EARTHQUAKES Earthquakes Where Earthquakes Occur How Earthquakes Happen Volcanoes and Earthquakes.
Welcome to CNCRP Nov2016nn - Public Works …pwd.gov.bd/cncrp/Welcome_to_CNCRP_Nov2016nn.pdf3...
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Welcome to International Seminar on Seismic Design, Retrofitting and Good Practices of Building Construction for Safer Cities by “Project for Capacity Development on Natural Disaster‐ Resistant Techniques of Construction and Retrofitting for Public Buildings (CNCRP)” 5 Sept. 2014 Fumio Kaneko JICA Expert Team for CNCRP Revised 17, November 2016 1 改修能力開発技プロ （CNCRP) Bangladesh and Dhaka Bangladesh Area = 147,570 sqkm Population = 162 Million Location = South Asia GDP growth = 6% GNI = 923 USD (2012‐13) Dhaka Area = 1,528 sqkm Population = 18 Million Location = Central Bangladesh 2
Transcript of Welcome to CNCRP Nov2016nn - Public Works …pwd.gov.bd/cncrp/Welcome_to_CNCRP_Nov2016nn.pdf3...
Welcome to International Seminar on
Seismic Design, Retrofitting and Good Practices of Building Construction for Safer Cities
by“Project for Capacity Development on Natural Disaster‐Resistant Techniques of Construction and Retrofitting for
Public Buildings (CNCRP)”
5 Sept. 2014Fumio Kaneko
JICA Expert Team for CNCRPRevised 17, November 2016 1
改修能力開発技プロ （CNCRP)
Bangladesh and Dhaka
BangladeshArea = 147,570 sqkm Population = 162 MillionLocation = South AsiaGDP growth = 6%GNI = 923 USD (2012‐13)
DhakaArea = 1,528 sqkm Population = 18 MillionLocation = Central Bangladesh
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Historical Earthquakes in and around Bangladesh
“First Step Towards Retrofitting” 22, June 2011
Only 150 years data
( courtesy of Prof. Ansary, BUET)
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Historical Earthquakes in Bangladesh
(After Sabri, 2001, etc.)
No. Year MsDepth(km)
Source AreaMMI atDhaka
MMI atChittagong
MMI atSylhet
MMI atBangladesh
1548?1762? Chittagong-Arakan 3? 8? 2? 8?
1 1858 6.5 Sandway - 5? - 62 1869 7.5 48 Cachar 5 4 8 83 1885 7.0 72 Sirajganj 7 3 4 84 1897 8.1 60 Assam, Sillon 8 6 8 95 1906 5.5 Calcutta 3 - - 56 1912 7.9 25 Mandalay ? 2 ? ?7 1918 7.6 14 Srimangal 5 5 7 88 1930 7.1 60 Dhubri 5 4 5 89 1934 8.3 33 Bihar ? ? ? ?
10 1938 7.2 60 Mawlaik - 5 - 511 1950 8.6 25 Assam, Himalaya 7 3 7 812 1954 7.4 180 Manipur 5 4 6 613 1975 6.7 112 Assam, Sillon 4 3 5 614 1984 5.7 4 Cachar - - 3? 315 1988 6.6 65 Bihar - - - -16 1997 5.6 35 Sylhet 5 3 6 717 1997 5.3 56 BD-MR 4 6 3 718 1999 4.2 10 Moheshkhali ? ? ? 7
VIII-IXIV-V
IV-V
VI
VIII?
VIVIII
VIII
II? VIII?III?V?
V
VV
V
V
III
IIIVII
V
V
V
V
V
V
VI
IV
IVIV
IV
II
III
III
III
III
III
III?
VII
VII VII
VIIVIIVII
VIIIVIII
VIIIVIII
VIIIVI VI
VI
VI
IX
“Seismic Retrofit and A Step towards Building Safety” 23, April 2016
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VI
VIII
VIII
The 1897 Great Assam Earthquake
Seismic Intensity ‘VIII’providesaround 10% damage to buildings
“First Step Towards Retrofitting” 22, June 2011
1897年Great India (Assam)地震(M8.1, ダッカまで230km)ダッカ震度MMI:VIII（BUET, Ansary教授）、日本震度階～5強～と推定。写真：CEGIS（地理情報サービスセンター）提供
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Damage caused by Nov 1997 earthquake in Chittagong
After Al-Hussaini
Column a of Cyclone Shelter in Moheshkhali damaged by 1999 EQ
“First Step Towards Retrofitting” 22, June 2011
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Recent Sky‐scrapers in Dhaka City
An Areal View of Today’s Dhaka City
“First Step Towards Retrofitting” 22, June 2011
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Are the Buildings of Bangladesh Vulnerable ??
