caribbean: ethnogenesis and ethno-
history of the Garifuna. Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press, 1988. 253 p., 16 p. of plates: bibl., ill., index, maps, photos, tables.
Authoritative study of the genesis and development of the Garifima in three parts: i) sketches historical situations and contexts from which the Island Caribs, Black Caribs, and Garifuna emerged; 2) deals with cultural bases and markers of ethnicity (ancestors, foods and their acquisition, work identity, domesticity, personality, and perceptions of self); and 3 ) focuses on the making of a modern ethnic group or the process and institutions by which Carib/Garifuna culture has adapted and evolved to its present configuration.
790 Gregory, James R. Men, women and modernization in a Mayan commu
nity. [Belizean Stud., 15 :3, 1987, p. 3-32, bibl.)
Description, as of 1977, of effects of modernization on the Mopan Maya Indian village of San Antonio in southern Belize. Concludes that positive effect on the social position of women, relative to that of men, was minimal; the former remained economically marginal and socially subordinate. Argues that this condition is unlikely to persist given the general changes that have taken place and that a "yoimg women's revolt" is quite possible.
791 Gregory, Steven. Afro-Caribbean religions in New York City: the case of
santería, [in Caribbean life in New York City: sociocultural dimensions. Edited by Constance R. Sutton and Elsa M. Chaney. Staten Island, N.Y.: Center for Migration Studies, 1987, p. 307-324, bibl.)
Examination of those aspects of the history, belief system, and social organization of santería that account for its "vitality" among New York Hispanics, black Americans, and even some West Indians. Much of the discussion based on research of a Cuban house of Ocha located in the Bronx.
792 Gullick, Charles. Chamanismo garifima. [Am. Indig., 48:2, abril/junio
1988, p. 283-321, bibl., tables)Seventeenth-century Island Caribs of
the Lesser Antilles had a curing system based
Anthropology: Ethnology: West Indies / 103
on shamanistic seances. Author describes how the Black Carib of Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras retained this system and how the Caribs of St. Vincent and Dominica replaced it with forms used by their African- descended neighbors.
Halberstein, R.A. Household structure and fertility in the Caribbean. See item 1318.
793 Hall, Douglas. In miserable slavery:Thomas Thistlewood in Jamaica,
1750-86. London: Macmillan Publishers, 1989. 322 p.: maps. (Warwick University Caribbean studies)
Extraordinary glimpse into slave life in 18th-century Jamaica culled from a detailed diary kept by a small landowner for some 36 years. By using fraction of a voluminous record book and by blending diary excerpts with author's commentary, book provides a vivid picture of the daily routine of both slaves and masters. Narrative "concentrates on local happenings and is unrivalled in the insights it gives us into the human relations between master and slave, the contrasts between brutality and care, into methods of social control, diseases and their cure, financial matters, the problem of runaways, of relations with maroons and the light it throws on Tacky's Rebellion of r76o." Highly recommended.
794 Haiaksingh, Kusha. Control and resistance among Indian workers: a study
of labour on the sugar plantations of Trinidad, 1875-1917. {in India in the Caribbean. Edited by David Dabydeen and Brinsley Sa- maroo. London: Hansib Publishing, 1987,P-61-77)
Description of means by which the Trinidadian plantation system controlled Indian indentured and free workers and some of the ways control was disrupted and made difficult, the latter attested to by "the frequent outbreak of strikes, riots and violence at the workplace. ..."
795 Harrison, Faye V. Women in Jamaica'surban informal economy: insights from
a Kingston slum. [Nieuwe West-Indische Gids, 62:3/4, 1988, p. 103-128, bibl.)
Based on her review of gender differentials of the lowest rungs of the Jamaican informal economy, author argues that inequality, based on sex, is an integral feature
in the social relations and cultural construction of a coimtry where colonial exploitation long dictated the course of economic, political, and sociocultural development.
