The Marianas Islands : Discovery and Populations 1866 [translation from Spanish]
Welcome to Molecular Biology Through Discovery Tuesday, 15 October 2013 Translation
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Transcript of Welcome to Molecular Biology Through Discovery Tuesday, 15 October 2013 Translation
Welcome toMolecular Biology Through Discovery
Tuesday, 15 October 2013Translation
Information+
Self-assembly
Structure+
Function
DNA
CGACCATCGCCTTAGTAC
Protein
SQ6: How do you respond to. . .
AlexanderDounce
. . . infinite regress
SQ6: How does protein synthesis avoid infinite regress?
SQ6: How does protein synthesis avoid infinite regress?
SQ6: How does protein synthesis avoid infinite regress?
What ideas underlie this scheme?
AlexanderDounce
SQ6: How does protein synthesis avoid infinite regress?
SQ5: Evidence that proteins are linear?
Sanger and Tuppy (1951)
SQ6: What are the S-S links mentioned by Crick?
Evidence that DNA is linear?
SQ6: How does protein synthesis avoid infinite regress?
I don't fully understand the different kinds of genetic code. How would the ribosome know what is overlapping and what is not?
Mechanism?
Types of Codes
Study Question 1:
Study Question 2:
Study Question 3:
Study Question 4:
. . .
7 students in class
1456
36
247
34
How to keep track of which student wants what questions?
Study Question 1:
Study Question 2:
Study Question 3:
Study Question 4:
. . .
19 students in class
4612
How to keep track of which student wants what questions?
4 6 1 2?
4 6 12?
Types of Codes
Study Question 1:
Study Question 2:
Study Question 3:
Study Question 4:
. . .
19 students in class
4,6,12
How to keep track of which student wants what questions?
Variable length code with commas
Types of Codes
Study Question 1:
Study Question 2:
Study Question 3:
Study Question 4:
. . .
19 students in class
040612
How to keep track of which student wants what questions?
Fixed length, 2-digit code
Types of Codes
Study Question 1:
Study Question 2:
Study Question 3:
Study Question 4:
. . .
200 students in class
How to keep track of which student wants what questions?
Fixed length, 3-digit code
004106128 201
Degenerate or nondegenerate?
What kind of code?
Types of Codes
Length?
Degenerate or nondegenerate?
What kind of code?
Types of Codes
SQ18. The Morse Code uses only two symbols (short, long), yet it can specify each of the 26 letters of the English alphabet. How many symbols do you predict must be used to represent one letter?
CodonsAAAAACAAGAAUACAACCACG. . .
UUAUUCUUGUUU
Amino acidsalaninearginine
asparagineaspartatecysteine
glutamateglutamine
glycinehistidine
isoleucineleucine
. . .
ACCGUACACUUAGGGCGAU
mRNA
64 codons 20 amino acids
Fixed-length?Variable-length?
Degenerate?Non-degenerate?
Types of Codes
CodonsAAAAACAAGAAUACAACCACG. . .
UUAUUCUUGUUU
Amino acidsalaninearginine
asparagineaspartatecysteine
glutamateglutamine
glycinehistidine
isoleucineleucine
. . .
64 codons 20 amino acids
Types of Codes
Types of CodesOverlapping or not?
Types of CodesOverlapping or not?
Types of CodesOverlapping or not?
Types of CodesOverlapping or not?
Types of CodesOverlapping or not?
Types of CodesOverlapping or not?
Types of CodesOverlapping or not?
Types of CodesOverlapping or not?
Types of CodesOverlapping or not?
Types of CodesOverlapping or not?
Possible?SQ23. Consider the codon AGC in an overlapping triplet code. How many possible codons can follow it? If AGC encoded proline, how many amino acids could follow proline?
Types of CodesOverlapping or not?
How would the ribosome know what is overlapping
and what is not?
Types of Codes
SQ22. How to modify the genetic code so that it is not degenerate?
How would the ribosome know what is overlapping
and what is not?
ACCGUACACUUAGGGCGAU
mRNA
GUGAAU
UGA
Types of Codes
SQ22. How to modify the genetic code so that it is not degenerate?
How would the ribosome know what is overlapping
and what is not?
ACCGUACACUUAGGGCGAU
mRNA
GUG
UGA
Comma-less code
Comma-less Code
SQ28. If AGA is a legal codon, then what two codons become illegal?
Can AAA be part of a comma-less code?
. . .
Me
Problem Set 7 #1
Problem Set 7 #5
Problem Set 7 #6
Translation
Take your pick
Shahroze Mandi Shaun
Bobby Supriya Tayab
Kaleigh Jonathan Michael Colleen
AbdulCailin Sue Kristen
Abdallah Celeste Neda Yordanos
Me
1. Sample summaries #1 & #22. Problem Set 7 #5 (VA ID)3. Problem Set 7 #6 (overlap)
Central Dogma: DNA to RNA to Protein
Replication
Processing /Translocation
DNA
I was wondering what was the distinction between an overlapping
and partially overlapping triplet nucleotide codon was
SQ22: Interpret T-E-A-T-E-N-D as triplets that are: {overlapping, partially overlapping, non-overlapping}
Study Question 11Degeneracy and frequency of amino acids
CodonsAAAAACAAGAAUACAACCACG. . .
UUAUUCUUGUUU
Amino acidsalaninearginine
asparagineaspartatecysteine
glutamateglutamine
glycinehistidine
isoleucineleucine
. . .
ACCGUACACUUAGGGCGAU
mRNA
64 codons 20 amino acids
Fixed-length?Variable-length?
Degenerate?Non-degenerate?
Study Question 11Degeneracy and frequency of amino acids
CodonsAAAAACAAGAAUACAACCACG. . .
UUAUUCUUGUUU
Amino acidsalaninearginine
asparagineaspartatecysteine
glutamateglutamine
glycinehistidine
isoleucineleucine
. . .
ACCGUACACUUAGGGCGAU
mRNA
64 codons 20 amino acids
GUG
Study Question 11Degeneracy and frequency of amino acids
CodonsAAAAACAAGAAUACAACCACG. . .
UUAUUCUUGUUU
Amino acidsalaninearginine
asparagineaspartatecysteine
glutamateglutamine
glycinehistidine
isoleucineleucine
. . .
ACCGUAAACUUAGGGCGAU
mRNA
64 codons 20 amino acids
GUG
Study Question 11Degeneracy and frequency of amino acids
CodonsAAAAACAAGAAUACAACCACG. . .
UUAUUCUUGUUU
Amino acidsalaninearginine
asparagineaspartatecysteine
glutamateglutamine
glycinehistidine
isoleucineleucine
. . .
ACCGUAAACUUAGGGCGAU
mRNA
64 codons 20 amino acids
UUG
Study Question 11Degeneracy and frequency of amino acids
CodonsAAAAACAAGAAUACAACCACG. . .
UUAUUCUUGUUU
Amino acidsalaninearginine
asparagineaspartatecysteine
glutamateglutamine
glycinehistidine
isoleucineleucine
. . .
ACCGUAAAUUUAGGGCGAU
mRNA
UUG
64 codons 20 amino acids
I was wondering what was the distinction between an overlapping
and partially overlapping triplet nucleotide codon was
SQ22: Interpret T-E-A-T-E-N-D as triplets that are: {overlapping, partially overlapping, non-overlapping}