Welcome to Science 71 January 6, 2010 (#78) Need: Books/Notebooks.
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Transcript of Welcome to Science 71 January 6, 2010 (#78) Need: Books/Notebooks.
Welcome to Welcome to Science 71Science 71
January 6, 2010 (#78)January 6, 2010 (#78)
Need: Books/NotebooksNeed: Books/Notebooks
ObjectiveObjective Continue to Build a better Continue to Build a better
understanding of Electric and understanding of Electric and Magnetic Field behaviorsMagnetic Field behaviors
Describe the relationships among Describe the relationships among the three components of electricity.the three components of electricity.
Agenda Agenda – Based upon Priority– Based upon Priority Tesla Electricity Part 3 VideoTesla Electricity Part 3 Video Bell Work (Electric/Magnetic Field)Bell Work (Electric/Magnetic Field) #3, 4 Video on Oersted#3, 4 Video on Oersted Go Over C2 AnswersGo Over C2 Answers Work on Concept Layer Due FridayWork on Concept Layer Due Friday Go Over some new termsGo Over some new terms B2 Circuitry (Series and Parallel)B2 Circuitry (Series and Parallel) Quiz Repair if neededQuiz Repair if needed Vocabulary Puzzle (Show me UR Done)Vocabulary Puzzle (Show me UR Done)
Bell Work Bell Work Oersted Oersted ExperimentExperimentWhat happens when the compass and What happens when the compass and
electric wire were placed near each electric wire were placed near each other?other?
A.A.NothingNothing
B.B.The Compass needle movedThe Compass needle moved
C.C.The Compass needle spun The Compass needle spun constantlyconstantly
Bell workBell workWhat causes the compass to What causes the compass to
move?move?
A.A. Compass needle is Compass needle is attracted to metal in wireattracted to metal in wire
B.B. Compass needle is guided Compass needle is guided by Magnetic field of Earthby Magnetic field of Earth
C.C. Compass needle is guided Compass needle is guided by Magnetic field produced by Magnetic field produced by moving electronsby moving electrons
D.D. Not sureNot sure
Bell WorkBell Work
What effect does putting magnets What effect does putting magnets near electrical devices?near electrical devices?
A.A.Hard drives can be damagedHard drives can be damaged
B.B.VHS can be damagedVHS can be damaged
C.C.Credit cards can be damagedCredit cards can be damaged
D.D.TVs can be damagedTVs can be damaged
E.E.Compasses can be alteredCompasses can be altered
ResistanceResistance A measure of how A measure of how
difficult it is for difficult it is for electrons to flow in a electrons to flow in a material, unit of Ohms.material, unit of Ohms.
Light bulbs work off the Light bulbs work off the idea that there are so idea that there are so many electrons moving many electrons moving through such a small through such a small wire, there is friction, wire, there is friction, causing heat. High causing heat. High resistanceresistance
Resistance is related to length and thickness of wire!!!
Ohm’s LawOhm’s Law
Current (Current (II) = ) = Voltage (Voltage (VV) ) Resistance (Resistance (RR))
Ohm’s LawOhm’s Law
As the Voltage increases, As the Voltage increases, so does the currentso does the current
As the Resistance As the Resistance increases, the Current increases, the Current decreasesdecreases
Magnetic DomainsMagnetic Domains Most metals have Most metals have
domains that are domains that are randomly placedrandomly placed
Being magnetized Being magnetized arranges the domains arranges the domains into one directioninto one direction
Screw driver rubbed on a Screw driver rubbed on a magnet becomes magnet becomes magneticmagnetic
Circuit SymbolsCircuit Symbols
Lamp/Light bulbLamp/Light bulb
Battery CellBattery Cell
SwitchSwitch
ResistanceResistance
CircuitryCircuitry
A closed loop is A closed loop is considered a considered a Circuit.Circuit.
There are 2 types; There are 2 types; Series and ParallelSeries and Parallel
Series CircuitSeries Circuit Circuit arranged Circuit arranged
with resistance with resistance (Light bulbs) (Light bulbs) placed one after placed one after another in ONE another in ONE continuous loop continuous loop with a power with a power sourcesource
Lights will go out Lights will go out with one outwith one out
Parallel CircuitParallel Circuit Circuit arranged Circuit arranged
with resistances with resistances (light bulbs) placed (light bulbs) placed on connecting on connecting bridge wires.bridge wires.
Electricity will take Electricity will take the path of least the path of least resistanceresistance
Lights will remain on Lights will remain on with one outwith one out
GeneratorGenerator
A device that A device that can convert can convert kinetic energy kinetic energy into electrical into electrical energyenergy
Electric FieldElectric FieldSurrounds Surrounds every electric every electric charge and charge and exerts a force exerts a force (Magnetically)(Magnetically)
Effects of Electric FieldEffects of Electric Field Compass, Battery, Wires.Compass, Battery, Wires.
When electricity passes through the When electricity passes through the wires, electrons are moving. This wires, electrons are moving. This moving electric charge creates a moving electric charge creates a magnetic fieldmagnetic field
This field can interact with the magnetic This field can interact with the magnetic field of the compassfield of the compass
Right hand ruleRight hand rule Compass VideosCompass Videos
Electric DischargeElectric Discharge The rapid The rapid
movement of movement of excess charge excess charge from one point to from one point to another.another.