796 Henley, Paul. Intergenerational marriage amongst the Carib-speaking
peoples of The Guianas: a preliminary survey. {Antropológica, 59/62, 1983/1984, p. I55-t8i, graphs)
Comparison of inter-generational marriage among the Carib-speaking peoples of The Guianas based on a survey of available data from t4 different groups. Survey results are preceded by discussion of the theoretical and methodological issues posed by the data and followed by the proposition that a fuller understanding of the phenomenon lies in further examination of the nature of crosscousin marriage and the broader "complex of social and economic relations."
797 Heusch, Luc de. Kongo in Haiti: a new approach to religious syncretism.
{Man, 24:2, June 1989, p. 290-303, bibl.)Structural and historical approaches
are used to analyze the African roots of Haitian voodoo (i.e., the rada cult which emanated from Dahomey and the petro cult from the Kongo). Kongo elements are given primary attention. Author argues the necessity of both approaches for a full understanding of s3mcretism.Hoefte, Rosematijn. Female indentured labor in Suriname: for better or for worse? See item 4701.
798 Holland, Dorothy C. and Julia G. Crane. Adapting to an industrializing
nation: the Shango cult in Trinidad. (Soc. Econ. Stud., 36:4, Dec. 1987, p. 41-66, bibl.)
Examines Shango Cult not in terms of African origins or psychological fimctions but rather as an adaptation force, "a template for reordering traditional Black or Creole patterns of economic survival and social relations to fit the new conditions of Trinidadian society."Hurbon, Laënnec. Culture et dictature en Haïti: l'imaginaire sous contrôle. See item4704.Hurbon, Laënnec. Dieu dans le vaudou haïtien. See item 4705.
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799 Indians in the Caribbean. Edited by I.J. Bahadur Singh. New Delhi: Sterling
Publishers, 1987. 428 p.: bibl., index.Useful selection of papers dealing with
the study of the Caribbean's East Indian community presented at three conferences {197$, 1979, and 1984): i) contains keynote speeches by V.S. Naipaul, Sam Selvon, Ismith Khan, and Winston Mahabir examining various aspects of the East Indian quest for identity and acceptance in a multiracial Caribbean society; 2) concentrates on East Indian influence on aspects of Caribbean culture; and 3) presents case studies dealing with the position of East Indians in Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, Jamaica, and Grenada.800 Kasinitz, Philip and Judith Freiden-
berg-Herbstein. The Puerto RicanParade and West Indian Carnival: public celebrations in New York City, (in Caribbean life in New York City: sociocultural dimensions. Edited by Constance R. Sutton and Elsa M. Chaney. Staten Island, N.Y.: Center for Migration Studies, 1987, p. 327-349, bibl.)
Comparison of two Caribbean events in New York City "as collective rituals that carry para-political signiflcance."
801 Klomp, Ank. Politics on Bonaire: an anthropological study. Translated by
Dirk H. van der Elst. Assen/Maastricht, The Netherlands: Van Gorcum, 1986. 215 p.: appendices, bibl., maps. (Studies of developing countries; 3t)
Anthropologist Klomp looks at the constitutional and electoral history of Bonaire and analyzes its political system, based on fieldwork. Book represents first publication on Bonairian society and first essay on the political system of a Dutch Caribbean society in the English language. First published in 1983 as Politiek op Bonaite. [R. Hoefte]
802 Kloos, Peter. Syncretic features of contemporary Maroni River Carib reli
gious belief. {Antropológica, 63/64, 1985,p. 197-206, bibl.)
Elements from at least three cultures, traditional Carib, Roman Catholic, and Surinamese Creole, helped form contemporary Carib religious belief. New elements are accepted or rejected on the pragmatic basis of their efficacy to deal in supernatural terms with illness, a key group issue.
