Welcome Students Near & Far Instructors Catalina Laserna, DPhil Patricia Craig, PhD to EDUC E-104...
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Transcript of Welcome Students Near & Far Instructors Catalina Laserna, DPhil Patricia Craig, PhD to EDUC E-104...
Welcome Students Near & Far
Instructors
Catalina Laserna, DPhil Patricia Craig, PhD
toEDUC E-104 Theory and
Practice of Web Pedagogies
Agenda
Introduction of teaching team
The Four Elements
BREAK
Course Overview
Assignments
Readings Preview
Socio-historical perspective
• Theory of Structuration– Social scientists love the concept of ‘structure’,
a powerful but somewhat elusive term– Problem with over reliance on structures is the
lack of focus on human agency and lack of account of how structure can change or be modified
Structuration Theory
• “Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted by history”
• This is the essential duality of structure that Giddens attempts to illuminate in his theory of structuration
• Structures shape people’s actions and practices but those in turn make up and replicate the structures themselves.
Structure and agency
Structure
Human action
This means that structures are mutable and that human actions can reshape the very structures that gave them the ability to act in the first place.
Technology in Practice
• Within the field of technology, insights from organizational theory and social theory being brought to bear to understand how innovation and improvisation occur.
• Structuration models see technology as embodying structures that users interact with when using the technology
Technology in practice
• However, some criticism of this approach as insufficient, particularly as technology is made to be reconfigured
• http://sagan.fas.harvard.edu/dl/try_not_to_be_overwhelmed_by_all_this_technology_shorter.mov
Orlikowski’s view of the Practice Lens• Rejects idea that technologies embody specific
and stable structures– Clearly not stable
– Implies that structures exist within the artifact itself
• Instead, she sees the structure as the set of rules and resources in recurrent social practice
• Only as people interact with the technology over and over and thereby shape the rules and resources around its use which in turn shapes future interactions do we get structure.
cont.
• Don’t focus on embodied structures but rather the emergent ones thereby framing the activity of users as enactment
• This affords a practice lens through which we can analyze specific technologies and their uses.
Learning Communties
• Culture of learning• Model is collective understanding• Diversity is valued and utilized• Learning belongs to a community of practice• In education, learning communities is the
culmination of community of practice concept
Theory of Affordances
We perceive the typewriter as:
Write-able with?
Sit-able?
Throw-able?
Paint-able?
According to Gibson,Affordances are…
• Not in the object
• Not in the subject
• “Affordances” conceptualizes the relationship between the two
Affordances in this Course
• Learn to analyze technological tools terms of affordances
• Use the analysis to deepen transformative designs
MODES AND MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
Primary OralityLearning by doing, talking
LiteracyUse of different kinds of “literacy” media
“Cybercy”We made it up! Use of digital media
Permanency of message O L C
Talk vanishes
Words on Paper= immutable mobiles
Dynamic environmentsDigital encoding
Storage of InformationDistributed system
O L CBurden on Human Memory
Collective memory
“frees” human memory (Paradox of Rote Memorization)
Simulates RL (Real life)Affords mixing of Symbolic Representations
Grand Social Theories O L C
The Advent of Language makes Culture Possible
-> Humans as Cultural Creatures
Writing affords the beginnings of -> Human History then Printing press
-> The Gutenberg Revolution
Digital Media and Computers“Artificial Intelligence”
-> The Cybercy Revolution…
What is going on?
About the O/L/C Matrix
• O/L/C vs o -l-c• Technology needs to be situated in
individual & collective practices • O/L/C is a very broad analytic construct• O/L/C should “afford” good thinking• Add value and impact to each other
How Does O/L/C Relate to This Course?
• The Web? Collaboration practices • Private/Public spaces and modes of
communication (e-mail, blogs, facebook, uTube) • Tools such as “I’m confused” “I have a questions”
button O-> C• Reflect back on the course’s process as an
example of the practice of Web-Pedagogies.
Third Element: Teaching for Understanding
• Snapshots from the past• Rote Memorization: the paradox of literacy
in school• Memorable Teachers • What is understanding? • Aim of the Project: practice and theory
together
What is understanding?
• Two quotes from Piaget:
“To Understand is to Invent”
and
“Thinking is internalized action”
Teaching for Understanding with New Technologies
• In what ways does the Web afford new ways of teaching for understanding?
• … the Generative Topic for this course
The Teaching for Understanding Framework
• Throughlines• Generative Topic• Understanding Goals• Understanding Performances• Ongoing Assessment
Fourth Element:A Systems View
• A Systems Perspective– Big picture
– Interrelated aspects of the environment
– Unintended consequences
– The policy view
A systems approach:Distance education
DesignSources Delivery InteractionLearningEnvironment
Studentneeds
Organization
History
Philosophy
Instructionaldesign
Media
Program
Evaluation
PrintAudio/videoRadio/TVSoftwareVideo conferenceComp. networks
From Moore and Kearsley, Distance Education: A Systems View, Wadsworth Publishing Co, 1996, p.9.
InstructorsTutorsCounselorsAdmin staffOther students
WorkplaceHome ClassroomLearning Cntr
Course Overview
Go to the syllabus section of the Course Website
http://www.courses.fas.harvard.edu/~ext21979/
Assignments
Go to the Assignments section of the Course Website
http://www.courses.fas.harvard.edu/~ext21979/Assignments/
Readings Preview for “A Practice Lens” and “Through the Supermarket”
• Orlikowski draws on Lave’s insights about the difference between cognition in practice and cognition in the head to think about technology in a similar way. (Read Lave 1st)
• Questions:– Can you think of some technologies where people use them
in different ways than the designers may have envisioned?
– Think of some places where you’ve seen the introduction (or attempt to introduce) technology: How would you fit that into the Types of Enactment table? (p.422 of Orlikowski)