Welcome to Day 31! September 3x10 1, 2009 Objectives changed last minute SWBAT Draw orbital diagrams...
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Transcript of Welcome to Day 31! September 3x10 1, 2009 Objectives changed last minute SWBAT Draw orbital diagrams...
Welcome to Day 31! September 3x101, 2009
Objectives changed last minuteSWBAT Draw orbital diagramsSWBAT show electrons using electron configuration
Catalyst
(1) Pick up a chemistry book from the back or under your chair and turn to pg. 137. Look at figure 5-18, that is the quantum mechanical model for a Neon atom.
(2) What data did Rutherford discover and how did this data change the model of the atom?
(3) Draw a Bohr model for the following elements:(a) Beryllium
Agenda
Catalyst Review 15min Orbital Diagrams 15min Practice 10min Electron Configuration Notation 10min Practice! 20min Exit ticket 10min
ANNOUNCEMENTS
Quiz This Friday Unit 2 Test next Friday
Orbital Diagrams and Electron Configuration Notation
Ch. 5, sections 2 and 3
Orbital Diagrams & Electron Configuration
We need ways to keep track of where electrons are located in an atom
Orbital Diagrams & Electron Configuration
•Bohr Models
•Orbital Diagrams
•Electron configuration
BOHR MODEL
Electrons orbit nucleus in defined, circular orbits.
QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL
Electrons reside in: LEVEL (like the Bohr model)
Ex. 1, 2, 3, 4, ... Within a level, they reside in a
SUBLEVEL Ex. s, p, d, f
Within a sublevel, they reside in an ORBITAL Ex. Fig 5-18
s and p Orbitals
III. Quantum Mechanical Model: Atomic OrbitalsE. Shapes of orbitals
d orbitals
Electron Configuration & Bohr Models
There are 4 orbitals:some
piratesdie
fiercely
Four Sub-Energy Levels
Sub Level (Type of orbital)
Shape # of Orbitals
Max # of electrons
s Sphere 1 2
p Dumbbell (peanut)
3 6
d 4-Lobed (double-peanut)
5 10
f 6-8 Lobed (flower)
7 14
How do we arrange electrons in How do we arrange electrons in an atom?an atom?
electrons in an atom want to assume the arrangement with the lowest energy; the lower the energy, the more stable the arrangement.
What rules do electrons follow?
(1)(1) Aufbau Principle:Aufbau Principle:Electrons fill the lowest energy sublevels
first.
2) Pauli Exclusion Principle2) Pauli Exclusion Principle
Electrons within an orbital must have opposite spins. An arrow pointing up (↑) represents an
electron spinning one direction An arrow pointing down (↓) represents
an electron spinning in the opposite direction
3) Hund’s Rule3) Hund’s Rule
Every orbital in a sublevel is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied.
2p orbital
Orbital Box Diagram
Example: Zinc
START Atomic # = # of electrons =
Example: Argon
START Atomic # = # of electrons =
Example: Calcium
START Atomic # = # of electrons =
Electron Configuration
Electron configuration is a way of writing out how electrons are arranged.
Electron Configuration Symbols
5f 3
Energy LevelSub-Energy
Level
# of e- in sub-energy
level
Electron configuration:
Go back to Zn, Ar, and Ca
Practice with Whiteboards
Orbital diagram and electron configuration for:
Phosphorus.
Periodic Table Trick
Individual PracticePlease draw the orbital box diagram and write
the electron configuration for the following elements:
(1) Boron
(2) Lithium
(3) Silicon
(4) Sodium
(5) Titanium
(6) Iron
(7) Selenium
(8) Galium
Homework
Draw the orbital box diagram and electron configuration for the following elements:
(1) Beryllium(2) Aluminum(3) Argon(4) Vanadium Memorize the names and symbols of
the 1st 20 elements on the periodic table
Exit Slip #1
(1) Write the electron configuration for Sulfur.