803 Koulen, Ingrid; Gert J. Oostindie;Peter Verton; and Rosemarijn Hoefte.
The Netherlands Antilles and Aruba: a research guide. Providence, R.I.: Foris Publications, 1987. r62 p.: appendix, bibl. (Caribbean series; 7)
Very useful guide which includes detailed profile of The Netherlands Antilles and Aruba, a discussion of the development and current condition of social science research about these areas, a comprehensive bibliographic essay reviewing over 500 social science studies, and recommendations for future research. (For bibliographer's comment, see HLAS $0:109.804 Lamur, Humphrey E. Fertility differ
entials on three slave plantations inSuriname. {Slavery Abolit, 8:3, Dec. 1987,P- 313-33S/ bibl., map, tables)
Fertility levels for slaves showed substantial difference by plantation crop: lowest fertility level found for sugar estates, middle level for coffee plantations, and highest level for cotton plantations. Author tentatively concludes that feritlity differences result from difiering child-bearing intervals which, in turn, are the result of differences in labor conditions and slaves' reactions to the plantation system.López Valdes, Rafael L. Componentes africanos en el etnos cubano. See item 4712.805 Lurry-Wright, Jerome Wendell. Cus
tom and conflict on a Bahamian out-island. Lanham, Md.: Univ. Press of America, 1987. xxii, 188 p.: bibl., indexes.
Based on field research carried out in 1972-73, this study analyzes choice and methods of dispute settlement on the island of Mayaguana. Author deals with intrafamily disputes, intracommimity conflict, intercommunity conflict, and their management. Includes selected corpus of cases.806 Magaña, Edmundo. Astronomía de los
Wayana de Surinam y Guayana francesa. (/. Lat Am. Lore, 13:1, Summer 1987, p. 47-71, bibl., ill., photos)
Report on the indigenous constellations and astronomy of the Oyana. Also included are related myths and suggestions for future research including the relationship of the native astronomy to ritual cycles.
807 Magaña, Edmundo. Astronomía wayana y tarëno: Guyana Francesa, Su-
Anthropology: Ethnology: West Indies / 105
rinam, norte de Brasil. {Am. Indig., 48:1, abril/junio rgSS, p. 447-4ór, bibl.)
Describes astronomy and star knowledge based on oral traditions of two tribes in The Guianas.
808 Magaña, Edmundo. Contribuciones al estudio de la mitología y astronomía
de los indios de las Guayanas. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: CEDLA; Providence, R.I.: FORIS Publications, 1987. 306 p.: bibl., ill. (Latin American studies; 35)
On the basis of fieldwork conducted among Amerindian tribes in Suriname and French Guiana, anthropologist Magaña discusses mythology and astronomy among the Oyana, Apalai, Trio, and Kaliña Indians. Includes theoretical introductions, some 300 narratives, identification of t36 constellations, illustrations by native informants as well as zoological, ornithological and ichthyological vocabularies. [R. Hoefte]
809 Menezes, M. Noel. The Amerindians of Guyana: original lords of the soil.
{Am. Indig., 48:2, abril/junio rp88, p. 353- 376, bibl., maps)
Explores land rights of Guyanese Amerindians in historical and contemporary perspective. Amerindians "remain, for the most part, as they were in colonial days 'wards of the State' and to a certain extent, landless serfs."
810 Mentore, George P. Wai-wai labour relations in the production of cassava.
{Antropológica, 59/62, 1983/1984, p. 199- 221, graphs, ill., tables)
Describes procedure and sequence of agricultural work and sexual division of labor in order to illuminate social relations in agricultural production and factors that determine the distribution of farmland among a Carib group in Guyana.
811 Mintz, Sidney W. Labor and ethnicity: the Caribbean conjuncture, (in Crises
in the Caribbean Basin. Edited by Richard Tardanico. Newberry Park, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1987, p. 47-57, bibl.)
In order to understand Caribbean ethnicity one must know the social fields in which this ethnicity developed and maintained its characteristic structiure and shape. "The Caribbean conjuncture of labor and ethnicity is a product of particular forces at a particular time, and of necessity it raises se
rious questions about the linkages between class and culture."
812 Mohammed, Patricia. The Caribbean family revisited, (in Gender in Carib
bean development: papers presented at the inaugural seminar of the University of the West Indies, Women and Development Studies Project. Edited by Patricia Mohammed and Catherine Shepherd. Mona, Jamaica: Univ. of the West Indies, Women and Development Studies Project, t988, p. lyo-iSi, bibl.)
