Name Class Date

Match up the picture of the organ with its name and its job. One of these has been done for you.

body

and digests it

I CAN...

• recall the names and functions of some human organs.

Job

controls the

for breathing

pumps blood

makes and destroys substances

breaks up food

breaks up food

Name

lungs

brain

liver

heart

intestines

stomach

Picture

Name Class Date

Here is a table found on a packet of food.

Typical values Per 100g Per 175g portion

1

Human organs On a dietHealthier Scotland

HW1

Healthier

Scotland

HW2

Energy 258kJ/61kcal 452kJ/107kcal

Protein 2.0g 3.5g

Carbohydrate of which sugars

9.2g3.5g

16.1g6.1g

Fat of which saturates

1.8g0.3g

3.2g0.5g

Fibre 2.3g 4.0g

1What are tables like this called? Tick the correct box.

nutrition information tables food information tables

nutrient information tables vitamin information tables

2 a How many grams of carbohydrate do 100g of the food contain?

b How many grams of protein do 200g of the food contain?

3 What do we need nutrients for? Tick the correct boxes (there are at least two).

growth and repair energy

health they taste nice

4 What nutrients are not listed for this food?

____________________________________________________________________________________

5 What does fibre help to prevent? ______________________________________

6 Some of the carbohydrates in the food are sugars. Name one substance that is also a carbohydrate that might also be found in this food. ______________________________________

7 What substance is used for test for starch? ______________________________________

1 Tick all the nutrients.

2

Name _________________________________________ Class _______________ Date _________________

Healthier Scotland

HW 3 Foods and tests

carbohydrates fats fibre

minerals vitamins water

2 In science, what does the word ‘diet’ mean? Tick the correct box.

what someone usually eats

what someone eats on special occasions

what someone eats when they want to get less fat

3 On the right is a nutrition information label from a packet of crisps. The values are worked out by food scientists working for the crisp company.

a How much protein is there in a bag of the crisps? __________________________

b How much carbohydrate is in 100g of crisps? __________________________

c Some of this carbohydrate is sugar. The rest is another type of carbohydrate. What is its name?__________________________

d Work out how much of this carbohydrate there is in 200g of crisps. __________________________

e Name two nutrients that are not found in these crisps.__________________________ __________________________

f What do we need energy for? Suggest one thing. ______________________________________

4 A piece of cheese is rubbed on a piece of paper. It leaves a greasy mark. What does this tell you about what cheese contains?

___________________________________________________________________________________________

5 Mike wants to test a potato for starch.

a Which chemical should he use? Tick the correct box.

Biuret solution copper sulphate solution starch solution

iodine solution Optrex® nitric acid

b What will happen to this chemical if it comes into contact with starch?

3

NUTRITION INFORMATION

per 40g bag per 100g

Energy 809kJ 2022kJ

Protein 2.6g 6.5g

Carbohydrate 23.2g 58.0g

of which sugars 0.4g 1.0g

Fat 10.0g 25.0g

Fibre 1.6g 3.9g

Store in a cool, dry place.

Name _________________________________________ Class _______________ Date _________________

Healthier Scotland

HW4 You’ve got guts

1 Draw lines to match the beginning of each sentence with its end. One has been done for you.

2 The drawing shows a model for a large molecule. In the space to the right of the arrow draw what the molecule might look like after digestion with enzymes.

4

Large molecules such as starch, fats and proteins need to be broken down into small molecules by molecules called…

The breakdown of food into smaller soluble substances is called…

Saliva helps to make the food moist so that it is easy to…

The food is churned up and mixed with the acid in the …

Food that we cannot digest has water removed in the …

When food is broken down it is taken into the body through the wall of the…

swallow.

stomach.

digestion.

small intestine.

enzymes.

large intestine.

Name _________________________________________ Class _______________ Date _________________

Healthier

Scotland Round and round

recognise body systems and what they do

describe how the scientific method works

1 Look at the diagram.

a What does the diagram show a part of?

the digestive system

the circulatory system

the breathing system

the excretory system

b What is the name of the organ that is a pump?

____________________________

c Label this organ on the diagram.

d What does it pump? ____________________________

e Why does it pump? Tick the best answer.

to make sure liquids do not escape from your body

to keep liquids moving around your body

to make sure all your tissues get glucose and oxygen

to make sure that it does not stop pumping

f On the diagram, label one other part.

