Welcome to My Posterous Web Site

8/14/2019 Welcome to My Posterous Web Site

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Welcome to myPosterous Web Site

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Welcome to my web site

I was 72 years old when this picture was taken. My life as amateur telescopemaker had come to an end, and my life as a retired person had started five yearsbefore. The 10 telescope (picture) in the middle has got its permanent place inmy cottage 40 km away on Norways southcoast. Here we can meet a spectacularsight of myriades of stars on a clear,nightly sky in august and september. In

the city Skien where i live , the Milky Wayis a seldom sight, due to the disturbancefrom all light and pollutions fromenvironment. For me is astronomy stillmighty and facinating, and marvellouspictures from space , thanks to the Hubbletelescope, still keeps my curiosity andpleasure alive.

1. My private life

2. My 42 years in chem. research

3. Machine tools making was my hobby

4. Counting particles from space

5. My way to 180 000 volts

6. Making a Stirling engine

7. Antigravity in my basement

8. Grandfathers experiment

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My private life

I lost my dear Elin in august 1998. I am 83 years old, living alone in my own

house, together with a beatiful cat . My son Kjell Erik and his wife Ingvil hassettled in Molde, a city about 600 km north of Skien. They have both theirphysiotherapy education, partly working in their trade, partly in school-andhealth department in Molde.

My three grandchildren Silje(28) sa (25) and Erlend (23 ) are still goingthrough their respective studies at NTNU (Norwegian Technical Nature-scientific University, NTNU) in the city Trondheim.

We keep in good contact with e-mails and phone calls, and I get visitsfrom them as often their jobs and studies allow. Their vacations insummer time is often used to visit our woderful cottage , laying only 100meters from the seaside, with a magnific view out on the ocean. And itsonly 40 minutes car driving from my home. Take a look :

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Alow me to present my family

This is my son Kjell Erik Tveten, b 16.febr.1956

After his physiotherapy study in Bergen, he hascompleted his education with Health Science asMajor Subject.He works as independent physioterapeut , andhas even a function as Teaching Supervisor atMolde High Scool, Health Division.

This is my daughterin-law Ingvil Grytli, b 25.des.1956

After her physiotherapi study in Bergen, she workspartly as physiotherapeut, partly as People HealthCoordinator in Molde.For the time she has started to complete hereducation. Her final goal is a Master Degree , at thePeople Health Academy in Gteborg.

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This is my grandchild Silje Grytli Tveten, b

19.july 1981

Silje has studiet and worked with GraphicDesign, has been Art Director for UKAO 7by NTNU in Trondheim, and completed atend of 2009 her master degree incommunication- and informationtechnology at NTNU in Trondheim,concerning Establishing of a modernmuseum, a case study of Rockheim in

Trondheim

This is my granschild sa Grytli Tveten, b2.april 1984

sa has been through the Sivil Engineer Studyat NTNU in Trondheim, Energy and Environ-ment as major subjects. She has been avtivein ISFiT and student revy EMIL, andreturned later from a years stydy at InstitutoSuperior Tchnico in Lisboa. She completedher master degree on the theme OffshoreWind Electricity Generation in Scandinavia in

2009.

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This is my grandchild Erlend Grytli Tveten, b26 .september 1986

Erlend goes through the Sivil Engineer Study atNTNU in Trondheim, for the time NanoTechnology. Earlier he studied Physics ansMathematics, and even Music Technology. Hehad been very active in The Students Radio, intheir program Unillustrated Science. He plansto take his master degree in his last semester,but then in Kbenhavn.

T ime has come to present myself, born11.october 1925

Concerning my CV, just take a look in thenext section !