From a gender-aware perspective, author reviews classic studies of the West Indian family and suggests directions for the study of women and the family in Caribbean societies.813 Mohammed, Patricia. The "creoliza-
tion" of Indian women in Trinidad, {inTrinidad and Tobago: the independence experience, r962-i987. Edited by Selwyn Ryan with the assistance of Gloria Gordon. St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago: Univ. of the West Indies, Institute of Social and Economic Research, r988, p. 38r-397, bibl.)
Description of the "tremendous shift" in Indian women's status as they become more fully integrated into Trinidadian society through increased opportimities in education and employment. Process of "creolization" has been selective and has not automatically led to "negation" of ethnic or religious identity.
Moore, Carlos. Race relations in socialist Cuba. See item 4721.
814 Morton, John. Women as values, signs and power: aspects of the politics of
ritual among the Waiwai. {Antropológica, 59/62, r983/r984, p. 223-26r)
Exploration of points of convergence between Marxism, structuralism, and psychoanalysis in the analysis of the social position of women in Waiwai social organization and for demonstrating "the close functional interdependence of religion, ritual, ideology and socio-economic practice."
815 Murray, Gerald F. Seeing the forest while planting the trees: an anthropo
logical approach to agroforestry in rural Haiti, {in Politics, projects, and people: institutional development in Haiti. Edited by Derick W. Brinkerhofi and Jean-Claude
106 / Handbook of Latin American Studies v. 51
Garcia-Zamor. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1986, p. 193-226, bibl.)
Interesting description and analysis of an anthropological approach to environmental restoration in Haiti. Article focuses on the underlying design principles and institutional dimensions of the project.
Ortiz, Fernando. Los negros curros. See item 4725.816 Pessar, Patricia R. The Dominicans:
women in the household and the garment industry, [in New immigrants in New York. Edited by Nancy Poner. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1987, p. 103-129, bibl.)
An "etic" analysis of the positive contribution of Dominican women to the New York garment industry and the impact of this employment on improving their household status and prolonging their stay in the US.
817 Pessar, Patricia R. The hnkage between household and workplace of Do
minican women in the U.S. [in Caribbean life in New York City: sociocultural dimensions. Edited by Constance R. Sutton and Elsa M. Chaney. Staten Island, N.Y.: Center for Migration Studies, 1987, p. 255-277, bibl., tables)
Wage employment improves the household status of migrant women but their ideological and social commitment to the household fosters a middle class identity and orientation to work which works against participation in collective struggles to improve working conditions. This "inconsistency" is explored.
Planson, Claude. Le vaudou. See item 4728.
818 Price, Neil. Behind the planter's back:lower class responses to marginality
in Bequia Island, St. Vincent. London: Macmillan Caribbean, rpSS. 274 p.: figures, maps, tables.
Analyses of fieldwork data firmly "set within a materialist framework, using the Marxist theory of modes of production and social classes to examine social relations and ideology." Author examines contemporary forms of dependence and interdependence, the local economy, household and family, kinship and friendship, lower-class culture, and tourism, real estate and change, all with special emphasis on the community of Lower Bay.
819 Price, Richard. Fiist Time: historia y antropología entre los saramaka.
(Rev. Cieno. Soc., 25 :1/2, enero/junio 1986, p. 263-285, facsim., map, photos)
Exploration of native categories of history among the Saramaka in Suriname. Author details the "regulated" process of oral transmission and the "dangers" involved therein. Interesting analyses of the power of history in the present. Concludes with reflections on the effects of modernization efforts in the region.
820 Quamina, Odida T. Mineworkers of Guyana: the making of a working
class. Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Zed Books, 1987. 118 p., 7 p. of plates: bibl., ill., index.
Based on data generated by anthropological techniques and author's personal experience as employee of the Demerara Bauxite Co., this unique study in industrial sociology analyzes aspects of the lives and works of some of the individuals who shaped the Guyanese bauxite industry and deals with the process of transition of this nationalized industry with special reference to the socioeconomic-political changes during the key period r97t-82.