Buildings were Collapsed
due to Faulty and Weak Foundation Structure
frequently even WITHOUT an EARTHQUAKE
“First Step Towards Retrofitting” 22, June 2011
Phoenix Garments, 2006
21 died, several injured Shankhari Bazar, 2004 11 died
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Earthquake Hazard & Risk Assessment by CDMP I (2006‐2009)
IF M7.5 Earthquake near Dhaka happens!
Dhaka may receive 200‐400gals <MMI: VIII‐IX?> 72,000 buildings <22%> Collapse, (RC: 38,600 & 20%)
158,000 buildings <49%> Damage, (RC: 66,700 & 36%) (out of 326,000 stocks) (RC:186,000 stocks)
88,000 people <1.3 %> will be killed (out of 7 million citizens)
Many & Various facilitieswill be damaged remarkably
Loss will be 25% of Annual National Budget
Government of Bangladesh has started to prepare future earthquakes
“First Step Towards Retrofitting” 22, June 2011
Options for solutionMost vulnerable (existing)
>> demolished and rebuilt (new)
Most important and vulnerable (existing)>> retrofitted
Newly construction (new)>> built following BNBC
CNCRP, 2011
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Everyone knows and says “Buildings in Bangladesh are vulnerable”
butAlmost all people do not know
“How much they are weak quantitatively”
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• Nations– Citizens, Families
– Students, pupils
– workers
• Owners– executives
– administrators
• Finance & Donors– National Bank
– City/Local Bank
– JICA, WB, etc.
• Engineers– Design (architecture, structure)– Design (Equipment, fire safety)– Construction, supervision– (public and private)
• Consultant, contractor– Design consultant– Construction contractor– Site workers(bar‐binder, mason)
• Government officers– MoHPW, LGED, EED
– Other ministries
– Building Officers,
organizations
‐ Related Stakeholders ‐
4‐Year Plan of CNCRP
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Development &Dissemination
Preparation
Hop!
Step!
Jump!
Un
der
stan
din
gT
ech
nic
al C
apab
ilit
ies
1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year
Basic Knowledge / Techniques
Basic & Apply
Apply & Review
Review &Modify
Future
Original Plan
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Project Team
1. Seismic (non Seismic) Design Manual for New RC Buildings2. Seismic Evaluation Manual for Existing RC Buildings3. Seismic Retrofitting Design Manual for Existing RC Buildings4. Seismic Retrofitting Construction Management Manual5. Guidelines & Checklist for Quality Control for Construction
WT‐1 WT‐2 WT‐3 WT‐4 WT‐5
Inventory & GIS Survey
Vulnerability Assessment &Design
RetrofittingConstruction Works
Quality Control
Training, Dissemination, AwarenessRaising
Management of Inventory Data and GIS Database
Seismic Design of New and Existing Buildings and Seismic Assessment
ConstructionManagement of Retrofitting Construction Works
Quality Control of Building Construction
Training, Dissemination, CBDM, Building Application System
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Disseminationof Technology
“Background and Experience Gained”
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Concrete Strength is almost“Half of Required strength”
Constructed
Year1964 1970 1977 1984 1985 1999 2006 Japanese Case
Compressive Strength (MPa)
? LOW
Almost
Impossible
MODERATE
HIGH
Japan
ese Case
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25
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19
18
17
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14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Required Design Strength of Concrete
Collapsed Without EQ
“Background and Experience Gained”
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How Weak the Bangladesh Buildings
Reasons are;Concrete strength(Materials, furnishing process)
Re‐Bar , hoop, tie(plain, friction, materials)Connection (between column and beam, floor to column)
Design, Construction workDuctility: Reduction factor
Not following BNBC(awareness, application process)
VIII IX X
MMI Intensity Scale
x 4.7
x 3.4x 2.5
x 2
3‐5 times more vulnerable than Japan/US in RC structures of Bangladesh
2‐2.5 times more vulnerable BNBC in RC structures of Bangladesh
“Background and Experience Gained”
First Attempt in Bangladesh:Structural Test, 2012 & 2013 for RC Buildings
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1) Concrete Strength:currently using: (1/2-2/3) x required strengthif follow BNBC> ductility should increase
2) Masonry wall: some contribution
3) Retrofitting of RC wall,Steel Bracing will provide:(5-8) x current strength.
