WEEKLY WEATHER ... · 27/10/2020 · Paso Robles, CA, collected a daily-record high of 98°F on...

Volume 108, No. 15 www.usda.gov/oce/weather-drought-monitor April 13, 2021

(Continued on page 3)

Contents

Crop Moisture Maps ................................................................. 2 Temperature Departure Map .................................................... 3 Extreme Maximum & Minimum Temperature Maps .................. 4 April 6 Drought Monitor & Soil Temperature Map ..................... 5 National Weather Data for Selected Cities ............................... 6 March Fieldwork Summary & Historical Perspective .......... 9 National Agricultural Summary ............................................... 10 Crop Progress and Condition Tables ...................................... 11 April 8 ENSO Update ............................................................ 15 International Weather and Crop Summary ............................. 16 Bulletin Information & U.S. Crop Production Highlights ....................................... 28

WEEKLY WEATHER AND CROP BULLETIN

ack-to-back storm systems delivered widespread rain across the eastern half of country, except in the

Northeast and along the southern Atlantic Coast. Weekly precipitation totaled 2 to 4 inches or more in several areas, including the middle Mississippi Valley and the central Gulf Coast region. Substantial precipitation also fell in parts of the upper Midwest, delivering drought relief in South Dakota and moistening soils in the upper Mississippi Valley. However, much of Montana and North Dakota remained extremely dry. Worsening

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE National Agricultural Statistics Service and World Agricultural Outlook Board

HIGHLIGHTS April 4 – 10, 2021 Highlights provided by USDA/WAOB

2 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin April 13, 2021

April 13, 2021 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin 3 (Continued from front cover) dryness also affected the southern High Plains, including most of Texas. In fact, completely dry weather prevailed during the week in hard-hit drought areas from California to the southern High Plains, causing premature melting of mountain snowpack and further reducing moisture reserves for rangeland, pastures, rain-fed small grains, and spring-sown crops. Elsewhere, spotty showers preceded and accompanied a transition to cooler weather (weekly temperatures up to 5°F below normal) in the Northwest. However, some agricultural production areas of the interior Northwest remained unfavorably dry. Most of the remainder of the country experienced warmer-than-normal weather, despite cooler conditions late in the week across much of the western and central U.S. The most dramatic warmth affected the Great Lakes region, where temperatures averaged at least 10 to 20°F above normal. In fact, readings averaged at least 5°F above normal throughout the central and eastern U.S., except across the lower Southeast. Following early-April warmth across the nation’s mid-section, late-week temperatures began to tumble. As a result, widespread freezes were reported as far south as the central High Plains. Late-week readings below 20°F were common into western Nebraska, although April 10 lows of 14°F in Alliance and 15°F in Sidney were not records for the date. Notably, cold air also settled across the Northwest, threatening a variety of blooming tree fruits. In Oregon, daily-record lows for April 9 dipped to 12°F in Baker City; 14°F in Burns; and 17°F in Klamath Falls. Earlier, however, warmth had dominated the country, excluding the Northwest and lower Southeast. The week began on April 4-5 with consecutive daily-record highs in locations such as North Platte, NE (86 and 90°F); Goodland, KS (87 and 88°F); Pueblo, CO (86°F both days); and Sioux Falls, SD (84 and 90°F). In the Desert Southwest, daily-record highs soared to 98°F (on April 4) in Phoenix, AZ, and 99°F (on April 5) in Needles, CA. Record-setting warmth also arrived in the upper Great Lakes States, where daily-record highs for April 5 included 85°F in Eau Claire, WI, and Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN. Warm weather lingered for several days in Michigan; from April 6-8, Gaylord, MI, tallied a trio of daily-record highs (77, 81, and 81°F). In neighboring Ohio, consecutive daily-record highs occurred on April 7-8 in Toledo (84 and 79°F) and Akron-Canton (82 and 83°F). With a high of 87°F on the 8th, Erie, PA, observed its second-highest April temperature on record, behind only 89°F on April 28, 1990. Farther east, Augusta, ME, closed the week with consecutive daily-record highs (67 and 78°F, respectively) on April 9-10. Meanwhile, Del Rio, TX, logged a pair of daily-record highs (102 and 103°F, respectively) on April 8-9. As unsettled weather developed early in the week in the Northwest, high winds affected parts of the Southwest. In southern California, a wind gust to 97 mph was clocked on April 5 in Indian Wells Canyon. Meanwhile in Wyoming, Greybull (0.57 inch) and Worland (0.45 inch) received daily-record precipitation totals for April 6. The following day, record-setting amounts for April 7

reached 2.10 inches in Quincy, IL, and 1.56 inches in Sisseton, SD. Late in the week, another round of Midwestern rain resulted in a daily-record totals for April 10 in Moline, IL (2.55 inches), and Burlington, IA (2.39 inches). Heavy rain also soaked the central Gulf Coast region, where Mobile, AL, collected 3.48 inches—a record for April 10. On the same date, a thunderstorm in Jacksonville, FL, produced a wind gust to 60 mph—the second-highest April gust on record in that location, behind only 67 mph on April 25, 1992. Elsewhere, January 1 – April 10 precipitation totals in North Dakota totaled less than one-half inch in locations such as Bismarck (0.49 inch, or 23 percent of normal), Jamestown (0.39 inch, or 19 percent), and Minot (0.22 inch, or 11 percent). Winter-like weather persisted in Alaska, holding weekly temperatures more than 20°F below normal at several interior locations. On April 8-9, Anchorage collected consecutive daily-record lows (9 and 6°F, respectively). Alaskan daily-record lows for April 9 plunged to -27°F in Fairbanks; -22°F in McGrath; and -5°F in King Salmon. The last time King Salmon experienced a sub-zero temperature so late in the spring was 1986, when a low of -1°F occurred on April 9. Fairbanks reported a lower temperature (-29°F, not a record for the date) on the 10th, representing the lowest April reading in that location since 1944, when a low of -32°F occurred on April 3. On April 9, Fairbanks’ high of 3°F marked its latest-ever, single-digit maximum (previously, 8°F on April 7, 1986). Meanwhile, significant Alaskan precipitation was mostly confined to the southern tier of the state. Juneau received 10.3 inches of snow during the first 10 days of the month, aided by a daily-record total of 5.8 inches on April 9. Juneau has received a greater amount of April snowfall only twice in the last half-century: 2008 (with 13.7 inches) and 2013 (with 12.1 inches). Farther south, rather typical spring weather prevailed in early April across Hawaii, following a wet March. With showers mainly limited to windward locations, April 1-10 rainfall at the state’s major airport observation sites ranged from a trace in Honolulu, Oahu, to 5.60 inches (131 percent of normal) at Hilo, on the Big Island.