821 Quintero-Rivera, Angel G. The rural- urban dichotomy in the formation of
Puerto Rico's cultural identity. [Nieuwe West-Indische Gids, 61:3/4, 1987, p. 127- r44, bibl., maps)
Analysis of "the changing meanings of the urban-rural dichotomy . . . and the cultural significance of the relationship between country and city."822 Rashford, John. Packy tree, spirits and
duppy birds. [Jam. /., 21:3, Aug./Oct.r989, p. 2-to, bibl., facsims., photos)
Study of the cultural importance of the American calabash tree [Ciescentia spp.j in Jamaica, with focus on its traditional association with the spiritual world.
823 Rawlins, Joan M. The family in the Caribbean, 1973-1986: an annotated
bibliography. Cave Hill, Barbados: Institute of Social and Economic Research, Eastern Caribbean, Univ. of the West Indies, 1987. xvi, 41 p.: indexes. (Occasional bibliography; 10)
Arranged alphabetically by author, this bibliography contains 108 entries cover-
Anthropology: Ethnology: West Indies / 107
ing the English-speaking Caribbean, Aruba, Cuba, Curaçao, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Marti- luque, and Puerto Rico.
824 Rivière, Peter. Aspects of Carib political economy. {Anüopológica, 59/62,
1983/1984, P- 349-358)Clastres has argued that Amerindian
societies lack a political economy. Rivière, disagreeing with this claim, argues that if political economy is defined as the ways in which the production and distribution of wealth are organized, then relatively simple Carib societies certainly have one—a political economy in which scarce hiunan resources, particularly women, rather than material resources, are considered wealth. "This helps account for the political significance of marriage in the region and the importance of uxorilocality as a means through which men attempt to control their female resources." This argument is extended to explain the atomistic and individualistic nature of Guianese societies.
825 Rubenstein, Hymie. Coping with poverty: adaptive strategies in a Caribbean
village. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press,1987- 389 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps, tables. (Westview special studies in social, political, and economic development)
Rich ethnography of a coastal community in St. Vincent which focuses on three spheres of adaptation to material deprivation and status inequality: economic, family and household, and non-familial social life. Chapters deal with the island's background; contemporary scene; community; work, wealth and class; land tenure and use; labor migration; kindred organization; sex, mating and marriage; the household; friendship; and a concluding section examines the study's empirical results within the framework of Afro-American and Caribbean anthropology.
826 Rubenstein, Hymie. Ganja as a peasant resource in St. Vincent: a prelimi
nary analysis, [in Small farming and peasant resources in the Caribbean. Edited by John S. Brierly and Hymie Rubenstein. Wiimipeg, Canada: Univ. of Manitoba, Dept, of Geography, 1988, p. ir9-i33, bibl.)
Emergence of marihuana as a major new crop in the mid-1970s is seen as resulting from a decline of wage labor and self-employed economic alternatives in St. Vincent
and the consequent need for many young men to turn to the land for their livelihood. Describes attitudes towards cultivation and use, production techniques, and distribution patterns related to marihuana.
827 Safa, Helen I. Popular culture, national identity, and race in the Caribbean.
{Nieuwe West-Indische Gids, 61:3/4, 1987, p. Ii5-t26, bibl.)
Discussion of issues linked to cultural policy and the search for-national identity in the Caribbean (e.g., the Afro-Carihbean contribution; impact of major events such as the Cuban revolution and the Grenada invasion; changes wrought by migration and the mass media).
828 Sanders, Andtew. The powerless people: an analysis of the Amerindians
of the Corentyne River. London: Macmillan Caribbean, 2987. 220 p.: bibl., maps, plates.
Analysis of the relationship between Amerindians of the Corentyne and Guyanese national society during the late 1960s. Author explores how village inhabitants saw their social world and discusses the meaning of concepts such as "families," "shame," "respect," "nation," "advantage," "mattie," and "eyepass" that helped generate this view.
829 Sassen-Koob, Saskia. Formal and informal associations: Dominicans and Co
lombians in New York, (in Caribbean life in New York City: sociocultural dimensions. Edited by Constance R. Sutton and Elsa M. Chaney. Staten Island, N.Y.: Center for Migration Studies, 1987, p. 278-296, bibl.)