2 Fill in the missing words.

William Harvey thought up a ____________________________ to explain how blood flowed around the body. He used this ____________________________ to make a ____________________________ Marcello Malpighi showed that this was correct.

3 The boy in the drawing is measuring something.

a What is he measuring? ________________________

_______________________________________________

b Martin wants to measure this when he is in a cold room and when he is in a hot room. He wants to see if it changes. Suggest one variable he should keep the same when doing his experiment.

_________________________________________________________________________________

5

I CAN...

Name _________________________________________ Class _______________ Date _________________

Ben wanted to know how much oxygen his body used each minute – at rest and while running.

Ben’s temperature, heart rate, breathing rate and volume of air he took in each breath were measured before and during running.

The results are shown in the table.

Temperature (°C) Heart rate(beats/minute)

Breathing rate (breaths/minute)

Volume of air perbreath (cm3)

at rest 36.6 62 12 400

while running 37.2 128 30 900

When answering the following questions you may need to consider the word equation for aerobic respiration, which is:

glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water

1 Why do you think Ben’s heart rate increased when running?

2 a Calculate the total volume of air breathed in per minute at rest.

b Calculate the total volume of air breathed in per minute while running.

c How much more air did Ben breathe in per minute while running?

d Why did Ben need to take in more air when running?

3 a About 20% of the air breathed in is oxygen. Using your answer to 2a, calculate how much oxygen Ben breathed in each minute at rest.

b The body uses about 4% of the oxygen breathed in. Calculate how much oxygen Ben used each minute at rest.

c Work out how much oxygen Ben used each minute while running. 4 a What effect did exercise have on Ben’s temperature? b Why do you think this happened?

6

Healthier

Scotland Exercise and the body

Healthier Scotland HW7

How does Vaccination Work?

Have you ever seen a person with smallpox? Do you know anyone who has ever caught smallpox?

Smallpox has completely died out, but 200 years ago everyone was terrified of catching it.

When someone caught smallpox they came out in spots, developed a high temperature and often died. Smallpox spread rapidly, especially among children.

In 1780 ten out of thirty children would have died from smallpox by the age of 13.

At least everyone knew that you couldn't catch it twice. So parents sometimes gave mild attacks of smallpox to their children deliberately.

Unfortunately, nobody knew for certain how to produce a 'mild' attack of smallpox.

Fortunately a British doctor called Edward Jenner became interested in finding a way to prevent smallpox. He had heard that girls who milked cows often caught a mild disease called cowpox. After they had caught cowpox they never seemed to catch smallpox.

Edward Jenner came up with a risky experiment that wouldchange medicine forever. You can read about this experimenton p.2. This experiment allowed Jenner to develop the World’sfirst vaccine but how does a vaccine work?

Your body has a natural defence against infection called the immune system. One

of the main parts of the immune system are white blood cells. White blood cellsmake chemicals called antibodies that attach to a virus making it harmless.Vaccination is when a person is given a weakened form of a virus. This fools thebody’s immune system into making antibodies against it. The immune system

thenretains a ‘memory’ of the virus. If you are infected by the real, harmful version of

thevirus then the immune system produces antibodies straight away to attack thevirus. The antibodies quickly render the virus harmless and you do not get sick.

7

carry out calculations to draw conclusions

explain why heart rate and breathing rate change during exercise.8

I CAN...

How does Vaccination Work?

1 What are the symptoms of smallpox?____________________________________________________________________________________________________

2 Approximately how many people in your class would still be alive if it was 1780?

__________________________________________________

3 Why did parents deliberately give their children smallpox?________________________________________________

4 Why is this not a good idea?__________________________________________________

5 Which disease did dairymaids catch?__________________________________________________

6 What did Jenner get from the dairymaid?__________________________________________________

7 What did Jenner do to James?__________________________________________________

8 What disease did James get?__________________________________________________9 What disease did Jenner now try to give James?__________________________________________________10 Would Jenner be allowed to do this nowadays? Explain

your answer.____________________________________________________________________________________________________

9

11 Jenner had discovered a safe way to protect people against smallpox. What is this called?

__________________________________________________

12 Describe how a vaccine works.

13 Name two diseases that you have been vaccinated against.____________________________________________________________________________________________________

14 What name is given to the system that naturally fights off infection in our bodies?__________________________________________________

10