Welcome to Day 24 & The End of Term!

Re UNBC’s sustainability initiative, see http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:KK0TYeteC3QJ:www.unbc.ca/assets/environmentalstudies/annie_booths_website/recycl2255.pdf+paper+cup&hl=en&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiCzneK5l8FMfDDdUe1Y6dr6cVXYlVeeq3x2ypNi3puvPqhgzs6iJg4pPnputRqATke16OWAR3SA463b8TL9ohibd39tZS8E44a949586ID8JO_B-bsmJ-vGQrBD5D4X_C_Ppt6&sig=AHIEtbTU82VooUGdOOPDeIJTsMPNy-fuiQ

Day 24 – Review for the ExamReminder that the exam will be Monday,

December 13th at 1 p.m. in Building 355, Room 203. It will cover Chapters 11 t0 23, but will exclude Chapter 19. I will try to have to your assignments marked by then.

Review PPTs, chapters (esp. the summaries), and your own notes.

It will be a mix of definitions, short answers, essay questions, and probably a few true/ false and/or multiple choice.

What do you think the 10 most important points or messages are from this course?

Day 24 – Review for the Exam

I would include the following:that Geography looks at human-environment

relationships, but especially in a spatial context;

that one can’t understand anything properly without looking at as part of a larger system, with multiple interacting parts;

that a key part of systems are positive and negative feedback cycles (examples?)

that humans have now become a largest factor influencing environmental change through PAT (does anyone remember what that stands for?)

Day 24 – Review for the Examthat the biggest impact humans are having

(and one that affects many others) is climate change, and that this will affect us too;

That climate change and other issues shows that the four spheres are very much interrelated;

that human impacts can and must be understood in terms of carrying capacity/ limits to growth (the environmental side) and ecological footprint (the collective human side);

that, while human population has grown enormously, it is also subject to the demographic transition;

Day 24 – Review for the Examthat lots of positive things are being done to

address the ecological crisis (there are alternatives, and these need to address the ecological, social, and economic dimensions of the crisis);

that to solve the ecological crisis, we need to understand how to make change, at both a social and individual level, and we also need to understand what our own particular strengths are so that we can match our talents to the tasks at hand.

There may be some questions pertaining to these overall points on the exam.

Day 24 – Review for the ExamFor chapter info, starting with Chapter 11: Arid countries tend to use their water mostly for…?

a) Developing industriesb) Agriculturec) Householdsd) Export to rich countries

Which of the following statements is not a benefit of dams?

a) Habitat alterationb) Power generationc) Crop irrigationd) Shipping

Pollution is defined as “the release of matter or energy into the environment that causes ______”?

a) Undesirable impacts on human healthb) Undesirable impacts on other

organismsc) Undesirable impacts on human well-

beingd) All of the above are included in the

definition

Which of the following is a non-point source of water pollution?

a) A factoryb) Sewer pipesc) Agricultural fieldsd) All are non-point sources

a) It is more water efficient to produce vegetables

b) It is more water efficient to produce meat

c) Vegetable and meat production are relatively alike in water consumption

d) There is little correlation between water consumption and our diet

WHAT CONCLUSION CAN YOU DRAW FROM THIS GRAPH?

CHAPTER 12An area where rivers flow into the ocean is called a(n) …?

a) Estuaryb) Mangrove swampc) Salt marshd) Coral reef

Marine reserves have all the following benefits except:

a) Fishing increases in the reserveb) The size of fish increasesc) Larvae can “seed” areas outside the

reserved) Decreased mortality and habitat

destruction

a) China will be a major player in applying fishing pressure

b) China will be playing a smaller role in applying fishing pressure

c) The world will decrease its fishing pressure

d) Canada is not included in this graph

WHAT IS SHOWN BY THIS GRAPH?

CHAPTER 13

Who is largest producer of CO2 on the planet:a) The U.S.b) Chinac) Brazild) none of the above

What is considered to be a “safe” limit for CO2 in the atmosphere?a) 390b) 450c) 350d) 280

What greenhouse gases (GHGs) are more potent than CO2?

What chemicals are the sources of acid rain?

What is the difference between brown smog and grey smog?

What is the difference between ozone in the atmosphere and at ground level?

What is the gaseous composition of our atmosphere?

