Overweight is defined as 1-19% above one’s ideal weight

Obese is defined as above 19% one’s ideal weight

Also can be defined in terms of total body fat content

Diabetes

Heart disease

Dyslipidemia (high blood cholesterol)

Sleep apnea and breathing problems

Cancer

Depression

Hypertension (high blood pressure)

Many health risks associated

Determining the Right Weight for You

• Reference Table 10.1 for Healthy Weight Ranges

•Based on

Body structure

Height

Distribution of weight

Ratio of lean tissue to body fat

Body Image

Assessing Fat Levels

Weight-for-Height Charts

Weight tables give acceptable ranges

Low end of range for low ratio of lean mass to fat mass

High end of range for more muscular body

“Ideal” body composition

Men’s range is 11-15%

Women’s range is 18-22%

Lean body mass consists of muscle, bone, body water, cellular elements and organs

Body fats are essential or stored fats

Essential fats for physiological functions

3-15% of total body weight

Storage fat is remainder of body fat

Body Image

Body Mass Index

Index of the relationship between height and weight

BMI of 19-25 indicates healthy weight

Does have limitations

Very muscular people may fall into overweight category

“Underweight” people may be in healthy weight category yet too thin

Waist-to-Hip Ratio A measure of regional fat distribution Excess fat in abdominals is health risk High blood pressure Diabetes Heart disease Certain cancers

Assessing Fat Levels

Waist-to-Hip Ratio (continued) Men and postmenopausal women store fat in upper region:

abdominals, arms and chest Premenopausal women store fat in lower region: hips,

buttocks and thighs A waistline greater than 40 inches for men and 35 inches for

women may indicate health risk Measures of Body Fat

Hydrostatic Weighing Technique

Pinch and Skinfold Measure

Girth and Circumference Measure

Soft-Tissue Roentgenogram

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis

Total Body Electrical Conductivity

Assessing Fat Levels

Key Environmental Factors

Most common nutritional disorder in the U.S.

Increased energy intake:

Bombarded with advertising

Changes in working families

Bottle feeding

Decreased energy expenditure:

Increased sedentary nature of many jobs

TV and video games, automated equipment

Heredity Body type and genes

Genes may set metabolic rates

Obesity genes

Ob gene, leptin, GLP-1

Hunger, Appetite, and Satiety Hunger is physiological response to nutritional need

Appetite is psychological response tied to emotional reaction, not nutritional need

Risk Factors for Obesity

Developmental Factors

Hyperplasia

Excessive number of fat cells

Hypertrophy

Increased size of cells

Risk Factors for Obesity

What is a Calorie?

The calorie, or gram calorie, is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of pure water 1°C.

Unit of measure of the amount of energy obtained from food

One pound of fat = 3,500 calories

Exercise Resting Metabolic Rate-90% of calories burned

Exercising Metabolic Rate-other 10%

Changing Your Eating Habits

What triggers eating?

Changing Your Triggers, see Skills for Behavior Change, p. 271

Selecting a Nutritional Plan

Set realistic, attainable goals

Seek help from reputable sources

Successful plans allow good food choices without sacrificing everything

Managing Your Weight

Changing Your Eating Habits

What triggers eating?

Changing Your Triggers, see Skills for Behavior Change, p. 271

Selecting a Nutritional Plan

Set realistic, attainable goals

Seek help from reputable sources

Successful plans allow good food choices without sacrificing everything

Trying to Gain Weight

Control exercise

Eat more calories

Supplement your diet

Relax

Managing Your Weight

Fixed Menu

Exchange-Type

Prepackaged-meal

Formula

Questionable

Flexible

Fad Diets

Substitute meat, eggs and

cheese for carbohydrates

Tough to keep diet so stringent

Some studies show an all meat diet can increase your LDL levels and raise your cholesterol

American Heart Association issued as statement… “To be safe, people on an Atkins-style diet should have their blood lipids monitored regularly

ATKINS DIET

Cabbage soup has fat burning qualities. Claims you can loose 10 lbs in a week HOW? As much water as you want! Day 1: Cabbage soup plus as much fruit as you would like. Day 2: Cabbage soup plus vegetables including 2 jacket

potato with a little butter. Day 3: Cabbage soup plus fruit and veggies excluding

potatoes and bananas Day 4: Cabbage soup plus up to eight bananas and as much

skimmed milk as you like Day 5: Cabbage soup plus up to 20 ounces of beef and up to

6 tomatoes Day 6: Cabbage soup plus as much beef and vegetables (excluding potatoes) as you like. Day 7: Cabbage soup plus brown rice, vegetables and

unsweetened fruit juice. Short Term weight loss. (Weight loss from water, muscle

tissue not fat reserves.) Starvation diet…

CABBAGE SOUP DIET

Anorexia Nervosa

Self-starvation

Intense fear of fat

Bulimia Nervosa

Binge and then take inappropriate measures to lose calories

3% of adolescent and young females

Bulimia Nervosa (continued)

Males 1 for every 10 females

Often at normal weight

Binge Eating Disorder

Often clinically obese

Eat excessive amounts without purging

Eating Disorders

Treatments for Eating Disorders

Goal is to stabilize the patient’s life

Long-term therapy

Multidimensional approach

Psychological, social, environmental, and physiological factors

Eating Disorders