Different incidence and types of voluntary associations in the two migrant communities are seen "as an indicator of different modalities of articulation with the receiving society." See also item 785.
830 Schwerin, Karl H. The kin-integration system among Caribs. (Antropológica,
59/62, T983/1984, p. r25-i53, graphs, tables) Revealing exploration of kinship prin
ciples of small-scale Carib Indian societies in the Guianas. Based on a survey of published sources, author finds that these societies have a common kinship system, one not comprehended by "descent theory" or "alliance theory." Ultimate goal of this system is to define the members of each small society as kinsmen. Claims that this is an ex-
108 / Handbook of Latin Ameiican Studies v. 51
tremely effective system for integrating small local groups.
831 Smith, M.G. Pluralism: comments on an ideological analysis. (Soc. Econ.
Stud., 36:4, Dec. 1987, p. 157-191, bibl.)Perhaps the last of an increasingly
acerbic but illuminating exchange between the author and Don Robotham concerning the latter's view "of the real social and intellectual content of M.G. Smith's version of pluralism." In this article, Smith responds to Robotham's rejoinder (see HLAS 49:987] to Smith's reply (see HLAS 47:1128] to Robot- ham's original essay (see HLAS 47:1118] by stressing "that students should never accept critiques or expositions without carefully checking the original text themselves to assess the accuracy and adequacy of the commentary, whether that is presented as an ideological analysis or not."
832 Smith, M.G. Poverty in Jamaica.Mona, Jamaica: Institute of Social and
Economic Research, Univ. of the West Indies, 1989. 167 p.: tables.
Recently released social survey designed "to estimate the volumes of individual and family needs for various kinds of social assistance among the poorer people of Jamaica. ..." Surveys 1,093 households, roughly half rural and half urban, and reports results under the following general rubrics: economic conditions; housing and health; dependent categories (e.g., the aged, the handicapped, insurance, ehildren); other nee'ds (e.g., literacy, family planning, legal aid); and information and mutual aid.
833 Smith, Raymond T. Kinship and class in the West Indies: a genealogical
study of Jamaica and Guyana. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1988. 205 p., 3 p. of plates: bibl., index, maps. (Cambridge studies in social anthropology; 65)
Through systematic genealogical analysis, author probes the strength and nature of West Indian kinship ties. Emphasizes issues related to marriage in the formation of West Indian society, modern marriage and other arrangements, sex-role differentiation, and household and family. Concludes that "the lower classes of the New World are not impoverished because their families are disorganized; their kinship systems were born and reproduce themselves within a particular
kind of class system that links all family 'types' into a structurally related series dominated by an ideology of evaluation that serves to reproduce the class system itself."834 Smuckei, Glenn R. Peasant councils
and the politics of community, (inPolitics, projects, and people: institutional development in Haiti. Edited by Derick W. Brinkerhoff and Jean-Claude Garcia-Zamor. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1986, p. 93- II3, bibl.)
History of the foreign and domestic roots of community development in Haiti provides context for a discussion of peasant community councils which concludes that their basic function "is to maintain the flow of peasant agricultural goods and taxes, and to maintain the political status quo."
Soledad, Rosalia de la and Maria J. Sanjuán de Novas. Ibó: yorubas en tierras cubanas.See item 4738.835 Stafford, Susan Buchanan. The Hai
tians: the cultural meaning of race andethnicity, {in New immigrants in New York. Edited by Nancy Foner. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1987, p. 131-158, bibl.)
Context provided for understanding changes in the symbolic meaning of race and .ethnicity among Haitian migrants in New York City including a demographic overview, a profile of the New York Haitian community, and a description of the effect of race and ethnicity on migrants' daily lives.
836 Stafford, Susan Buchanan. Language and identity: Haitians in New York
City, (in Caribbean life in New York City: sociocultural dimensions. Edited by Constance R. Sutton and Elsa M. Chaney. Staten Island, N.Y.: Center for Migration Studies, 1987, p. 202-217, bibl.)