April 13, 2021 Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin 5

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The Drought Monitor focuses on broad-scale conditions.Local conditions may vary. For more information on theDrought Monitor, go to https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/About.aspx

droughtmonitor.unl.edu

U.S. Drought Monitor April 6, 2021

Valid 8 a.m. EDT

(Released Thursday, Apr. 8, 2021)

Drought Impact Types:

S = Short-Term, typically less than 6 months (e.g. agriculture, grasslands)

L = Long-Term, typically greater than 6 months (e.g. hydrology, ecology)

Delineates dominant impacts

Intensity:

D0 Abnormally DryD1 Moderate DroughtD2 Severe DroughtD3 Extreme DroughtD4 Exceptional Drought

None

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Author:Deborah BathkeNational Drought Mitigation Center


NUMBER OF DAYS

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AK ANCHORAGE 29 15 42 4 22 -11 0.06 -0.06 0.06 1.05 138 2.63 117 65 36 0 6 1 0BARROW -5 -16 0 -21 -10 0 0.01 -0.04 0.01 0.25 150 0.85 176 75 66 0 7 1 0FAIRBANKS 18 -11 34 -28 3 -23 0.64 0.57 0.64 2.19 560 3.55 251 82 43 0 7 1 1JUNEAU 37 30 42 23 33 -5 1.49 0.76 0.55 7.65 159 18.17 127 89 67 0 4 6 1KODIAK 41 27 51 18 34 -2 0.10 -1.29 0.09 1.99 26 19.37 88 72 41 0 6 2 0NOME 10 -9 19 -21 1 -15 0.07 -0.07 0.05 2.35 270 3.48 124 78 52 0 7 2 0

AL BIRMINGHAM 78 53 82 39 66 5 3.21 2.15 1.69 12.76 188 19.61 121 83 39 0 0 3 2HUNTSVILLE 77 50 80 40 64 4 1.86 0.84 1.61 13.09 195 20.76 126 94 41 0 0 3 1MOBILE 76 56 80 41 66 1 4.15 2.98 3.46 9.41 119 14.44 77 100 51 0 0 3 2MONTGOMERY 79 54 84 40 66 4 2.20 1.13 1.29 10.20 135 15.37 88 89 43 0 0 3 2

AR FORT SMITH 75 49 81 42 62 3 0.27 -0.66 0.27 3.86 75 7.41 69 87 40 0 0 1 0LITTLE ROCK 75 49 80 41 62 2 0.52 -0.61 0.41 5.10 80 12.60 93 91 44 0 0 3 0

AZ FLAGSTAFF 68 30 73 22 49 8 0.00 -0.33 0.00 2.19 84 6.63 97 51 9 0 5 0 0PHOENIX 94 65 98 59 79 9 0.00 -0.11 0.00 0.37 31 0.81 26 24 6 7 0 0 0PRESCOTT 75 42 81 34 58 8 0.00 -0.14 0.00 0.64 49 2.55 66 39 9 0 0 0 0TUCSON 91 59 96 54 75 10 0.00 -0.11 0.00 0.31 34 1.02 36 23 5 4 0 0 0

CA BAKERSFIELD 78 51 84 48 64 4 0.00 -0.15 0.00 0.74 51 1.79 46 62 23 0 0 0 0EUREKA 51 40 54 36 45 -5 0.00 -0.89 0.00 2.21 33 11.20 59 92 76 0 0 0 0FRESNO 77 49 80 47 63 3 0.00 -0.26 0.00 1.32 54 4.97 74 71 24 0 0 0 0LOS ANGELES 66 53 68 51 59 0 0.00 -0.23 0.00 1.31 60 3.20 39 88 58 0 0 0 0REDDING 75 45 80 42 60 4 0.00 -0.59 0.00 2.54 48 8.65 53 83 25 0 0 0 0SACRAMENTO 72 46 78 44 59 2 0.00 -0.31 0.00 1.06 33 4.46 43 86 34 0 0 0 0SAN DIEGO 69 58 72 56 64 3 0.00 -0.24 0.00 1.47 67 3.36 52 82 57 0 0 0 0SAN FRANCISCO 60 51 63 49 55 -1 0.00 -0.38 0.00 1.35 38 5.43 46 74 53 0 0 0 0STOCKTON 72 42 77 37 57 0 0.00 -0.28 0.00 0.96 37 5.87 75 93 33 0 0 0 0

CO ALAMOSA 66 20 72 14 43 4 0.00 -0.13 0.00 0.24 33 0.74 55 61 7 0 7 0 0CO SPRINGS 69 35 79 25 52 8 0.00 -0.26 0.00 1.41 101 2.82 132 59 14 0 2 0 0DENVER INTL 68 35 81 25 51 6 0.08 -0.21 0.08 3.01 225 4.02 184 69 18 0 2 1 0GRAND JUNCTION 71 38 81 30 54 5 0.00 -0.24 0.00 0.52 40 1.19 49 40 9 0 2 0 0PUEBLO 76 34 86 23 55 7 0.00 -0.27 0.00 0.72 54 1.76 85 57 10 0 3 0 0

CT BRIDGEPORT 64 42 67 33 53 6 0.00 -1.00 0.00 3.02 55 8.48 74 81 40 0 0 0 0HARTFORD 70 39 76 25 54 8 0.00 -0.87 0.00 2.53 52 8.22 75 74 28 0 1 0 0

DC WASHINGTON 73 51 83 44 62 8 0.63 -0.12 0.59 4.36 96 10.80 108 77 39 0 0 2 1DE WILMINGTON 68 47 71 42 57 7 0.48 -0.36 0.27 5.37 103 11.65 107 75 38 0 0 4 0FL DAYTONA BEACH 81 55 89 50 68 0 0.00 -0.62 0.00 0.91 17 5.07 47 90 38 0 0 0 0

