Wei Lin [email protected] Mingdi Zhao rogermzhao@hotmail

3/21/2002 1

Wei Lin [email protected]

Mingdi Zhao [email protected]

CSI5171 Network Architectures, Services,

Protocols and Standards

Professor: Dr. Luigi Logrippo

Dept. of Computer Science

Architectures and Servicesfor the UMTS IMT-2000 family member

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Contents

Overview Architectures for UMTS system Services of UMTS system References

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History of Mobile Communications

First Generation: is Analog Cellular. the most prominent systems: Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS). Nordic

Mobile Telephone (NMT), and Total Access Communication System (TACS).

Second Generation: is Multiple Digital Systems. which includes Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Digital

AMPS (D-AMPS), Personal Communication Services(PCS), and Japanese standard Personal Digital Communication (PDC).

Third generation: extend the services provided by current second generation systems to offer high data rates services.

such as multimedia telephone, video conference,video games, and provide universal coverage and enable terminals to be able to move seamlessly between all networks in anywhere of the world.

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IMT-2000

IMT-2000: a global standard for third generation systems, is defined by the International Telecommunication Union(ITU)

The main objectives for IMT-2000 are: high data rates: 144 Kbps/384 Kbps for high mobility users with full coverage; 2 Mbps for low mobility users with limited coverage. capability for multimedia application and all mobile applications. high spectrum efficiency compared to existing systems high flexibility to introduce new services high degree of commonality of design worldwide use of a small pocket terminal with seamless global roaming.

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UMTS systemUMTS: The most important IMT–2000 proposal is a 3G GSM successor standard; is being developed by 3GPP, a joint venture of several SDOs:

ETSI (Europe), ARIB/TTC (Japan), ANSI T-1 (USA), TTA (South Korea), and CWTS (China);

incorporates enhanced GSM Phase 2+ CNs with GPRS and CAMEL.

In UMTS, a new radio access network UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN) is introduced, which will support PS data and CS data.

Handover between UMTS and GSM is supported, and handover between UMTS and other 3G systems will be supported to achieve true worldwide access.

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UMTS Architectures

the basic domains in UMTS (copy from CWTS.org)

User Equipment Domain

Access Network Domain

Core Network Domain

Infrastructure Domain

Cu

Mobile Equipment Domain

USIM Domain

Home Network Domain

Transit Network Domain

Uu Iu

[Zu]

[Yu]

Serving Network Domain

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UMTS Architectures (cont.)

Domain split:

User Equipment Domain: user equipment is a device allowing a user access to UMTS network services; it has a radio interface to the infrastructure.

Infrastructure Domain: the infrastructure consists of the physical nodes which perform the various functions required to terminate the radio interface and to support the telecommunication services requirements of the users.

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User Equipment Domain

The user equipment is further sub-divided into: Mobile Equipment Domain (ME)

Mobile Termination(MT) performs the radio transmission & related functionsTerminal Equipment(TE) contains the end-to-end application

User Services Identity Module Domain (USIM) contains data and procedures which unambiguously and securely identify itself.

UE

ME USIM

MT

TE

(copy from CWTS.org)

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Infrastructure Domain

The Infrastructure domain is further split into: Access Network Domain is the system of base station equipments

(transceivers, controllers, etc...) which manage the resources of the AN and provides the user with a mechanism to access the CN domain.

Core Network Domain consists of the physical entities which provide support for the network

features & telecommunication services. the support provided includes functionality such as the management

of user location information, control of network features and services, the transfer (switching and transmission) mechanisms for signalling and for user generated information.

the core network domain may result from evolutions of existing network infrastructures, e.g., a GSM infrastructure, a N-ISDN infrastructure, a B-ISDN infrastructure or a PDN infrastructure.

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Access Network

Two different types of access network are used: Base Station System (BSS) for GSM: is viewed by the MSC

through a single A-interface as being the entity responsible for communicating with Mobile Stations in a certain area. Similarly, in PLMNs supporting GPRS, the BSS is viewed by the SGSN through a single Gb interface. It offers a TDMA based technology to access the Mobile Station.