Status and identity conflicts as reflected in debates over language usage.837 Stedman, John Gabriel. Narrative of a
five years expedition against the revolted Negroes of Surinam: transocibed for the first time from the original 1790 manuscript. Edited, and with an introduction and notes, by Richard Price and Sally Price. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1988. xcvii, 708 p.: bibl., ill. (some col.), plates.
Completely new edition of the historically important Stedman Narrative, this is
Anthropology: Ethnology: West Indies / 109
the only version based on the editors' personal copy of the original and unedited manuscript. This most handsome, beautifully illustrated volume covers Stedman's stay from 177a to 1777 and includes a full introduction and extensive notes.by Richard and Sally Price, noted authorities on the Maroons of Suriname.
838 Stephen, Henri J.M. Winti: Afro-Sur- inaamse religie en magische rituelen
in Suriname en Nederland. Amsterdam: Karnak, 1985. 131 p., I leaf of plates: bibl., ill.
Description of the use of rituals in the Winti culture in which the medicine man plays central role. Author discusses religious aspects and their influence. Provides overview of magic rituals as practiced in Suriname and The Netherlands. [N. Vicentij
839 Stewart, John O. Drinkers, drummers, and decent folk: ethnographic nar
ratives of village Trinidad. Albany: State Univ. of New York Press, 1989. 230 p.: bibl.
Unique and successful exercise in the use of ethnographic fiction as a way of doing a type of ethnography which reveals critical but difficult-to-reach cultural elements. Author uses essays, poems, and fiction inter: spersed with more conventional anthropological notes and commentaries to delve into rural Trinidadian culture.
840 Sutton, Constance R. The Carib- beanization of New York City: the
emergence of a transnational sociocultural system, (in Caribbean life in New York City: sociocultural dimensions. Edited by Constance R. Sutton and Elsa M. Chaney. Staten Island, N.Y.: Center for Migration Studies, 1987, p. 15-30, bibl.)
Introductory chapter to edited volume focuses on New York City as a Caribbean cross-road and site of a Caribbean transnational cultural system; on Caribbeans in the city's race/ethnic hierarchy; and on the sociocultural dimensions of Caribbean life in the city.
841 Thoden van Velzen, H.U.E. De Brunswijk-opstand: antropologische
kanttekeningen bij de Surinaamse bur- geroorlog. {Sociol. Gids, 35:3, mei/juni 1988, p. 212-236, bibl., maps)
Anthropologist Thoden van Velzen discusses causes which led to the formation of the Bnmswijk guerrilla group in East Sur
iname, as well as how collective reprisals influenced the whole Maroon community. He also discusses the religious consequences of the current problems. [R. Hoefte]
842 Thoden van Velzen, H.U.E. and W. van Wetering. The great father and the
danger: religious cults, material forces, and collective fantasies in the world of the Surinamese Maroons. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Providence, R.I.: Foris Publications, 1988. 451 p.: bibl., maps. (Caribbean series: Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Vol- kenkimde; 9)
Extensive study of the history of the cults of the Ndjuka Maroons based on 25 years of historical and ethnographical research. Explores relation between cult, myth, and the everyday world and compares interpretations of native and foreign intellectuals. [R. Hoefte]
843 Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. Discourses of rule and the acknowledgement of the
peasantry in Dominica, 1838-1-928. (Am. Ethnol., 16:4, Nov. 1989, p. 704-718, bibl.)
Description of long, convoluted process by which cultivators of land in Dominica came to be designated as and referred to by British colonists as peasants, "a metaphor for the acknowledgment of new relations of production that gave cultivators firmer control of the labor process."
844 Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. Haiti: state against nation,- the origins and legacy
of Duvalierism. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1990. 282 p.: bibl., ill.
Theoretically sophisticated discussion of the historical evolution of Haiti as context for an understanding of the rise of Duvalierism.