CHAPTER 14

“Climate” is defined as….

a) Conditions at localized sitesb) Conditions over hours or daysc) An area’s long-term atmospheric

conditionsd) Variations in Earth’s

temperatureWhich of the following are major

contributors of global warming?

a) Burning fossil fuels and recycling

b) Burning fossil fuels and deforestation

c) Deforestation and nuclear energy

d) Fossil fuels and nuclear energy

What happens as ice melts in polar regions?

a) More heat is reflected into spaceb) Glaciers re-freeze at nightc) Exposed soils and water absorb heat

and make melting worsed) Polar bears learn to like the Sun

CHAPTER 15Which of the following is not a benefit of

hydropower?

a) It produces carbon dioxideb) It is a clean source of energyc) It is renewabled) All of these are benefits of hydropower

If ethanol in Canada is produced from corn, a drawback suggested from this graph could be:

a) More corn is availableb) More competition

between food and fuelc) Less land planted in cornd) None of these

CHAPTER 17

Which of these is not a passive solar technique?

a) The use of thermal mass

b) Using flat-plate solar collectors

c) Installing low, south-facing windows that will maximize sunlight capture in the winter

d) Using strategically planted vegetation

Turbines can be erected singly, but they are most often erected in groups called:

a) Wind turbines

b) Wind farms

c) Wind mills

d) Solar cells

What is the difference between a supply management and demand management approach to energy, water or waste?

CHAPTER 18

All of the following are three main components of waste management except:

a) Minimizing the amount of waste we generate b) Recovering waste materials and finding ways to recycle

them c) Disposing of waste safely and effectively d) All of these are components of waste management What are some ways we can reduce the amount of items entering

the waste stream? a) Donate used items to charity b) Buy groceries in bulk c) Buy rechargeable batteries d) All of the above are ways to reduce the waste stream

Industrial ecology is defined by all of the following EXCEPT:a) Redesigning industrial systems to reduce resource inputs b) Examining the entire life cycle of a given product  c) Minimizing physical inefficiency d) Maximizing economic efficiency

CHAPTER 20

_______ occurred as a result of deteriorating conditions in the inner cities

a) Movement to suburbsb) Movement to rural areasc) Development of inner citiesd) Decentralization of city management

“Sprawl” is defined as…?a) Increased resource extraction from

rural areasb) Creating more livable citiesc) The spread of low-density development

outward from an urban centerd) The spread of high-density development

outward from an urban centerWhich of the following is NOT a cause of urban sprawl?

a) People like their privacyb) Technology allows people to work from

homec) Technology frees businesses from having to

be located in the cityd) All of the above are causes of sprawl

CHAPTER 20Urban growth boundaries….

a) Encourage development in the suburbsb) Can be implemented only in wealthier citiesc) Keeps growth within existing urbanized areasd) Are no longer a viable option for North American

citiesIn “new urbanism,” cities are designed around…?

a) Mass transitb) Cars and highwaysc) Walkingd) All of the above

Which statement is false, regarding cities?

a) They must import resources from far awayb) They rely on large expanses of land for

ecosystem servicesc) People living in cities feel more connected to

nature, particularly since TVd) Cities tend to concentrate people, allowing

for more efficient consumption of resources

Where will most of the urban growth of the next century take place?

CHAPTER 21

•What are the prevailing environmental ethics in our society and how did they evolve?

•What kinds of issues do environmental ethics address?•

•What kinds of ethical issues did you encounter in your LCAs or media analyses?

•Who gets to make the decisions about what’s right or wrong and how society or individuals should behave?

•What are some precedents for different ways of thinking about the environment ethically and has this been acted on, and how?

Which is NOT an assumption of neoclassical economics that can lead to environmental degradation?

a) Resources are limited

b) Long-term effects are downplayed

c) All costs and benefits are experienced by the buyer and seller alone

d) Growth is good

CHAPTER 21

What does this chart tell us?

CHAPTER 22_______ is defined as “laws and regulations made by government.”

a) Tort lawb) Public policyc) Market failured) Tragedy of the commons

External costs are:

a) Defined when a person cheats on cleaning up pollution

b) Borne by people involved in a transaction

c) Voluntary efforts to decrease environmental impacts

d) Borne by people not involved in a transaction

Which of the following is NOT a goal of environmental policy?a) Increased resource extractionb) Elimination of free ridersc) Addressing external costsd) Promoting equity

CHAPTER 22What does “sustainable development” mean?

a) Finding ways to promote social justice

b) Economic well-being

c) Environmental quality at the same time

d) All of the above

What major conclusion can be drawn from this graph on people reporting themselves as being “very happy”?

a) Income correlates directly with perceived happiness

b) Perceived happiness does not correlate with income

c) Very happy people make higher average incomes

d) The pursuit of income makes people very happy

Who and what was the “Brundtland Commission and what are they known for?

CHAPTER 22Which of the following entities tries to shape policy through research, lobbying, or protest?

a) ENGOsb) The EUc) The World Bankd) The WTO

a) Pesticides are no longer a major concern

b) More municipalities are banning pesticides

c) Fewer municipalities are banning pesticides

d) Pesticides are under provincial jurisdiction; municipalities have no control

What major conclusion can be drawn from this graph on municipal pesticide bylaws?

CHAPTER 23

•What are campus sustainability audits?

•What are some of the key issues that sustainable campus initiatives have to address?

•What are the some of the “best practices” in this regard?

•What strategies for social and individual change are needed to get people and institutions to do things in a substantially different way?

•Any questions about anything you would like to ask?