Radio Network System (RNS) for UMTS: is viewed by the MSC through a single Iu-interface as being the entity responsible for communicating with Mobile Stations in a certain area. Similarly, in PLMNs supporting GPRS, the RNS is viewed by the SGSN through a single Iu-PS interface. It offers a W-CDMA based technology to access the Mobile Station.

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Core Network Domain (1)The core network domain is sub-divided into: Serving Network Domain: represents the core network functions that

are local to the user’s access point and thus their location changes when the user moves. The serving network domain is responsible for routing calls and transport user data/information from source to destination. It has the ability to interact with the home domain to cater for user specific data/services and with the transit domain for non user specific data/services purposes

Home Network Domain: represents the core network functions that are conducted at a permanent location regardless of the location of the user’s access point. The USIM is related by subscription to the home network domain. The home network domain therefore contains at least permanently user specific data and is responsible for management of subscription information. It may also handle home specific services, potentially not offered by the serving network domain.

Transit Network Domain: located on the communication path between the serving network domain and the remote party.

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Core Network Domain (2.1)In another logical point of view, the CN encompasses: Circuit Switched (CS) service domain, earlier named PSTN/ISDN

domain, refers to the set of all the CN entities offering "CS type of connection" for user traffic as well as all the entities supporting the related signalling. A "CS type of connection" is a connection for which dedicated network resources are allocated at the connection establishment and released at the connection release.

The entities specific to the CS domain are: MSC, GMSC. Packet Switched (PS) service domain, earlier named IP domain,

refers to the set of all the CN entities offering "PS type of connection" for user traffic as well as all the entities supporting the related signalling. A "PS type of connection" transports the user information using autonomous concatenation of bits called packets: each packet can be routed independently from the previous one.

The entities specific to the PS domain are the GPRS specific entities, i.e. SGSN and GGSN.

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Core Network Domain (2.2)

the separate CN architecture case (copy from CWTS.org)

Two Iu signalling connections (“two RANAP instances”)

UTRAN

3G SGSN

HLR

3G MSC/VLR

UE

CS servicedomain

Two CN service domains

One RRC connection

UTRAN withdistributionfunctionality

PS servicedomain

Common subscription data base

CS state PS state

PS state CS state

CS location PS location

AN

CN

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the integrated CN architecture case (copy from CWTS.org)

Two Iu signalling connections “two RANAP instances”

UTRAN

HLR

UMSC

UE

CS servicedomain

Two CN service domains

One RRC connection

UTRAN withdistributionfunctionality

PS servicedomain

Common subscription data base

CS state PS state

PS state CS state

CS location PS location

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Core Network Domain (2.4) UE, that is supporting both CS services and PS services, The

two peers of the service state machine are working independently to each other (synchronization).

A single RRC connection (between UTRAN and UE) shall carry all user plane and signalling flows to/from a UE.

The aim of UTRAN is to offer one unified set of radio bearers which may be used for burst packet traffic and for traditional telephony traffic.

For the mobility functionality, four different area concepts are used. Location Areas and Routing Areas are used in the Core Network. UTRAN Registration Areas and Cell Areas are used in UTRAN. Location Areas are related to CS services. Routing Areas are related to PS services.

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In the separate CN architecture case, the CN consists of both a CS service domain with evolved MSC/VLR, 3G_MSC/VLR, as the main serving node and an PS service domain with evolved SGSN/GGSN, 3G_SGSN and 3G GGSN, as the main serving nodes.

In the integrated CN architecture case, the CN consists of both a CS service domain and an PS service domain with an UMSC as the main serving node.

The use of separated PS and CS mobility mechanisms within the UE and within the CN may lead to non-optimal usage of the radio resource

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PLMN The public land mobile network (PLMN) described in UMTS Rel.

