Welcome to our new course…

GRAMATIKA ENGLESKOG JEZIKA 2

Now, let’s get on with our business…

EXERCIESES and some teeny-weeny bits of THEORYWhy theory?Because the lecture was a week ago.

ADJECTIVES AND THE AP

PRACTICE CLASS #12012-02-28

FUNCTION (syntactic function – their function in the sentence)

PARADIGM – adjectives can be compared

ADJECTIVE PHRASESgeneral characteristics

syntactic functions of adjectives

DEPENDENT INDEPENDENT

DEPENDENT FUNCTION = ATTRIBUTIVE FUNCTIONAdjective Phrase is a PART OF ANOTHER PHRASE, i.e. a part of the NP, its function is to modify the meaning of the HEAD NOUN.• Typically, an attributive adjective follows the determiner and precedes the noun: NP[a AP[very beautiful] painting] or NP[an AP[expensive] gift]• However, in some cases the adjective follows the HEAD NOUN: NP[somebody AP[important]] or NP[secretary AP[general]]

INDEPENDENT FUNCTION = PREDICATIVE FUNCTIONAdjective Phrase has an INDEPENDENT FUNCTION IN THE SENTENCE, i.e. it functions as s SENTENCE ELEMENT.Cs – subject complement: That painting is AP[very beautiful].Co – object complement: He made his parents AP[proud].

The policeman kicked the door AP[open].

ADJECTIVE PHRASE is a phrase which has an adjective as its head, but it need not only contain the head.

TWO TYPES of complex adjective phrases:◦ APs with PREMODIFICATION:

AP=Adj e.g. intelligentAP=Adv+Adj e.g. very intelligentAP=Adj+Adv e.g. intelligent enough, intelligent enough

◦ APs with COMPLEMENTATION:AP=Adj+PP e.g. intelligent beyond your expectationsAP=Adj+Clnon-fine.g. intelligent enough to quit that jobAP=Adj+Clfin e.g. certain that he will succeed

FORMS OF THE ADJECTIVE PHRASE

PAGE 103 – exercise 1 (a, b, c)

ADV HEAD

HEAD ADV Clause – non-finite

HEAD + Clause – non-finite = discontinuous AP

[ ][ ]

PAGE 103 – exercise 1 (d, e, f)

NO APs IN d) !!! Yippee!!!

HEAD

NO APs IN e) either!!! Yippee-ki-yay!!!

PAGE 103 – exercise 1 (g, h, i)

ADV HEAD PP

ADV HEAD PP

HEAD PP

PAGE 103 – exercise 1 (j)HEAD ADV HEAD Clause-NF

PAGE 103 – exercise 1 (k,l,m)

ADV HEAD PP PP

HEAD Clause – non-finite

[ ][ ]

ADV HEAD Clause - finite

PAGE 103 – exercise 1 (n,o,q,r)

HEAD ADV Clause – non-finite[ ][ ] ADV HEAD

ADV HEAD

ADV HEAD

PAGE 103 – exercise 2 (a-d)predicative: Cs – subject complement

predicative: Co – object complement

attributive function – modifies SOMETHING

attributive function

attributive function

PAGE 103 – exercise 2 (e-h)predicative: Cs – subject complement

attributive function

predicative: Co – object complement

attributive function

PAGE 105 – exercise 8TO

ABOUT

OF

WITHON/UPON

WITHTO

TOOF

ABOUT

AT / BY FROM

PAGE 106 – exercise 9

I am certain that there will be no more wars.

We are not sure yet if / whether / that we will be able to come to the party.

It is essential that you have complete trust in us.

We are delighted that you have received us so magnificently.

PREMODIFYING POSITION = typical position of attributive adjectives in NPs

MANY ADJECTIVES CAN CO-OCCUR IN THIS POSITION

4. POSITION OF ADJECTIVES IN NPs4.1. Premodifying adjectives (pg. 95)

THE ORDER OF ADJECTIVES IN THE PRMODIFYING POSITION IS FIXED.

WHAT IS THEIRRELATIVE ORDER?

PREMODIFYING ADJECTIVES

subjective measure

objective measure

general size shape age color participle origin material

modifying noun

Beautiful/interesting large round old red French wooden coffee table

PAGE 104 – exercise 5

a lovely red Japanese fountain-pen

a cheap flat black leather walleta small blue German hair-drier

a round white Italian china table-lamp

an awful Egyptian copper coffee-seta peaceful little Belgian city

funny red nylon swimming-trunks

old red embroidered leather slippers

ADJ (subjective, objective (general, size, shape, age, color, participle, origin, material)), noun + HEAD NOUN

PAGE 105 – exercise 6

a responsible girl / the person responsible

…the students present…/ …those absent….

her late husband / …wasn’t conscious… / conscious effort

…all the people involved…/ involved inquiry

PAGE 103 – exercise 7

Is this an easy camera to use?

His was too strong an argument to be expressed in public.

It is big enough a house for two families to live in.

I need as big a table as possible.

THE ENDActually, to be continued…