JACKSONVILLE 81 49 85 41 65 0 0.13 -0.55 0.13 2.50 50 10.36 90 95 35 0 0 1 0KEY WEST 82 71 85 68 76 1 0.00 -0.46 0.00 0.05 1 1.45 23 75 53 0 0 0 0MIAMI 80 65 85 61 73 -2 0.00 -0.70 0.00 1.95 48 5.33 67 75 48 0 0 0 0ORLANDO 82 56 90 52 69 -1 0.25 -0.44 0.25 2.27 47 5.10 53 92 36 1 0 1 0PENSACOLA 76 57 82 44 67 2 4.80 3.72 4.03 9.37 126 15.06 88 97 52 0 0 3 2TALLAHASSEE 76 48 81 39 62 -2 0.91 0.06 0.66 2.73 38 13.04 79 96 51 0 0 2 1TAMPA 81 62 85 55 71 1 0.47 -0.04 0.47 1.67 44 6.21 70 79 40 0 0 1 0WEST PALM BEACH 81 64 86 58 72 0 0.78 -0.13 0.78 1.72 29 4.63 39 74 43 0 0 1 1

GA ATHENS 79 50 85 35 64 5 0.85 0.07 0.85 5.19 93 12.50 88 82 37 0 0 1 1ATLANTA 77 54 81 40 65 6 0.45 -0.35 0.45 4.15 69 11.40 76 77 38 0 0 1 0AUGUSTA 82 46 87 34 64 4 0.08 -0.63 0.08 4.77 91 16.02 122 96 29 0 0 1 0COLUMBUS 76 51 81 37 64 1 1.14 0.24 0.96 6.78 99 14.99 99 92 41 0 0 2 1MACON 78 48 83 33 63 1 0.15 -0.63 0.15 6.49 113 14.02 97 95 42 0 0 1 0SAVANNAH 79 51 83 37 65 1 0.08 -0.67 0.06 5.70 119 11.69 104 88 35 0 0 2 0

HI HILO 78 67 79 65 73 1 4.86 1.91 1.84 32.08 181 60.73 166 88 57 0 0 7 4HONOLULU 80 69 82 67 75 -1 0.00 -0.20 0.00 3.97 171 8.69 131 72 44 0 0 0 0KAHULUI 79 66 80 64 73 -1 0.04 -0.39 0.03 8.22 265 12.49 159 95 59 0 0 2 0LIHUE 79 70 80 67 74 1 0.59 -0.06 0.46 12.67 227 18.05 145 79 55 0 0 4 0

IA BURLINGTON 68 51 79 44 59 9 3.54 2.78 2.38 6.13 160 7.87 117 89 57 0 0 3 2CEDAR RAPIDS 67 49 79 39 58 12 1.41 0.80 0.68 3.18 108 4.10 80 90 55 0 0 4 2DES MOINES 69 50 83 42 60 11 1.17 0.41 1.02 3.73 112 5.11 90 85 54 0 0 4 1DUBUQUE 67 49 77 40 58 13 1.69 0.91 1.10 3.50 100 5.34 87 92 50 0 0 5 1SIOUX CITY 67 44 86 32 56 10 1.14 0.51 0.97 4.76 164 6.53 156 84 51 0 1 2 1WATERLOO 69 50 82 33 60 14 0.40 -0.35 0.21 2.38 77 4.44 89 87 51 0 0 5 0

ID BOISE 62 37 73 28 50 1 0.00 -0.28 0.00 0.86 48 3.87 95 56 21 0 1 0 0LEWISTON 61 37 67 31 49 -1 0.00 -0.28 0.00 0.40 25 2.57 74 72 23 0 1 0 0POCATELLO 60 30 74 21 45 1 0.55 0.29 0.35 1.80 111 3.76 104 74 23 0 3 2 0

IL CHICAGO/O_HARE 72 53 82 43 62 17 0.62 -0.13 0.36 1.85 52 4.17 59 77 49 0 0 2 0MOLINE 69 51 81 36 60 12 3.16 2.37 2.52 5.67 143 8.82 124 84 52 0 0 4 1PEORIA 71 50 80 44 61 12 1.16 0.35 0.80 4.32 109 8.58 114 84 49 0 0 4 1ROCKFORD 71 50 81 38 60 14 1.50 0.73 0.75 2.98 87 5.74 92 83 47 0 0 4 2SPRINGFIELD 73 52 81 47 62 12 1.27 0.54 0.62 5.87 160 10.32 141 84 47 0 0 3 2

IN EVANSVILLE 79 52 86 43 65 12 0.26 -0.67 0.18 4.81 86 12.44 105 82 34 0 0 3 0FORT WAYNE 75 46 81 36 61 14 0.61 -0.23 0.42 3.24 83 6.53 79 84 38 0 0 3 0INDIANAPOLIS 74 51 79 43 62 12 2.06 1.19 1.55 5.85 123 9.78 100 78 44 0 0 3 1SOUTH BEND 73 50 80 42 62 16 1.01 0.29 0.61 3.35 98 6.73 88 77 41 0 0 3 1

KS CONCORDIA 71 47 86 39 59 9 0.61 0.09 0.28 3.41 123 4.55 109 84 39 0 0 5 0DODGE CITY 72 41 85 32 56 6 0.04 -0.34 0.04 4.03 188 4.41 129 82 29 0 1 1 0GOODLAND 69 32 88 23 51 4 0.04 -0.28 0.04 4.00 261 4.74 193 79 19 0 4 1 0TOPEKA 71 47 81 36 59 7 1.30 0.56 0.56 5.15 146 7.70 134 87 50 0 0 4 1

Based on 1981-2010 normals *** Not Available

TEMPERATURE ˚F PRECIPITATION

National Weather Data for Selected CitiesWeather Data for the Week Ending April 10, 2021

Data Provided by Climate Prediction Center

PRECIPSTATES AND

STATIONS

RELATIVE HUMIDITY PERCENT TEMP. ˚F


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WICHITA 73 47 78 37 60 7 0.06 -0.45 0.03 4.91 143 7.80 142 87 43 0 0 3 0KY LEXINGTON 73 49 79 41 61 8 0.74 -0.03 0.58 5.35 102 14.70 127 76 42 0 0 2 1