’99 incorporates three major categories of network elements:GSM Phase 1/2 core network elements: mobile services switching

center (MSC), visitor location register (VLR), home location register (HLR), authentication center (AC), and equipment identity register (EIR)

GSM Phase 2+ enhancements: GPRS (serving GPRS support node [SGSN] and gateway GPRS support node [GGSN]) and CAMEL (CAMEL service environment [CSE])

UMTS specific modifications and enhancements, particularly UTRAN

may be regarded as an extension of a network (e.g. ISDN)

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Basic configuration of a PLMN (1)

bold lines show interfaces supporting user traffic; dashed lines show interfaces supporting signalling.

BSS

BSC

RNS

RNC

CN

Node B Node B

A IuPS

Iur

Iubis

USIM

ME

MS

Cu

Uu

MSC SGSN

Gs

GGSN GMSC

Gn HLR

Gr

Gc C

D

E

AuC H

EIR

F Gf

Gi

PSTN/ISDN

IuCS Gb

VLR

B

Gp

VLR G

BTS BTS

Um

RNC

Abis

SIM

SIM-ME i/f or

MSC

B

PSTN PSTN

cell

PDN


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Basic configuration of a PLMN (2) The figure presents the basic configuration of a Public Land Mobile Network

(PLMN) supporting GPRS and the interconnection to the PSTN/ISDN and PDN.

The figure shows direct interconnections between the entities. The actual links may be provided by an underlying network (e.g. SS7 or IP): this needs further studies.

The most important evolutionary step of GSM toward UMTS is GPRS. GPRS introduces PS into the GSM CN and allows direct access to packet data networks (PDNs). GPRS prepares and optimizes the CN for high–data rate PS transmission, as does UMTS with UTRAN over the RAN.

Two functional units extend the GSM NSS architecture for GPRS PS services: the GGSN and the SGSN. The GGSN has functions comparable to a gateway MSC (GMSC). The SGSN resides at the same hierarchical level as a visited-MSC /VLR and therefore performs comparable functions such as routing and mobility management.

The MSC provides functions such as switching, signaling, paging, and inter–MSC handover.

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Basic configuration of a PLMN (3) Existing network elements, such as MSC, and HLR, can be extended to

adopt the UMTS requirements. But RNC, Node B, and the handsets must be completely new designs:

RNC will become the replacement for BSC, and Node B fulfills nearly the same functionality as BTS.

GSM and GPRS networks will be extended, and new services will be integrated into an overall network. UMTS defines four new interfaces:

Uu: UE to Node B, the UMTS W–CDMA air interface Iu: RNC to GSM Phase 2+ CN interface (MSC/VLR or SGSN)

Iu-CS for circuit-switched data Iu-PS for packet-switched data

Iub: RNC to Node B interface Iur: RNC to RNC interface, not comparable to any interface in GSM The Iu, Iub, and Iur interfaces are based on ATM transmission principles.

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Basic configuration of a PLMN (4)

(copy from iec.org)

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Basic Configuration with GLR (1)The Gateway Location Register (GLR) handles location management of

roaming subscriber in visited network without involving HLR. The benefit of the GLR is the reduction in signalling traffic between networks. This entity can be only located in a visited PLMN.

User traffic interface. User traffic includes Short Message.

Signalling interface

PLMN Network A

IM-GSN

HLRa GGSN

SGSN

SMS-GMSC

GLR IM-MSC

VLRb/MSC

GMLC

GLj GLa

GLb GLc

GLe GLd

GLf

GLg

GLh

GLi

GLk PLMN Network B


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Basic Configuration with GLR (2) In above figure, the GLR interacts with HLRa and VLRb for roamers on

Network B. The GLR is part of the roaming subscriber's Home Environment. When a subscriber to HLRa is roaming on Network B the GLR plays the role

of an HLR towards VLRb and the role of a VLR towards HLRa. The GLR handles any location change between different VLR service areas in the visited network without involving HLRa.

The sequence of events when the subscriber roams to network B is: VLRb sends the registration message to HLRa via the GLR, (i.e. HLRa

stores the GLR's SCCP address and the GLR stores VLRb's SCCP address);

HLRa returns the subscriber profile data; the subscriber profile is stored in the GLR and VLRb.