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My 42 years in Norsk HydrosResearch Center at Herya

After grammar school in Porsgrunn in 1944, I performed my militaryservice for a year. and after thist, I had a three semesters education atStockholms Tekniska Institut, Kemiteknisk Fackavdeling in 1948-49. Imade an application for a job at Norsk Hydros Resarch Center early in1950, got an employment and startet my carrier on the 1. april 1950.First task was a practicability study of the Kroll process for the productionof a pure quality of titanium tetrachloride, based on the use of norwegianIlmenitt as a raw material for production of the intermediate product,liquid titanium tetracloride.Few years earlier the production of magnesium metal had startet in NorskHydro. Gradually I was involved in this prosess on the raw-material side,namely dolomit and sea water, where several problems needed bettersolutions. Step by step I moved forwards in the process link, trying to findbest solutions in the pellet production, where a mixture of fine powderedmagnesium oxide was mixed with fine powdered pit coal, added amagnesium chloride solution and forming hardening pellet. These weredried and chlorinated, and a molt of liquid (600 C ) magnesium chloridecould be tapped and lead to electrolyse baths for the produvtion ofmetallic magnesium. A very tough and contaminating process, creating alot of environmental problems, with emissions of i.a. mercury anddioxines.A completely new and much cleaner process was under developing at theResearch Center, where the Mg raw material was waste magnesium-chloride brine from Kali Salz, Germany. We developed a brine cleaningprocess in pilot plant, and a prosess for concentrating the purified brineby using a vertical tube stock evaporator. This hot brine at ca. 200 C wassprayed, first by nozzles, later in a special constructed sentrifuge. The socalled prills were dried in a fluid bed,and transportet as waterfreemagneslim chloride granules to the electrolysis baths.This so called Brine Process was then realized in a new plant. After somestartup problems the regular production was a fact i 1980, providing 40 %

of the total metal production.The Brine Process had great environmental advantages, and initial plansfor building a large plant in Canada was evaluated in 1987. This plant wasdimentionated for a yearly production of 60 000 tons Mg metal, and westarted a comprehensive work on estimations, calculations andcomputations. The Mg-raw material this time was not a brine, butChinese Magnesitt rock (magnesium carbonate), which would be dissolvedin concentrated hydrochloric acid to achieve the primary brine.

For me this involved a lot of pilot plant investigations, including not only

the chinese magnesite, but a lot of other imaginable qualities from otherplaces, all around the world.

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The place for the plant became Becancour, close to the St.Lawrence river.Due to several unlycky circumstances, such as a duty protection fra USA,a serious budget overrun occured. Nevertheless, the plant was startetand produced magnesium metal as anticipated.

But competition with cheap magnseium from numberless of dirty, badlycontaminating backyard-plants in China became a too heavy burden forour new and environmentally friendly plant, and the whole plant was shutdown in 2007. Magnesium production at Herya had long since beenstopped, This happened on 25.october 2001, and about 600 persons losttheir jobs. The cause : Profitability was too low they said, and ourgeneral manager Erling Reiten in Norsk Hydro was no longer a popularperson for us.

On the 29. october 1992 my engagement in Norsk Hydros Research

Center ended, I was 67 years old, and my retirement was a matter of fact.

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The magnesium plant in Becancour

Machine tools making was my hobby

When the house was ready for my familyssentry in 1966 and we startet our new way ofliving, the basement stood there, almostempty. A tempting challenge for investmentsin different kinds of machine tools could be afuture goal, but strict economy did not allow

for expences of that kind for many years. Sowhat to do ?The answer was of course to build thosemachines by myself, and so it started. I dontremember what came first, I guess it was theband saw (1974) but not quite sure. Anyhow,new machines showed up year after year,andpossibilities for fine wood-working in my littlebasement workshop increased . Many kinds offurniture for home and cottage in selected

woods was performed, to great satisfaction formy wife, sometimes for my son and of coursefor my self !

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Next machine was possibly the turning lathe for metals , giving later a lotmore of applacability when a frequency convertor was installed for precisecontrol of rotation speed.

A thicknesser ( 1985) was the next step , I suppose.This one has become a quite irreplaceable machine toget plane surfaces out of sawn wood. And even thedeep sound from this machine is like a professionalone.

I love her !