LOUISVILLE 79 53 84 43 66 11 1.32 0.47 0.90 5.93 109 15.57 132 74 32 0 0 3 1PADUCAH 76 53 83 41 64 9 0.91 -0.11 0.73 5.43 101 14.01 108 80 37 0 0 4 1

LA BATON ROUGE 82 58 87 47 70 4 2.65 1.91 2.07 7.50 113 14.85 84 93 43 0 0 2 2LAKE CHARLES 82 61 86 56 71 5 2.19 1.43 1.73 7.07 150 11.88 88 97 49 0 0 3 1NEW ORLEANS 80 62 86 52 71 4 5.03 4.00 2.68 14.78 243 21.38 129 88 50 0 0 2 2SHREVEPORT 80 55 84 51 67 4 1.63 0.64 1.42 6.51 117 12.53 86 84 37 0 0 2 1

MA BOSTON 62 44 78 33 53 8 0.00 -0.97 0.00 2.76 48 7.77 63 67 40 0 0 0 0WORCESTER 64 42 73 33 53 10 0.00 -1.02 0.00 2.26 39 7.73 62 70 32 0 0 0 0

MD BALTIMORE 71 49 78 41 60 9 0.44 -0.33 0.37 4.37 86 11.26 103 71 38 0 0 2 0ME CARIBOU 56 35 69 21 46 11 0.60 -0.01 0.46 3.74 112 7.51 91 87 47 0 2 3 0

PORTLAND 59 36 69 23 47 6 0.01 -1.02 0.01 3.48 60 8.29 67 91 49 0 1 1 0MI ALPENA 63 38 68 27 50 12 0.23 -0.33 0.17 1.24 47 2.67 47 95 47 0 1 2 0

GRAND RAPIDS 73 46 80 33 59 15 1.40 0.64 0.96 2.90 84 5.59 76 90 44 0 0 3 1HOUGHTON LAKE 70 44 78 26 57 18 0.36 -0.22 0.29 1.33 49 3.19 59 92 40 0 1 4 0LANSING 74 46 80 33 60 15 1.30 0.60 0.91 2.90 95 5.83 94 90 36 0 0 4 1MUSKEGON 72 48 80 33 60 17 1.41 0.74 0.75 1.91 59 5.13 72 82 42 0 0 5 1TRAVERSE CITY 73 46 83 28 60 20 0.45 -0.20 0.31 0.97 35 1.67 23 87 42 0 1 3 0

MN DULUTH 52 40 66 37 46 10 1.08 0.59 0.42 3.65 168 4.75 119 86 64 0 0 4 0INT_L FALLS 55 34 73 27 44 9 2.05 1.74 0.81 2.39 172 3.09 119 84 50 0 3 3 3MINNEAPOLIS 68 47 85 42 57 14 1.47 0.91 0.67 4.27 159 5.65 128 86 52 0 0 5 1ROCHESTER 68 45 81 38 56 0 0.53 -0.14 0.40 2.59 92 4.26 93 86 53 0 0 2 0ST. CLOUD 61 42 84 35 51 11 2.57 2.06 0.78 4.99 219 6.17 174 87 58 0 0 5 3

MO COLUMBIA 71 49 82 43 60 8 2.66 1.72 1.28 8.40 200 12.60 150 89 48 0 0 3 2KANSAS CITY 71 50 82 41 60 8 2.43 1.70 1.23 5.84 172 8.83 148 86 53 0 0 4 2SAINT LOUIS 74 53 82 47 64 10 2.07 1.26 1.04 7.18 160 12.62 138 74 41 0 0 3 2SPRINGFIELD 72 48 80 44 60 7 1.87 0.98 1.01 10.15 208 15.32 155 91 47 0 0 3 2

MS JACKSON 82 55 88 47 68 6 3.33 2.08 2.54 9.46 138 15.22 91 87 38 0 0 3 2MERIDIAN 81 53 87 40 67 7 3.84 2.67 1.89 16.37 230 24.00 134 88 38 0 0 4 2TUPELO 79 51 84 40 65 5 4.85 3.78 2.91 14.57 229 23.15 146 91 39 0 0 4 3

MT BILLINGS 62 35 77 29 48 5 0.26 -0.10 0.12 0.93 58 2.22 86 77 21 0 2 3 0BUTTE 51 25 64 15 38 1 0.12 -0.13 0.11 0.46 40 1.33 64 81 24 0 7 2 0CUT BANK 54 29 64 23 42 3 0.10 -0.05 0.05 0.19 26 0.32 26 87 28 0 6 4 0GLASGOW 65 33 76 27 49 7 0.00 -0.15 0.00 0.14 21 0.33 24 67 19 0 3 0 0GREAT FALLS 57 29 69 23 43 2 0.34 0.04 0.34 0.76 56 1.65 70 84 26 0 5 1 0HAVRE 62 29 71 20 46 4 0.04 -0.12 0.04 0.19 23 1.01 68 80 19 0 5 1 0MISSOULA 57 29 68 22 43 -1 0.07 -0.20 0.07 0.30 20 2.02 67 88 30 0 6 1 0

NC ASHEVILLE 73 43 80 31 58 5 1.06 0.28 1.06 10.34 209 17.74 143 94 32 0 1 1 1CHARLOTTE 80 49 86 36 64 7 0.41 -0.32 0.39 4.83 95 13.75 116 81 33 0 0 2 0GREENSBORO 79 50 83 38 64 8 0.50 -0.33 0.35 5.43 110 14.79 136 75 30 0 0 2 0HATTERAS 72 55 75 46 63 6 0.22 -0.68 0.22 3.89 63 17.94 116 87 52 0 0 1 0RALEIGH 81 50 86 36 65 7 0.50 -0.20 0.43 1.96 38 13.02 109 84 33 0 0 2 0WILMINGTON 82 54 89 40 68 7 0.13 -0.54 0.13 2.71 52 12.94 103 81 31 0 0 1 0

ND BISMARCK 66 28 77 20 47 7 0.00 -0.26 0.00 0.07 5 0.49 21 66 17 0 5 0 0DICKINSON 65 28 76 23 47 8 0.00 -0.28 0.00 0.03 2 0.03 1 58 15 0 5 0 0FARGO 58 37 72 30 47 8 1.20 0.94 0.73 1.36 80 1.94 64 81 45 0 2 4 1GRAND FORKS 60 31 71 24 45 8 0.64 0.43 0.49 0.87 67 1.31 55 78 32 0 5 2 0JAMESTOWN 63 32 73 22 47 9 0.00 -0.24 0.00 0.08 6 0.46 21 67 27 0 3 0 0

