Welcome to the Kewabi (Aliya) language Presentation…………..
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Transcript of Welcome to the Kewabi (Aliya) language Presentation…………..
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Welcome to the Kewabi (Aliya) language Presentation…………..
Mendi – Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea.
Wanpis Pokea, B/Ed Graduate, University of Goroka
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Introduction • The Kewabi (Aliya) language is one of the
small languages spoken in Papua New Guinea. • It is spoken by almost 1000 people living in
the remote parts of Southern Highlands Province, especially in the Kagua/ Erave electorate.
• This presentation will focus on the basic grammatical features of the Kewabi language including phonology, morphology and syntax.
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Source: Ethnologue.com
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• 1. Phonology• 1.1. Consonants The Kewabi language has the following consonants. / l/ as in lapo 'two' /m/ as in musa 'to lift it up' /k/ as in kalu 'head' /n/ as in mena 'pig' /p/ as in paita 'to sleep' /r/ as in rara 'medicine leaf' /w/ as in wasa 'to look for' /s/ as in papasi 'kinship term' /b/ as in banapa 'lets go' /d/ as in dia 'no'
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1.2. VowelsFRONT CENTRAL BACK
HIGH / i / ipa 'water'
/u/ musa ‘lift it up'
MID / ɛ / ame 'brother'
/o/ popo ‘steam’
LOW /e/ keke 'tongue' kebo ‘big'
/a/ apa ‘father’
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• 1.3. Length.• The vowels of monosyllabic words are
always phonetically long: –/saa/ ‘put it’, –/i/ ‘faeces’;– /o/ ‘scabs’; –/u/ ‘sleep’.
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1.4. Syllable structureIn the Kewabi language, the syllable patterns are V, VV, CV, and CVV.E.g. V u 'sleep' a.ka 'teeth' a.do.a 'to wait‘ VV ai.pa 'native salt‘,ai.na ‘related brothers’ CV pu 'go‘/Urine’ pi.ki 'center post' CVV pea 'to make' ka.mea 'to smell'
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• Stress• In the Kewabi language, different syllables can
be stressed. There is no fixed stress.• Examples;• 1st Syllable = pi-ra “ means sit down”• 2nd Syllable = la-me-ya ‘ means they being talking• Final Syllable = a-ne-pu-li ‘where are you going’?
1.5. Suprasegmentals (stress)
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2. Morphology• Kewabi morphemes can be divided into –Root morphemes; • e.g. anda ‘ to see’ (present tense)
–Derivational morpheme, • e.g. le-anda (eyeglass)
–Inflectional; • e.g. anda-lo ‘have seen’ (present
Perfect tense)
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• By far the most frequent types of affixes in Kewabi are prefixes and suffixes. – E.g. le-anda, anda-lo
• The Kewabi language does not have infixes, circumfixes or reduplication.
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3. Syntax 3.1. Verb classesThere are four verb classes in KewabiThe verb classes are determined by the shape of the V stem:
Class I: Va ada ‘to see’ Class II: Vla pola ‘to crack’ Class III: Vtya/Vra; patya ‘to sleep’
pira ‘to sit down’ •Class IV: Vaa rumaa ‘to distribute’
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•The Kewabi language has an SOV structure.ama nana ripinamother child hold S O V'the mother holds the child'
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Pronoun
number person gender
1. Personal pronouns
subject object Kewabi
singular
1st male/female I me Ni
2nd male/female you you Ne
3rd
male he him Nipi
female she her Nipi
plural
1st male/female we us Naa
2nd male/female you you Ne
3rd male/female/ they them Nimu
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number person gender
2. Possessive pronouns
subject object Possessive Kewabi
singular
1st male/female I me My/Mine Ni nei
2nd male/female you you yours Ne nei
3rd
male he him his Ipi nei
female she her hers Ipi nei
plural
1st male/female we us Ours Na nai
2nd male/female you you Yours Ne nai
3rd male/female/neuter they them Theirs Imu nei
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Tenses• There are four tenses in the dialect:
1. Present Tense• Na-lo. ‘I am eating.’
2. Future Tense• Na-lua ‘I will eat.’
3. Past Tenses
• Na-wo. ‘I just ate.’ immediate past tense
• Na-su. ‘I ate long time ago.’ remote past tense
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Numerals • The Kewabi language can be counted using
base -5 numeral system.• For example;• Numeral in English Translation in Kewabi• 1 ‘egali’ • 2 ‘lapo’• 3 ‘repo’• 4 ‘mala’• 5 ‘su’ • 6 ‘ki menda na egali’
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• 7 ‘ki menda na lapo’• 8 ‘ki menda na repo’• 9 ‘ki menda na mala’• 10 ‘ki lapo’• 11 ‘ki lapo na egali’• 12 ‘ki lapo na lapo’• 13 ‘ki lapo na repo’• 14 ‘ki lapo an mala’
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Conclusion The Kewabi (Aliya) language is too isolated, and
it has therefore not been described by any linguists.
More research needs to be done on the Kewabi language.
Referencehpp//www. Ethnologue.com
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• Thank you for yourattention!
• Any questions?