Next step got the name long saw .(1988)

It has rolling support, high speed blade,and cuts almost everything, such ascoarce planks, all kinds of plastics, thickaluminium an even magnesium. Ironand steel is not recommended, due tohigh blade speed.

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And not to forget theappliceable turning lathe forwood (1983) For many yearsturning of bowls was anengaging hobby, and more than

fifty bowls of unlike dimensjons,design and wood type werecreated her, most of them asgifts for happenings.

Counting particles from space

In Scientific American, febr. 2001 Shawn Carlson gave a description forhow to build what he called a cosmic ray telescope. By using two home-made, identical Geiger-Mller detectors, and using what is called acoincidence coupling, it was possible to find the direction for particles thathad passed both detectors, i.e. a kind of a telescope for ionizing particles.I got a spontaneous interest, this has to be tried !

Building two identical detectors caused problems, evacuating and argonfilling too, but the necessary high voltage equipment (1500 v) gave lessproblems. Cosmic particles from above orradiation from small pieces of Uraninit or Thoritwas no problem, soI had plenty of ionizing particles accessible.

But no pulses from the detectors could beregistered, neither directly nor from thecoincidence circuit. A long series of homemadetubular GM-tubes were built and tried, but noresponse. What to do now ? A good friendloaned me a GM tube, and I happily observedthat my electronic circuits functioned quitewell.I had to resignate, GM tubes must bepurchased from some where. On Internet I

found that Centronic Ltd. (Radiation DetectorsDivision) in England had just the type i

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needed, and from their Mike Bates I got a kindly e-mail , telling me aboutthe complicated procedures for producing relieable GM-tubes. Iimmediately ordered two GM-tubes ( ZP 1210), for a total price of No kr.2629,-.(about 260,-)

The GM-tubes were mounted on a plawood sheet, in a distance about 60cm. They could be turned around an axis parallell to the axis of the earth.A pulse counter (Velleman building kit) was incorporated, andarrangements for amplifying and letting the coincident pulses from theGM-tubes move the membrane of a small speaker, connected to a ballpen, writing a curve on a rotating drum plotter (1 rot. per day)

N ow everything worked just as expected.

A serial of systematic observations started, a timer put inn particlecounting 4 min every hour, and so I let it go, day after day. After ascrutiny of all the data I had achieved, I had to realize the following : Anyspesific tendenses could not be unfolded !Variations on direction for incoming coincident particles at moment timehad seemingly no effect on particle rate.Particle presence at any time of the day had seemingly no kind ofincidental system, in my opinion it all looked arbitrary.

Not very uplifting for me !

The explanation turned up gradually: The cosmic proton particles colllideswith our atmosphere, creating series of secondary particles. Among theseare positive and negativer muons, beeing detectable at ground level.

The figure shows what happens :

The (yellow) muons are what I detected .They come in from unlike directions, givingno identification of incomig cosmic particlesdirection.

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acccidents was often mentioned. Many people believe that due to the highfrequenc the current would only pass the skin of a human beeing, notgiving any harm. The truth is not so. The high frequence produced byhome made tesla generators will always have a low frequent componentdue to the use of a so called OBIT-transformer

(Oil Burning Ignition Transformer) , giving the wanted starting voltage from the house mains net.

The term tesla comes from the hungarian-americaninventor Nicola Tesla (1857-1943). He developedthe tesla transformer, the transformation of highvoltage, 3-phase elctricity over long distances iscredited Tesla and a long series of other inventions.

He was a genius of his kind, and the use, all overthe world of 3-phase motors from small to thebiggest was his greatest contribution to theelectrification of our civilization.Litt.: : The inventions, researches and writings ofNicolai Tesla , Thomas Commerford Martin, 1995.

Diagram for a simple tesla generator.

The OBIT transformer is the mains xfmr, nomallydelivering 10 000 volts from its secondary coil. Sparks willarise between a circular group of copper tubes. I used 7tubes with 28 mm outher diam. and 70 mm length.Thespacing between tubes are 0.6-0.8 mm. During operationsparks will fill all these gaps, creating problematic heath.The construction with sparks distributed over 40 cm lenght

of copper tubes solves this problem.