NE GRAND ISLAND 69 43 90 35 56 9 0.12 -0.37 0.06 8.55 341 10.13 271 80 36 1 0 3 0LINCOLN 71 46 89 34 58 10 1.43 0.91 0.85 6.62 247 8.28 201 85 47 0 0 4 1NORFOLK 66 44 85 32 55 9 1.28 0.72 0.57 6.91 271 7.72 197 82 47 0 1 3 1NORTH PLATTE 68 30 90 20 49 4 0.04 -0.39 0.02 3.42 206 5.24 204 83 30 1 4 3 0OMAHA 70 50 88 41 60 11 0.85 0.24 0.61 5.39 189 7.59 170 87 50 0 0 4 1SCOTTSBLUFF 70 29 86 19 49 5 0.05 -0.34 0.02 1.76 112 2.74 105 80 19 0 4 3 0VALENTINE 66 33 89 24 49 6 1.39 0.96 0.83 3.80 227 4.95 199 78 29 0 3 3 2

NH CONCORD 67 34 79 19 50 8 0.00 -0.80 0.00 1.72 39 6.20 63 85 30 0 2 0 0NJ ATLANTIC_CITY 66 41 73 37 54 5 0.04 -0.89 0.03 5.17 92 13.65 117 84 41 0 0 2 0

NEWARK 67 47 71 42 57 7 0.01 -1.01 0.01 3.22 56 10.34 86 70 33 0 0 1 0NM ALBUQUERQUE 76 46 81 39 61 8 0.00 -0.15 0.00 0.12 15 0.73 43 31 6 0 0 0 0NV ELY 64 22 72 11 43 3 0.00 -0.24 0.00 1.35 103 2.39 85 57 11 0 6 0 0

LAS VEGAS 86 62 90 56 74 9 0.00 -0.06 0.00 0.60 109 0.70 37 17 4 2 0 0 0RENO 70 39 75 35 55 6 0.00 -0.11 0.00 0.06 6 1.46 48 55 11 0 0 0 0WINNEMUCCA 68 26 75 13 47 2 0.00 -0.21 0.00 0.80 69 2.90 109 57 10 0 6 0 0

NY ALBANY 66 38 74 26 52 8 0.00 -0.76 0.00 2.26 53 5.93 65 81 31 0 1 0 0BINGHAMTON 64 42 72 34 53 11 0.00 -0.82 0.00 2.08 50 6.52 73 74 30 0 0 0 0BUFFALO 71 44 84 33 58 15 0.13 -0.61 0.08 0.32 8 3.41 35 79 31 0 0 3 0ROCHESTER 67 40 79 30 53 10 0.06 -0.61 0.06 1.16 33 4.56 58 87 30 0 3 1 0SYRACUSE 69 40 81 30 55 11 0.01 -0.77 0.01 1.51 37 5.98 69 76 26 0 1 1 0

OH AKRON-CANTON 77 51 83 41 64 18 0.74 -0.08 0.63 2.78 67 6.67 73 77 29 0 0 4 1CINCINNATI 75 50 81 45 63 11 0.54 -0.35 0.51 3.71 71 10.65 97 76 38 0 0 2 1CLEVELAND 75 51 83 39 63 16 0.60 -0.24 0.31 2.01 48 4.94 54 78 30 0 0 3 0COLUMBUS 77 50 81 38 64 14 0.70 -0.09 0.45 3.48 84 7.95 87 83 31 0 0 2 0DAYTON 76 52 81 45 64 16 0.83 -0.08 0.52 3.81 82 8.27 87 70 35 0 0 3 1MANSFIELD 77 52 82 44 65 19 0.61 -0.37 0.39 2.31 48 6.22 62 78 30 0 0 3 0


TEMPERATURE ˚F PRECIPITATION

Weather Data for the Week Ending April 10, 2021

TEMP. ˚F PRECIPSTATES AND

STATIONS

RELATIVE HUMIDITY PERCENT


NUMBER OF DAYS

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TOLEDO 78 49 84 37 63 17 1.29 0.55 0.93 3.70 105 7.00 92 83 33 0 0 3 1YOUNGSTOWN 76 48 83 35 62 17 0.75 -0.06 0.65 2.39 58 5.80 66 78 26 0 0 3 1

OK OKLAHOMA CITY 74 48 79 41 61 3 0.00 -0.62 0.00 1.08 27 3.30 47 83 38 0 0 0 0TULSA 76 52 81 44 64 6 0.12 -0.62 0.09 3.39 78 6.48 82 79 40 0 0 2 0

OR ASTORIA 50 37 53 30 43 -5 0.31 -1.04 0.15 5.25 55 33.47 124 89 57 0 2 4 0BURNS 60 22 68 14 41 -1 0.00 -0.23 0.00 0.20 14 3.62 99 75 18 0 7 0 0EUGENE 58 35 65 29 47 -2 0.04 -0.84 0.02 1.70 27 11.23 60 88 42 0 3 2 0MEDFORD 67 39 75 34 53 1 0.00 -0.36 0.00 1.44 64 5.09 76 73 21 0 0 0 0PENDLETON 60 34 67 30 47 -2 0.00 -0.26 0.00 0.29 17 3.25 76 74 25 0 3 0 0PORTLAND 58 40 65 36 49 -2 0.09 -0.58 0.05 1.65 35 12.52 94 81 37 0 0 2 0SALEM 56 35 64 30 46 -3 0.09 -0.66 0.05 2.36 46 15.24 97 87 39 0 2 2 0

PA ALLENTOWN 67 45 72 40 56 9 0.02 -0.82 0.02 3.05 66 9.43 92 66 35 0 0 1 0ERIE 72 49 87 36 60 16 0.08 -0.73 0.06 1.20 29 6.92 73 75 33 0 0 2 0MIDDLETOWN 70 48 74 41 59 10 0.03 -0.69 0.03 2.72 61 9.07 93 71 36 0 0 1 0PHILADELPHIA 69 48 72 45 58 7 0.20 -0.66 0.18 4.35 86 10.74 100 69 36 0 0 2 0PITTSBURGH 76 49 82 35 62 14 0.47 -0.23 0.39 4.22 106 8.33 92 77 27 0 0 2 0WILKES-BARRE 69 44 74 35 56 11 0.08 -0.67 0.07 3.12 86 7.95 99 69 30 0 0 2 0WILLIAMSPORT 69 44 76 36 56 10 0.01 -0.77 0.01 2.30 56 7.51 82 79 36 0 0 1 0