845 Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. Peasants and capital: Dominica in the world econ
omy. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1988. 344 p.: bibl., ill., index, maps, tables. (Johns Hopkins studies in Atlantic history and culture)
Thorough examination of "peasants" and the "peasantry" in Dominica and a major contribution to the growing literatme on rural labor in the Caribbean. Organized into three parts—the nation, the world, the village—this study reflects and analyzes these differing but overlapping perspectives and skillfully deals with the seeming paradox of
lio / Handbook o{ Latín American Studies V. 51
the emergence and growth of "peasantries" in a region long integrated in a capitalist world economy.
846 Urbina, Luis. Some aspects of the Pemón system of social relationships.
[Antiopológica, 59/62, 1983/1984, p. 183- 198, graph, ill., map)
Social reproduction of the Arekuna sub-group of the Pemón, a Cariban society, is analyzed with reference to the dynamics of the social units, relationships between members of these units, and the categorical principles underlying such relationships.
847 Vernon, Diane. Money magic in a modernizing Maroon society. Tokyo:
Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), 1985. 50 p.: bibl. (AA-Ken Caribbean study series; 2)
Description and analysis of two forms of money magic in Djuka society: bakuu, linked to coastal Surinamese life, is an ambivalent, aggressive means of gaining wealth which when appropriated by Djuka ceases to be a source of wealth and becomes an instrument of destruction; and, papa obia, linked to interior villages, is a positive magic which can seduce coastal residents into lavishing wealth on emigrant Djuka men and which can develop harmonious relationships.
848 Villalón, Maria Eugenia. Network organization in E'ñapa society: a first
approximation. [Antropológica, 59/62, r983/i984, p. 57-71, ill., map, table)
Author argues that regional analysis can provide effective analytical tools for the study of structurally simple societies. Identifies four types of regional networks involving the E'ñapa, a Cariban people, which indicate a high degree of societal integration at the regional level: marriage, trade, ceremonial cooperation, and shamanic services exchanges.849 Wedenoja, William: The origins of Re
vival: a Creole religion in Jamaica, [inCulture and Christianity: the dialectics of transformation. Edited by George R. Saunders. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988, p. 91-121, bibl.)
Precursors to and context of the evolution of Revival, a "Creole" religion, product of a Jamaican Creole society. It would be
"somewhat misleading" to view this religion simply as Afro-Christfan syncretism.
850 Whitehead, Neil L. Lord of the tiger spirit: a history of the Caribs in colo
nial Venezuela and Guyana, 1498-1920. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Foris Publications, 1988. 250 p.: bibl., ill., maps, plates, tables. (Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land—en Volkenkxmde: Caribbean series,- 10)
"Sharp contrast between the cunent social position of the Amerindians and their historic role in shaping the colonisation of Venezuela and Guyana" provides parameters for this authoritative account of Carib history from the time of their initial contact with Europeans around 1498 to the point three centuries later when they finally lost their independence. Useful sections on Carib society and demography (1500-1700) and the Carib polity (1498-1811), including chapters on the Carib frontier, the conquest of Cari- bana, the Spanish missions, the Dutch connection, and cannibalism and slavery.
851 Williams, Brackette. Ef me naa bin come me naa been know: informal so
cial control and the Afro-Guyanese wake, 1900-1948. [Caiibb. Q., 30:3/4, Sept./Dec. t984, p. 26-44)
Detailed account, based on oral histories, of the form, content, and functions of wakes (1900-48) in one Afro-Guyanese community. Analytic stress is placed on the ritual as organized satirical sanction and important method of local social control. In 1948, the legitimacy of the ritual declined and its form and content altered as it was successfully challenged by threatened "big people."852 Winti-teligie: een Afro-Surinaamse
godsdienst in Nederland. (Winti-religion: an Afro-Suiinamese religion in the Netherlands.) Edited by F.E.R. Derveld and Herman Noordegraaf. Amersfoort, The Netherlands: Horstink, 1988. 188 p.: bibl. (Godsdienst en samenleving)
Do not judge this book by its cover. Even though the title implies that the 12 contributors to this volume concentrate on Winti in The Netherlands, more than half of the text is devoted to this religious phenomenon in Suriname. [R. Hoefte]