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Cap is a high voltage condenser. Different principles for such condensersare possible, but the simples way for home building is to fill

common bottles (redwine bottles, 700 ml are very fine) with a sodiumchloride solution, putting in a steel rod in the solution and seal the outlet,

and gluing aluminium foil to the outer side of the bottle.

The capacity for such a condenser will be about 0.8 nF. In my case Icoupled 5 bottles in parallell, and measured the total capacity to be 4.2nF. Prim is primary coil in the diagram.

A very covnvenient design is shown here :

The coil was made og 6.5 mm diam.() copper tube.

For maximum transferred effect from primary to secondary coil it is crucialthat frequency for these coils are as close as possible.

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Arrangement for testing ofresonnans frequency for theprimary circuit.

A calculation of self inductance for the coils I used will be given here :

The angle is 30 h= 11.5 cm (4.52) W= mean.diam = R+w = (7.5 + 20/2 = 17.5cm (6.9) n = 12 windings Calculated self induction (L) in H (mikrohenry).

Lv = 6.92 x 122 / ( 9x6.9 + 10x 4.52) = 6856 / 107.3 = 63.8 H

Lh = 6.92 x 122 / (8 x 6.9 + 11x 6.9) = 6856 / 131.5 = 52.3 H

L = sqr(( Lv x sin )2 + ( Lh x cos )

2) = sqr ( 1017.6 + 2051) = 55.4 H

Resonnance freequency for my coil with a 4.2 nF (4200 pF) condenserwill be :

f= 103 / 2 sqr ( 55.4 x 4200) = 1000 / 6.28 x 464.6 = 0.343 ): 330 KHz

The vertical coil is the secondary in this system. Its self induction iwascalculated as shown here :

L = h x n2 / 100 ( 10.0 + 0.43) = 7.6 x 9502 / 100 x 10.43 = 6576 H eller 6.58 mH.

The toroid at the top was later eplaced by a

closed, 12 liters aluminium pot. The coil hasouther diameter of 7.6 cm, height 76 cm and950 windings. The ratio between windingheight and coil diameter is her 76/7.6 = 10.

The surface area of the coil was calculated as shown here :

Ox = (7.6 x x 950 x 0.08 x ) = 5695 cm2. (wire gauge 0.8 mm diam.)

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In practice only half of the vindings surface is estimate as capacity-giving. The area of asphere with the area (5695/2=) 2847 cm2 has a radius of r= sqr ( 2847/ 4 =) 15 cm.Converted to capacity this will be (15/0.9=) 16.7 pF

Capacity for the big pot :

Total outher surface was 3234 cm2, which is eqivvalent to a sphere with a radius :sqr(3234/ 4 =) 16 cm. Converted to capacity this is (16/ 0.9=) 17.8 pF.

Total capacity in the sec. circuit is ( 16.6 + 17.8 =) 34.5 pF

A calculation on the resonans frequency in the sec. circuit gives:

f= 103 / 2 sqr ( 6576 x 35.4 ) = 1000 / 6.28 x 482.5 = 0.330 ): 330 KHz

So far was my calculated resonans frequency for prim. and sec. circuitsexactly the same, giving high hopes for optimal results .

Well, I albeit met some trouble. The spark lengt was only 5-6 cm, correspondingto 50-60 000 volts. I felt there was room for higher potensials, and planned amore serious investigation. With good advices and support from my good friendOttar, the following equipment was acquired :

A funcion generator (Voltcraft MXG-9802A , Ebay) PC scope from Velleman (PCS 64) An old computer (IBM Aptiva, bought in 1994)

The procedure for my measurements was as follows :

I made two loops (a single turn isolated wire) , andhang them up around the vertical, secondary coil. Thelower one was connected to the function generator,the upper to the PC-scope, which in turn wasconnected to the computor. Distance between theloops was seemingly not critical. The frequency was

gradually endered/increased, and the amplitude Iregistered on the screen gave a fine view of the signal.When a resonans occured, an increased amplitud couldclearly be seen.