RI PROVIDENCE 66 40 74 29 53 7 0.01 -1.12 0.01 4.28 64 9.76 71 80 36 0 1 1 0SC CHARLESTON 81 53 86 37 67 4 0.00 -0.67 0.00 2.31 49 11.35 100 88 33 0 0 0 0

COLUMBIA 81 51 86 35 66 5 0.12 -0.50 0.10 3.51 76 15.12 128 81 30 0 0 2 0FLORENCE 82 51 86 37 67 5 0.07 -0.54 0.07 2.50 59 14.88 144 78 28 0 0 1 0GREENVILLE 78 49 85 36 64 5 0.51 -0.28 0.48 5.99 105 14.57 108 77 30 0 0 3 0

SD ABERDEEN 62 36 80 27 49 9 1.75 1.41 1.39 2.42 146 3.01 111 78 38 0 2 2 1HURON 63 37 88 26 50 7 1.00 0.51 0.89 2.62 121 3.35 102 90 44 0 1 3 1RAPID CITY 63 31 80 22 47 5 0.18 -0.12 0.18 1.07 77 1.67 76 72 24 0 4 1 0SIOUX FALLS 65 44 90 36 55 12 1.80 1.14 0.83 4.21 157 5.58 144 78 47 1 0 5 1

TN BRISTOL 76 42 81 30 59 6 0.24 -0.52 0.15 7.19 159 15.67 138 91 30 0 1 3 0CHATTANOOGA 80 51 83 37 65 7 0.29 -0.70 0.16 12.74 198 20.87 128 90 31 0 0 2 0KNOXVILLE 77 50 83 36 63 7 0.20 -0.74 0.18 9.21 161 16.11 112 86 33 0 0 2 0MEMPHIS 76 53 83 44 65 4 0.81 -0.42 0.64 10.05 145 20.27 132 78 42 0 0 3 1NASHVILLE 79 51 84 39 65 8 0.67 -0.17 0.44 12.42 233 19.61 150 79 31 0 0 3 0

TX ABILENE 82 52 93 43 67 5 0.00 -0.32 0.00 1.24 56 2.81 61 76 26 3 0 0 0AMARILLO 77 42 86 33 59 6 0.00 -0.29 0.00 1.24 67 2.20 70 77 18 0 0 0 0AUSTIN 86 60 92 53 73 6 0.00 -0.43 0.00 1.44 42 4.01 52 80 33 2 0 0 0BEAUMONT 80 59 84 51 69 3 0.28 -0.40 0.26 2.39 53 7.94 59 99 54 0 0 2 0BROWNSVILLE 87 70 93 63 78 5 0.00 -0.36 0.00 1.06 60 2.16 52 91 52 2 0 0 0CORPUS CHRISTI 83 66 88 60 74 4 0.01 -0.37 0.01 2.57 105 4.31 72 98 59 0 0 1 0DEL RIO 92 64 103 55 78 8 0.00 -0.31 0.00 0.23 14 0.87 29 71 24 4 0 0 0EL PASO 87 59 92 52 73 11 0.00 -0.06 0.00 0.00 0 0.72 55 28 7 1 0 0 0FORT WORTH 80 57 86 49 69 6 0.00 -0.61 0.00 2.94 67 6.05 66 77 32 0 0 0 0GALVESTON 78 67 84 63 73 5 0.11 0.00 0.07 1.97 0 4.19 0 90 66 0 0 3 0HOUSTON 83 59 88 50 71 3 0.03 -0.67 0.03 1.43 32 5.54 50 91 47 0 0 1 0LUBBOCK 80 47 89 35 64 6 0.00 -0.29 0.00 2.29 150 3.53 119 68 17 0 0 0 0MIDLAND 83 52 92 42 67 6 0.00 -0.15 0.00 0.24 29 0.76 35 64 16 2 0 0 0SAN ANGELO 85 53 97 44 69 5 0.01 -0.29 0.01 0.51 26 2.03 47 73 23 3 0 1 0SAN ANTONIO 88 63 95 57 75 8 0.06 -0.36 0.06 0.65 22 2.96 46 83 28 4 0 1 0VICTORIA 83 64 92 55 73 5 0.06 -0.57 0.06 0.90 24 2.44 29 94 49 1 0 1 0WACO 82 54 88 42 68 4 0.04 -0.48 0.04 1.07 27 3.73 43 87 39 0 0 1 0WICHITA FALLS 80 50 88 42 65 5 0.00 -0.48 0.00 1.30 45 2.71 47 87 33 0 0 0 0

UT SALT LAKE CITY 65 40 79 34 53 4 0.12 -0.35 0.08 1.64 66 4.17 84 63 18 0 0 2 0VA LYNCHBURG 77 48 84 34 62 9 1.59 0.81 1.30 4.80 102 12.79 119 80 40 0 0 2 1

NORFOLK 74 52 78 39 63 7 0.47 -0.32 0.47 2.53 53 12.45 110 77 39 0 0 1 0RICHMOND 78 48 84 35 63 7 0.18 -0.61 0.15 4.22 81 12.77 116 82 34 0 0 2 0ROANOKE 75 50 85 42 62 8 1.02 0.24 0.99 3.89 85 12.30 119 78 42 0 0 3 1WASH/DULLES 73 46 83 34 59 8 0.63 -0.20 0.46 3.14 68 9.23 92 84 40 0 0 3 0

VT BURLINGTON 65 40 77 28 53 12 0.02 -0.61 0.02 1.27 40 4.47 64 75 33 0 1 1 0WA OLYMPIA 55 31 63 26 43 -4 0.32 -0.60 0.12 3.30 49 22.51 113 95 43 0 5 5 0