As the roaming subscriber moves between VLRs in network B, then the GLR is updated, but no message is sent to HLRa, therefore the number of messages between Network A and Network B is reduced.

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Service Aspects of IMT2000

Services structure in PLMNs Services principles for PLMNs Categories of services Supplementary services (11)

Line identification Advice of Charging

Other services

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The Service Structure in PLMNs


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Service principles for PLMNs

to provide a single integrated system in which the user can access services in an easy to use and uniform way in all environments.

to provide a wide range of telecommunications services.

to provide support of roaming users by enabling users to access services provided by their home environment in the same way even when roaming.

to provide audio, data, video and particularly multimedia services;

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Categories of telecommunication services

BEARER SERVICE TELESERVICE

Basic Bearer ServiceBasic Bearer service +supplementary services

Basic TeleserviceBasic Teleservice + supplementary service

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Supplementary services Supported by PLMNs (1)

Line identification Supplementary Services CLIP --- Calling line identification presentation. CLIR --- Calling line identification restriction. COLP --- Connected line identification presentation. COLR --- Connected line identification restriction.

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CLIP Process (1)

Determination of calling line identification presentation subscription(VLR)

Idle

Initial handling of CLIP

CLIP Provisioned

set provisionIndication =not provisioned

Continue call handling

idle

set provisionIndication=provisioned

Called subscriber in HPLMN country

Override category

set overrideCategory=yes

set overrideCategory=No

no

Yes

yes

yes

no

no

CLIP—Calling line Identification Presentation


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CLIP Process (2)

Determination of the information for offering to the called party (destination MSC)

CLIP: Calling Line Identification Presentation.CLI: Calling Line Identity.PI: Presentation Indicator.

CLIPprovisioned

Idle CLIavailable

Initiate handlingOf CLIP

CLIreceived from

VLR

Use CLIreceivedfrom VLR

use CLIreceived from

signaling

PI = presentation restricted?

Cause of no CLI

overridecategory

Additional CLIavailable

Additional CLIavailable

PI = presentationrestricted bynetwork?

CLIin case of

override category

overridecategory

set PI =Presentation restricted

PassAdditional CLI

pass CLISet PI =

number not available pass CLIpass

Additional CLIset PI =

number not available

Continue Callhandling

idle

yes

no

yes

no

yesno

Yesno

yes

nono

yes

yesYes

No

AdditionalCLI

CLI

Yes

No


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CLIR Process (1)

Determination of calling line identification restriction subscription (VLR)

CLIR: Calling Line Identification Restriction

idle

Initiate handling Of CLIR

CLIR provisioned

set provisionIndication=provisioned

subscriptionoption = permanent

temporarymode default =present restricted

mode indication =temporary

(pres. restricted)

continue

Call handling

idle

mode indication =temporary

(pres. allowed)

set modeindication =permanent

set provisionindication =

not provisioned

yes

no

yes

no

yes

no


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CLIR Process (2)

Determination of the presentation indicator (originating MSC)

note 1: present CLI is input received from the MS

note 2: restrict CLI is input received from the MS

CLIR: Calling Line Identification Restriction CLI: Calling Line Identity PI: Presentation Indicator

idle

Initiate handlingOf CLIR

CLIRprovisioned

restrictCLI note2

Clear call

idle

Continue call handling

permanent

presentCLI note1

Error notification

set PI = presentation restricted

temporarymode default =pres. restricted

presentCLI note 1

Set PI=Presentation allowed

restrictCLI note 2

Set PI=Presentation restricted

no

yes

no

yes

yes

yes

no

no

yes

no

yes

no

no

yes

Set PI=Presentation allowed


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COLP Process

Determination of the information for offering to the connected party (originating MSC)

COLP: Connected Line Identification Presentation. COL: Connected Line Identity. PI: Presentation Indicator.

idle

Initiate handling Of COLP

COLPprovisioned

COL available

Presentation restricted

Override category

Additional COL available

COLin case of

override category

Pass additional COL

Continue COL handling

idle

pass COL

additional COL available

set PI =Number not available

yes

yes

yes

yes

yes

Additional COL COL

nono

no

no

yes

no

no

Pass additional COL


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COLR Process

Determination of the presentation indicator

COLR: Connected Line Identification Restriction.