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Practical and Theoretical Training
Retrofitting design Piloting
Retrofitting – Public Building
JICA’s Initiatives for Urban Resilience contd…
First attempt of seismic retrofitting for public building in Bangladesh‐ Pilot Study of CNCRP‐
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First attempt of seismic retrofitting for public building in Bangladesh
‐ Pilot Study of CNCRP‐
‐ before ‐ ‐ after ‐
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Options to minimize building disasters during an EQ
• Option 1Demolish vulnerable buildings (and rebuild/relocation)
• Option 2Enforce BNBC for new buildings, (with raising awareness)
• Option 3Retrofit existing important buildings (government and private)
CNCRP
1.Manual for Seismic Retrofitting Evaluation of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings2. Manual for Seismic Retrofit Design of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings3. Manual for Retrofit Construction and Supervision of Reinforced Concrete Buildings4. Guidelines for Quality Control of Design and Construction of Reinforced Concrete Buildings 5. Manual For Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings6. Manual for Vulnerability Assessment and Damage Prediction of Reinforced Concrete Buildings
Bangladesh Bank has started a fund by loan of Tk. 100 crore with assistance of JICAfor RMG sector
MOU signed among JICA, BB, BGMEA, BKMEA and PWD of MoHPW on October 3rd, 2013. 22
Rana Plaza Incident >> RMG ProjectRMG Sector Safe Working Environment Program
“Background and Experience Gained”
24 April 2013
Major Source of Foreign Currency Earnings‐ Ready Made Garments (RMG) ‐‐‐20B USD(77%of Export)‐ Remittance from abroad‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐12B USD‐ Jute, leather, tea, frozen fish/seafood
GDP growth = 6%GNI = 923 USD (2012‐13)
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34.5% 65.5%
[Findings by Initial Assessment]36/55 (65.5%) Factories do NOT comply the standards set by Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC)
How much finance is required for the entire RMG sector (including fire safety)?
3,000×65%×$600,000= $1.17 billion ?
300RMG factories
85RMG
factories
215 do not have necessary information for seismic assessment (71% cannot do assessment).
30 are not target buildings.
RMG Sector Safe Working Environment Program
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“An Awareness & Sensitizing Seminar on Earthquake Vulnerability, Preparedness and Way Forward: Bangladesh Context” 28, May 2016
First sample of seismic retrofitting for RMG factory building in Bangladesh
‐ before ‐ ‐ after ‐Manual and Guideline
Structural and Fire Safety Works in RMG Factories
CNCRP, 2015
To disseminate knowledge and experiences
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Retrofitting of Public Buildings
53 years oldTejgaon Fire Station
Dissemination to the Public of Building Disaster Awareness Raising
• School Disaster Management program
– 3 schools (~ 1000 students and guardians)
• Colony Residents CBDM Program with FSCD
& volunteers
– 3 colonies (Evacuation, Fire Safety & First Aid)
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What to do next?• Continue CNCRP, and RMG project as well as Raising Awareness and following BNBC
• ProvideMethodology & Manuals for Bangladesh– Simplified and Detailed Evaluation–Retrofitting building Design–New building Design–Construction Management and –Quality Control
• Assist the basis forSafer Buildings and Resilient Cities
in Bangladesh28Dhaka, Sept. 5, 2014Thank you for your Attention!
周辺プロジェクト
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2004 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
東北大津波
東北大津波
東北大津波
Su
matra
大津波
Pana P
laza
Nepal 地
震
準備
調査
2010
改修能力開発技プロ (CNCRP)(2011-2016)
縫製（RMG）円借プロ(2013-2017)
建物健全化促進技プロ(BSPP) (2016-2020)
情報
収集
調査
14-15
建物安全化円借プロ (UBSP)(2016-2023)
保健円借プロ (2016-2019?)
準備調査14-15
SATREPSプロジェクト(2016-2021)
世銀URP
準備調査
(2012-13)
世銀都市強靭化プロジェクト(URP)(2015-2020)
CDMP I 2005-2009
CDMPⅡby UNDP 2010-2014
公共・改修
公共・改修
民間・改修/新築
公共・改修
民間・改修/新築
公共・民間
改修・新築
公共・新築
手法の高精度化
民間・申請の改善
防災各種