Page 13Page 13 Read statements Read statements
under picturesunder pictures
GroundingGrounding Process by which Process by which
a path is created a path is created from an area of from an area of potential electric potential electric discharge and discharge and directed into the directed into the ground (Earth)ground (Earth)
Look around Look around house.house.
Electric CurrentElectric Current Flow of electric Flow of electric
charge charge In solids, flow is In solids, flow is
electronselectrons In liquids, flow is In liquids, flow is
Ions Ions
DC (Batteries)DC (Batteries) AC (Generators)AC (Generators)
Direct Current (DC)
Alternating Current (AC)
Bell WorkBell Work
Which type of Electric Current do you Which type of Electric Current do you think flows out of the sockets in your think flows out of the sockets in your house?house?
A. ACA. ACB. DCB. DC
C. Not sureC. Not sure
Atoms are Atoms are comprised of comprised of Electrons and Electrons and Protons, and most Protons, and most times Neutrons.times Neutrons.
Nucleus held Nucleus held together by Strong together by Strong Nuclear ForceNuclear Force
Protons=(+)Protons=(+) Electrons=(-)Electrons=(-) Neutrons = (Neutrons = (
What level is Electricity?What level is Electricity?Hierarchy of MatterHierarchy of Matter
-Compound or Pure Substance-Compound or Pure Substance
-Molecule-Molecule
-Atomic Level (Atoms) (Electricity)-Atomic Level (Atoms) (Electricity)
-Sub Atomic (-Sub Atomic (Protons, Neutrons, Protons, Neutrons,
ElectronsElectrons))
-Quarks-Quarks
-Strings (Energy)-Strings (Energy)
AttractionAttraction
Materials that are opposite = attractMaterials that are opposite = attract
Materials that are like = repelMaterials that are like = repel
Static Electricity – Is a build up of Electrons Charge from atoms.Static Electricity – Is a build up of Electrons Charge from atoms.
Vocabulary ExtraVocabulary Extra Nissan LEAFNissan LEAF
11stst mass produced all electric capable car. mass produced all electric capable car. 100 miles per charge100 miles per charge 90 mph90 mph
26 minutes (80% charge FAST CHARGE)26 minutes (80% charge FAST CHARGE) 4-8 hours (100% 220V)4-8 hours (100% 220V) 16-18 hours (100% 110V)16-18 hours (100% 110V)
Nissan's Leaf Claims 367 MPG - Is It Better Nissan's Leaf Claims 367 MPG - Is It Better Than The Chevy Volt?Than The Chevy Volt?
Q:Since the Leaf solely runs on electricity, would charging from home dramatically increase my Q:Since the Leaf solely runs on electricity, would charging from home dramatically increase my electricity bill?electricity bill?
A:Based on a US average of $0.11/kWh, a full charge will cost about $2.75. It could be even A:Based on a US average of $0.11/kWh, a full charge will cost about $2.75. It could be even less, if your area has time-of-use rates and you charge at off-peak hours. less, if your area has time-of-use rates and you charge at off-peak hours.
Q:How much performance will be lost when battery is drained? Would I have to crawl my last 25 Q:How much performance will be lost when battery is drained? Would I have to crawl my last 25 miles? My electric drill does that.miles? My electric drill does that.
A:To help you reach a charge point, the LEAF will change its output to extend your range when A:To help you reach a charge point, the LEAF will change its output to extend your range when the battery gets low.the battery gets low.
Q:its great to cut down on vehicle emissions, but shouldn't i worry about the power plant used to Q:its great to cut down on vehicle emissions, but shouldn't i worry about the power plant used to generate the electricity too generate the electricity too
A:Even in its dirtiest form, the grid is 60% cleaner than gas. And it will get cleaner over time, A:Even in its dirtiest form, the grid is 60% cleaner than gas. And it will get cleaner over time, unlike gas. unlike gas.
Vocabulary Puzzle HelpVocabulary Puzzle Help IonIon
An atom that is positively or negatively An atom that is positively or negatively charged.charged.
Charged b/c the total number of electrons is Charged b/c the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protonsnot equal to the total number of protons
Sodium becomesSodium becomes
Positive by losingPositive by losing
An electron.An electron.
To be balanced it To be balanced it
Needs a negativeNeeds a negative
Electron.Electron.
Rules and NamesRules and Names
An anion (An anion (an-eye-onan-eye-on), from the Greek word ), from the Greek word ἀνά (ἀνά (anaana), meaning 'up', is an ion with more ), meaning 'up', is an ion with more electrons than protons, giving it a net electrons than protons, giving it a net negative charge (since electrons are negative charge (since electrons are negatively charged and protons are negatively charged and protons are positively charged).positively charged).
Conversely, a cation (pronounced /ˈkætaɪən/; Conversely, a cation (pronounced /ˈkætaɪən/; cat-eye-oncat-eye-on), from the Greek word κατά (), from the Greek word κατά (katakata), ), meaning 'down', is an ion with more protons meaning 'down', is an ion with more protons than electrons.than electrons.
Ionic BondingIonic Bonding
When two atoms can share their non-filled When two atoms can share their non-filled shells, they can be attracted and bondedshells, they can be attracted and bonded
VoltageVoltage A measure of the amount of electrical potential A measure of the amount of electrical potential
energy an electron flowing in a circuit can gain, in energy an electron flowing in a circuit can gain, in voltsvolts
As you can see, the voltage is like a piston which As you can see, the voltage is like a piston which pushes the "fluid" through a pipe.pushes the "fluid" through a pipe.