PI: Presentation Indicator.

idle

initiatehandlingof COLR

COLR

provisioned

set PI = presentation

restricted

continuecallhandling

idle

set PI =presentation

allowed

yes

no


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Call Forwarding (CF) supplementary services


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Supplementary services Supported by PLMNs (3-10)

3. Follow Me service

4. Call Waiting (CW) and Call Holding (HOLD) Supplementary Services

5. MultiParty (MPTY) Supplementary Services

6. Closed User Group (CUG) Supplementary Services

7. User-to-User Signalling (UUS)

8. Call Barring (CB) Supplementary Services

9. Explicit Call Transfer (ECT)--Supplementary Service

10. Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD)

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Advice of Charge (AoC) Supplementary Services (information)

CAI: Charge Advice Information

call in progress orCall set up in progress

requestgenerationof CAI

Request of generation of CAI applies to AoC initiation or charge modification.

generateCAI

send CAI

continue callOr call set up

SDL diagram of advice of charge (information) in the MSC


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call set upIn progress

charging information

Start chargecalculations

AoCacknowledge

AoCactive

AoCactive

call ends

Stop chargecalculations

clear call

charging information

AoC acknowledge

Amend chargingcalculation

Point at which charging calculations are amended can occur before or after sending the AoC acknowledge.

AoCactive

SDL diagram of advice of charge (information) in the Mobile Equipment

Advice of Charge (AoC) Supplementary Services (information)


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SDL diagram of advice of charge (charging) in the Mobile Equipment

CAI: Charge Advice Information

call in progress or Call set up in progress

requestgenerationof CAI

Request of generation of CAI

applies to AoC initiation or charge modification.

generateCAI

send CAI

start timerT(AoC)

wait for AoCacknowledge

wait for AoCacknowledge

AoCacknowledge

stop timerT(Aoc)

call in progress

Timer T(AoC)expired

Clear call

idle

Callcleared

stop timerT(AoC)

Advice of Charge (AoC) Supplementary Services (charging)


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Advice of Charge (AoC) Supplementary Services (chageing)•This service provides the means by which the MS may indicate the charge that will be made for the use of telecommunication services. It is intended for applications where the user is generally not the subscriber but is known to the subscriber, and where the user pays the subscriber, rather than the Service Provider. •When required to indicate the total accumulated charge, the MS shall be able to display, and the SIM/USIM shall store in the ACM, the running cumulative unit charge. This value must be stored securely, and all reasonable steps shall be taken to ensure that the written value cannot be interrupted, reset or corrupted (except resetting under control of the unblocking key).

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Other services supported by PLMNs(1)

International Mobile Station Equipment Identity (IMEI) Personalization of Mobile Equipment (ME) Man-Machine Interface (MMI) of the User Equipment (UE) High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD) USIM/SIM Application Toolkit (USAT/SAT) Operator Determined Barring (ODB) Network Identity and Time zone (NITZ) Support of Localised Service Area (SoLSA) Mobile Station Application Execution Environment

(MExE)

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Other services supported by PLMNs(2)

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Support of Mobile Number Portability (MNP) enhanced Multi‑Level Precedence and Pre‑emption service

(eMLPP) Location Services (LCS) Call Deflection (CD) Customised Applications for Mobile network Enhanced

Logic(CAMEL) Completion of Calls to Busy Subscriber (CCBS) Multiple Subscriber Profile (MSP) Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)

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References

http://www.cwts.org/cwts/itu.htm http://www.iec.org/online/tutorials/umts/index.html

Wei Lin [email protected] Mingdi Zhao rogermzhao@hotmail

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