The resonans frequency i found here was measured tobe 328 KHz , in very good harmony to my previouscalculations. I got sparks about 16 cm length, i.e.about 160 000 volts.Raising the mains voltage from 230 to 250 volte gavea spark lengt of 18 cm, corresponding to 180 000 volts.

The picture shows how my Tesla generator looks today in activity. Not so veryimpressive, but I promise you, the spark is highly dangerous to touch. It spark

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has a sharp, hissing sound, and the smoke detector is affected, makingadditional noise in my basement.

Perhaps it could be funny to enlarge to higher tensions and getting more showout of it, but my basement headrom is only 210 cm. No place for suchadventures for me.

Tesla-nerds in USA use big garages and halls to try out their large vonders, andfind it very amusing taking pictures beeing in the midst of their impressivesparks . But such pictures are of course double-exposured !

Making a Stirling Engine

The Stirling engineis a heat enginewhose heat-excangeprocess allows fornear ideal efficencyin conversion of

heat into mechanicalmovement RobertStirling ( 1790-1878) was theinventor.At the end of the20th century therewas worldwideabout 250 000Sterling engines in use. Today, with with growing ecological conscience

and ever-rising fuel costs, the undemanding and quiet Stirking engine isattracting renewed interest.

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Take a look at the diagram given, the Stirling motor principle is quitesimple ,isn it ?

I found lots of detailed descriptions about practical solutions on Internet,

also showing a great diversity of constructions. Juste take look below :

The most simple and funn y version is perhaps the Coffe-cup :

The amateur built version looks oftensomething like this :

--

and a proffesional one looks like this

Stirling engine and generator set with 55 kW electrical output, forcombined heat and power applications.

What a challenge for me ! This had to be tried, no doubt about it !

The simplest version was nothing for me. A more advanced one could bethe best choise, and I started my planning. I will not bother you with all

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details and problems i met on my way. Plenty of them popped up in myconstruction, but gradually the engine got its ultimate form, and time wasready for a startup.But Im sorry, I never succeded getting my engine to function,whatever Itried to adjust and regulate. But believe me, I

was very,very close up to success. The enginemade 3-4 strokes, so it died, time and again .

What was the reason for my blunder?Probably a little too small diameters to overcomethe frictions between sealing devices in myelegant construction.When piston-cylinder diameter increases with afactor of 2, the steam-exposed area on pistonswill increase with a factor of 4 , and so also

necessary force to overcome friction due tosealing devices.The contact surface between piston and cylinderwill only increase with a factor of 2, letting forcesfor moving pistons up and down to increase witha factor of 2. Totally this means a doubling offorces to overcome the friction. Hope Im right !

Antigravity in my basementI guess everybody has felt some fascination looking at a spinning,humming top, quite unaffected rotating in its own way, seemingly havingits own meaning of how to behave when you try to affect its stubbornbehavier. In a physics book you could find an explanation for thisphenomena like this :

When trying to affect the spinning, the axis of a gyroscope will make amovement perpendicular to the moment , trying to get its own spinningaxis parallell to the moment This cleared up everything, didnt it ?

The gyroeffect comes into our lives in a lot of occations. In bicycling itallows you to drop the handbars and still keep the balance, provided thespeed is suficcient. Apropos the bicycle, a wheel of this is the best to usefor getting feelings of the sinister forces in gyroeffect.If you mount a handle at the outstanding axis on one side, takes a godgrip and put the wheel in quick rotation with your arm outstretched,curious things happen. If you turn around your own axis, one of twothings happen : Either will your arm be drawn down, or it will be liftet up.Which way depends of the direction you turn around.

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When i obeserved this phenomena, I got an ingeious id :

Give me two such wheels, one for each arm, and let me turn around myown axis, both arms outstanding. Either I will feeel a lift of my body, orfeel my body beeing pressed down, dependent on the way of rotation.

