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Welcome to…Welcome to…

DNA ReviewDNA Review

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Everybody Ready?Everybody Ready?

Are you sure?Are you sure?

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What does DNA What does DNA stand for?stand for?

Deoxyribonuleic acidDeoxyribonuleic acid

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How are the two strands of How are the two strands of DNA arranged?DNA arranged?

In a spiral shape In a spiral shape or double helix.or double helix.

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Name the 3 structures Name the 3 structures found in a nucleotide.found in a nucleotide.

•PhosphatePhosphate•SugarSugar•Nitrogen BaseNitrogen Base

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In DNA, Adenine always In DNA, Adenine always matches up with…?matches up with…?

ThymineThymine

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In DNA, Cytosine always In DNA, Cytosine always matches with…?matches with…?

GuanineGuanine

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Name the 4 bases in Name the 4 bases in alphabetical order.alphabetical order.

•AdenineAdenine•CytosineCytosine•GuanineGuanine•ThymineThymine

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What are the two purines?What are the two purines?

Adenine and guanineAdenine and guanine

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What are the pyrimidines?What are the pyrimidines?

Thymine and cytosineThymine and cytosine

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Where is DNA found?Where is DNA found?In the nucleus of a cell.In the nucleus of a cell.

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What is the main purpose What is the main purpose of DNA?of DNA?

To make proteins within a To make proteins within a cellcell

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What does RNA What does RNA stand for?stand for?

Ribonucleic AcidRibonucleic Acid

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What base does RNA have What base does RNA have that is different?that is different?

UracilUracil

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What is tRNA?What is tRNA?

Transfer RNATransfer RNA

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What is the sequence of What is the sequence of bases on DNA that code for a bases on DNA that code for a specific trait called?specific trait called?

A geneA gene

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What does mRNA stand What does mRNA stand for?for?

Messenger RNAMessenger RNA

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What is a string of amino What is a string of amino acids called?acids called?

A proteinA protein

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The process of duplication The process of duplication of DNA is called?of DNA is called?

ReplicationReplication

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How is mRNA different How is mRNA different from DNA (3 ways)from DNA (3 ways)• It is single stranded and can leave It is single stranded and can leave

the nucleus by passing through the the nucleus by passing through the nuclear poresnuclear pores

• The sugar is ribose instead of The sugar is ribose instead of deoxyribosedeoxyribose

• RNA does not have the nitrogen RNA does not have the nitrogen base thymine (uracil instead).base thymine (uracil instead).

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Three nucleotides on mRNA are Three nucleotides on mRNA are calledcalled??

A codonA codon

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What is an anticodon?What is an anticodon?It is the tRNA that matches It is the tRNA that matches base pairs (complimentary) base pairs (complimentary) with mRNA.with mRNA.

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The process by which RNA The process by which RNA is produced from DNA is?is produced from DNA is?

TranscriptionTranscription

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On which type of RNA is On which type of RNA is the anticodon found?the anticodon found?

tRNAtRNA

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What is the purpose of What is the purpose of mRNA ?mRNA ?•To arrange amino acids in the To arrange amino acids in the correct order to make a particular correct order to make a particular protein. protein. •To take the DNA message to the To take the DNA message to the ribosome.ribosome.

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Where does the mRNA go Where does the mRNA go when it leaves the when it leaves the

nucleus?nucleus?

Carries the genetic Carries the genetic message to the cell’s message to the cell’s

ribosomes.ribosomes.

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Where does translation Where does translation take place?take place?

At the site of the ribosomesAt the site of the ribosomes

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Changing an mRNA Changing an mRNA message into the protein message into the protein is called?is called?

TranslationTranslation

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How many letters are in a How many letters are in a genetic word?genetic word?

threethree

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Match these pairs (DNA)Match these pairs (DNA)• AdenineAdenine• TymineTymine• GuanineGuanine• CytosineCytosine• CytosineCytosine• TymineTymine• GuanineGuanine

• TymineTymine• AdenineAdenine• CytosineCytosine• GuanineGuanine• GuanineGuanine• AdenineAdenine• CytosineCytosine

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Match these pairs (RNA)Match these pairs (RNA)• GuanineGuanine• AdenineAdenine• AdenineAdenine• TymineTymine• CytosineCytosine• TymineTymine• GuanineGuanine

• CytosineCytosine• UracilUracil• UracilUracil• AdenineAdenine• GuanineGuanine• AdenineAdenine• CytosineCytosine

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Match tRNA with the mRNAMatch tRNA with the mRNA• AAAAAA• CGACGA• GAUGAU• GUUGUU• UAUUAU• CAUCAU

• UUUUUU• GCUGCU• CUACUA• CAACAA• AUAAUA• GUAGUA

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The formation of proteins using The formation of proteins using information coded on DNA and information coded on DNA and carried out by RNA is called?carried out by RNA is called?

Protein synthesisProtein synthesisGene ExpressionGene Expression

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What is a polypeptide?What is a polypeptide?A protein chain made of A protein chain made of

amino acidsamino acids