QUILLAYUTE 49 33 53 28 41 -5 0.68 -1.30 0.44 10.20 74 36.72 94 97 61 0 3 3 0SEATTLE-TACOMA 53 38 60 35 46 -3 0.27 -0.43 0.16 2.85 60 15.98 116 88 45 0 0 3 0SPOKANE 53 33 58 28 43 -2 0.10 -0.23 0.09 0.37 17 3.91 74 73 27 0 4 2 0YAKIMA 60 33 68 23 46 -1 0.00 -0.12 0.00 0.07 8 2.43 87 65 22 0 4 0 0

WI EAU CLAIRE 70 45 85 36 58 16 1.09 0.51 0.68 1.94 76 2.59 60 88 47 0 0 3 1GREEN BAY 68 46 79 32 57 17 0.65 0.07 0.23 1.89 71 3.33 67 87 54 0 1 5 0LA CROSSE 71 52 82 40 62 17 0.74 0.04 0.27 2.25 75 3.78 72 80 48 0 0 3 0MADISON 69 49 79 34 59 16 1.11 0.35 0.55 2.53 77 4.46 75 87 50 0 0 4 1MILWAUKEE 68 49 81 41 59 16 0.89 0.07 0.34 1.72 50 4.88 71 83 55 0 0 5 0

WV BECKLEY 73 47 77 37 60 11 0.44 -0.31 0.31 5.09 110 13.71 135 76 31 0 0 3 0CHARLESTON 80 47 85 38 63 10 0.29 -0.44 0.16 3.69 74 10.60 95 88 24 0 0 3 0ELKINS 74 37 80 28 55 8 0.59 -0.27 0.40 2.82 54 9.40 81 84 22 0 2 2 0HUNTINGTON 78 49 82 42 64 10 1.08 0.30 0.69 3.92 78 11.24 102 79 30 0 0 2 1

WY CASPER 60 32 75 28 46 5 0.16 -0.10 0.16 2.92 242 4.23 184 80 22 0 6 1 0CHEYENNE 61 32 75 26 47 6 0.00 -0.34 0.00 0.71 46 1.36 56 77 20 0 4 0 0LANDER 60 32 76 26 46 5 0.81 0.43 0.67 3.45 201 3.70 134 86 27 0 4 3 1SHERIDAN 63 32 77 27 47 6 0.57 0.27 0.56 2.01 142 3.98 159 81 26 0 5 2 1


RELATIVE HUMIDITY PERCENT

TEMPERATURE ˚F PRECIPITATIONSTATES

AND STATIONS

TEMP. ˚F PRECIP

Weather Data for the Week Ending April 10, 2021


March Agricultural Summary and Historical Perspective

Fieldwork Fieldwork summary provided by USDA/NASS

Highlights: March was warmer than average for the eastern one-third of the country, as well as the nation’s midsection. Temperatures averaged 6°F or more above normal for much of the Great Lakes and Great Plains. Parts of Minnesota and the Dakotas recorded temperatures 9°F or more above normal. Most of the western one-third of the nation was moderately cooler than normal. During March, large parts of the Mississippi Valley, central Plains, and eastern Rockies received at least double the normal amounts of precipitation. Most of California, Florida, and Texas, along with the Northwest, northern Plains, and northern Rockies remained significantly drier than normal for the month.

Historical Perspective Weather summary provided by NOAA/NCEI

According to preliminary data provided by the National Centers for Environmental Information, the contiguous U.S. experienced its 14th-warmest, 60th-driest March during the 1895-2021 period of record. The nation’s monthly average temperature of 45.5°F was 4.0°F above the 1901-2000 mean, while precipitation averaged 2.45 inches—98 percent of normal. State temperature rankings ranged from the 51st-coldest March in California to top-ten rankings for March warmth in Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin (figure 1). North Dakota endured its second-driest March on record (only 1930 was drier)—and has experienced record-setting dryness over the last 8 months, from August 2020 – March 2021. During that 8-month period, North Dakota’s average precipitation total of 4.09 inches was just 53 percent of normal; the previous record of 4.38 inches had been set in 1897-98. Elsewhere, Montana also reported its second-driest March, while it was the 11th-driest March in Idaho, Washington, New York, and Vermont (figure 2). In contrast, top-five rankings for March wetness were observed in Kansas, Nebraska, and Tennessee. The only wetter March in Nebraska occurred in 1987.

The 12-month period from April 2020 – March 2021 was the driest such spell on record in Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. Previous records had been set in 1901-02, 1956-57, and 1976-77, respectively. Nevada tied a record for April-March dryness originally set in 1928-29, while California experienced its third-driest April-March period, behind only 1976-77 and 2013-14. Figure 1

Figure 2


National Agricultural Summary April 5 – 11, 2021

Weekly National Agricultural Summary provided by USDA/NASS

HIGHLIGHTS

During the week ending April 11, large sections of the central Appalachians, Florida, the Great Lakes, Mississippi Valley, central and northern Plains, and northern Rockies experienced above-normal precipitation. Parts of the Gulf Coast in Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi received rainfall totaling 4 inches or more. In contrast, most of California, New

England, the Pacific Northwest, Southwest, and Texas were drier than normal for the week. Meanwhile, temperatures were above normal for most of the nation during the week. Large parts of the Great Lakes and Northeast recorded temperatures 10°F or more above normal. In contrast, much of Florida and the Pacific Northwest were cooler than normal.

Corn: By April 11, producers had planted 4 percent of the nation’s corn crop, 1 percentage point ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Texas was the furthest advanced in planting progress, with 57 percent planted. Winter Wheat: By April 11, five percent of the nation’s winter wheat crop was headed, 1 percentage point behind the previous year and 2 points behind the 5-year average. On April 11, fifty-three percent of the 2021 winter wheat crop was reported in good to excellent condition, unchanged from the previous week but 9 percentage points below the same time last year. In Kansas, the largest winter wheat-producing state, 55 percent of the crop was rated in good to excellent condition. Cotton: Nationwide, 8 percent of the cotton crop was planted by April 11, one percentage point behind the previous year but 1 point ahead of the 5-year average. Planting progress was furthest advanced in Arizona at 34 percent, equal to last year but 1 percentage point ahead of the 5-year average. Sorghum: Fourteen percent of the nation’s sorghum acreage was planted by April 11, four percentage points behind the previous year and 3 points behind the 5-year average. Texas had planted 49 percent of its sorghum acreage by April 11, ten percentage points behind last year and 4 points behind the 5-year average. Rice: By April 11, producers had seeded 23 percent of the nation’s 2021 rice acreage, 3 percentage points ahead of the previous year but 5 points behind the