Standing on a short, motor rotated bench with a steady foothold, andcorrect turning direction for wheels and myself, I should feel a lifting forceupon my body ! And what if I let a rack take over my place, and put inthree motors for wheels and rack rotation ?

Could such a system rise from the floor ? Yes. it had to, no question !This impossible trick, lifting oneself up in the hair was within rich, and thephysical laws for gravity had to be justified. The feeling of this possibilitygave me a feeling of both delight and freight. What to do next ?

Shortly after i read in New Scientist 20. oct. 1990 under the sectionReview, with the title : Gyroscopes remain the strangest of attractors, anda newly published book Beyond 2001, Thelaw of physics revolutionized,written by an englishman, Sandy Kidd.immediately ordered this book, waitingimpatient for the book to come. Withshivering hands i opened it and startedreading.Kidd describes how he got his idea, building

a machine to develop gravity forces, able tolift itself up in the air. His book had nodrawings or pictures of his invention. Theonly thing to observe was on the cover ofthis book, shown here.

His principle was seemingly exactly the same as I had in my thoughts,namely two quick rotating flywheels, spinning around a common, verticalaxis. Kidds machine had a height of about 30 cm (one foot), and had asmall gasoline motor. In the first part of his book he gives a description of

what happened in his garage when he for the first time should start up hismachine. He had locked the door, wished his wife good night, and shesaid to him : Youve nothing to loose, Go on.His machine was hanged upp with spanners as balancing counterweights,and Kidd started the motor. The rotational speed could be regulated bythe trottle, and the max.speed was about 9000 rpm. He increased thespeed, step by step. What Kidd now experienced gave him a creepyfeeling. His machine suddenly startet to arise to a certain level with awail, fully challenging gravity. Kidd loosened spans, one by one, unil hehad removed about 250 g (8 ounches) Then his machine started to lower.

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Kidds efforts for getting help for explanation and further development iswell described in his book, but no person, even highly qualified in physicscould give him any satisfactory explanation of his adventure.

The interest for realizating my own idea was

further strengtened, but in quite a differentway than Kidd did. My two bicycle wheels wasof course used, beeing turned around byidentical sewing- machine motors. A third,some stronger motor turned the whole systemaround. Speed of motors could to some extentbe regulated. And my big clue was :

The machinery rested on three bathroomscales !

Would I get a glimpse into the mysteriousgyroscopic heaven like Kidd, or would it all go down to the dogs ?Ill tell you this now :

I startet the wheels, got them spinning with moderate shaking. Liftingforces were still lying in wait. So motor C was gently started, continiouslyviewing my bathroom scales. The machinery began shaking, and thereading on scales became more and more blurred. The vertical axis

speed increased, and gradually I felt that a formidable crasch might occurat any moment. The scales was impossible to read off, due to thevibrations. Of cours I colud let the whole ting go on to the bitter end, andexperienced a horrible and complete crash, but instead I resignated andstopped the show.Later on I have done some philosophy around these events. For the first:

Had Kidd in his garage really observed what he describes ? Was it only free fantasy, or somerhing he only believed happened ? If he told the truth, why couldnt he later reproduce his experiment

I find no reason to doubt when he tells about qualified persons tatements,that no one were able to disprove his observations.

Kidd wrote about it : the device gave a final, excrutiating howl andglided upwards until it howered three inches above the worktopHe writed later the following : perhaps it had someting with harmonicresonans in the system to do .

PerhapsKidds machine operated in a border land of physics when his

machine suddenly rised.

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At least two things lacks:

A physical/matematic theory that could calculate necessaryspeed and material strength thats necessary.

The choise of right materials, shape /construction .

My own philosophy : Only a spinning giro can show us the right way togo, regardless to its surroundings. . They never mistakes in their strangeco-operation with the inner structure of the universe, because their forces

are part of it.

Did you ask what happened to my machine ? Sorry, it was disassambled,and no pictures was taken. Probably I felt a kind of shame. A picture ofthe sewing motors on the light-metal construction was however taken :

Skien, 21. mars 2009

Kjell W. Tveten

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