5-year average. Planting progress was furthest advanced in Texas and Louisiana, with 70 and 68 percent planted, respectively. By April 11, thirteen percent of the nation’s rice acreage had emerged, 1 percentage point behind last year but equal to the 5-year average. Small Grains: Nationally, oat producers had seeded 39 percent of this year’s acreage by April 11, eight percentage points ahead of the previous year and 6 points ahead of the 5-year average. Twenty-four percent of the nation’s oat acreage had emerged by April 11, equal to the previous year but 2 percentage points behind the 5-year average. Thirteen percent of the nation’s barley crop was planted by April 11, two percentage points ahead of both last year and the 5-year average. Planting progress was furthest advanced in Washington and Idaho, with 39 and 27 percent planted, respectively. By April 11, eleven percent of the nation’s spring wheat crop was seeded, 6 percentage points ahead of last year and 5 points ahead of the 5-year average. Planting progress was furthest advanced in Washington and South Dakota, with 50 and 30 percent planted, respectively. Other Crops: By April 11, seventeen percent of the nation’s sugarbeet crop was planted, 8 percentage points ahead of last year and 10 points ahead of the 5-year average. Planting progress was furthest advanced in Idaho and Michigan, with 48 and 46 percent planted, respectively.


Crop Progress and Condition Week Ending April 11, 2021

Weekly U.S. Progress and Condition Data provided by USDA/NASS

Prev Prev Apr 11 5-Yr Prev Prev Apr 11 5-Yr Prev Prev Apr 11 5-YrYear Week 2021 Avg Year Week 2021 Avg Year Week 2021 Avg

CO 0 0 1 0 AR 7 2 13 23 AR 0 0 0 4IL 1 0 5 1 CA 0 0 0 0 CA 0 0 0 0IN 1 0 2 1 LA 74 61 68 75 LA 61 35 60 55IA 0 0 1 0 MS 5 3 20 18 MS 0 0 2 5KS 5 2 8 8 MO 3 0 8 11 MO 0 0 0 0KY 10 0 10 7 TX 78 59 70 63 TX 63 32 47 43MI 0 0 1 0 6 Sts 20 14 23 28 6 Sts 14 8 13 13MN 0 0 0 0 These 6 States planted 100% These 6 States planted 100% MO 3 1 8 9 of last year's rice acreage. of last year's rice acreage.NE 0 0 0 0NC 25 1 16 20ND 0 0 2 0 Prev Prev Apr 11 5-Yr Prev Prev Apr 11 5-YrOH 0 0 2 0 Year Week 2021 Avg Year Week 2021 AvgPA 0 0 0 1 CO 0 0 0 0 ID 42 17 48 31SD 0 0 0 0 KS 0 0 0 0 MI 11 4 46 3TN 10 1 11 12 NE 0 0 0 0 MN 0 0 1 3TX 62 55 57 56 OK 0 0 0 3 ND 0 0 5 1WI 0 0 0 0 SD 0 0 0 0 4 Sts 9 4 17 718 Sts 3 2 4 3 TX 59 46 49 53 These 4 States planted 85%These 18 States planted 92% 6 Sts 18 14 14 17 of last year's sugarbeet acreage. of last year's corn acreage. These 6 States planted 100%

of last year's sorghum acreage.

Prev Prev Apr 11 5-YrYear Week 2021 Avg Prev Prev Apr 11 5-Yr Prev Prev Apr 11 5-Yr

AL 0 1 1 0 Year Week 2021 Avg Year Week 2021 AvgAZ 34 27 34 33 IA 26 12 37 21 IA 1 0 3 2AR 0 0 0 0 MN 3 4 19 5 MN 0 0 2 0CA 9 0 10 8 NE 30 18 40 33 NE 4 2 8 5GA 1 0 2 1 ND 0 1 2 1 ND 0 0 0 0KS 0 0 0 0 OH 22 9 40 13 OH 1 4 18 3LA 5 0 0 2 PA 17 8 41 17 PA 7 0 7 4MS 1 0 0 1 SD 4 6 20 13 SD 0 0 2 2MO 0 0 0 0 TX 100 100 100 100 TX 100 100 100 100NC 0 0 0 0 WI 8 4 19 5 WI 1 0 1 0OK 0 0 0 1 9 Sts 31 23 39 33 9 Sts 24 18 24 26SC 0 0 0 0 These 9 States planted 72% These 9 States planted 72%TN 0 0 0 0 of last year's oat acreage. of last year's oat acreage.TX 15 10 13 11VA 0 0 0 015 Sts 9 6 8 7These 15 States planted 99% of last year's cotton acreage.

Oats Percent Planted Oats Percent Emerged

Corn Percent Planted

Cotton Percent Planted

Rice Percent Planted Rice Percent Emerged

Sorghum Percent Planted Sugarbeets Percent Planted




Prev Prev Apr 11 5-Yr Prev Prev Apr 11 5-YrYear Week 2021 Avg VP P F G EX Year Week 2021 Avg

AR 29 3 12 30 AR 0 5 30 57 8 ID 39 16 26 24CA 13 1 5 24 CA 5 10 15 70 0 MN 0 1 7 2CO 0 0 0 0 CO 13 21 40 23 3 MT 2 1 6 5ID 0 0 0 0 ID 2 10 35 45 8 ND 0 1 8 2IL 1 2 3 2 IL 6 5 16 54 19 SD 5 11 30 14IN 0 0 0 0 IN 1 4 25 58 12 WA 55 14 50 32KS 0 0 0 1 KS 5 11 29 46 9 6 Sts 5 3 11 6MI 0 0 0 0 MI 2 3 23 61 11 These 6 States planted 100% MO 0 0 3 1 MO 0 5 37 51 7 of last year's spring wheat acreage.MT 0 0 0 0 MT 4 11 27 50 8NE 0 0 0 0 NE 6 13 38 41 2NC 14 0 3 7 NC 5 12 34 44 5 Prev Prev Apr 11 5-YrOH 0 0 0 0 OH 1 2 16 59 22 Year Week 2021 AvgOK 2 0 2 7 OK 2 6 22 66 4 ID 31 16 27 29OR 0 0 0 0 OR 2 4 29 48 17 MN 1 0 3 1SD 0 0 0 0 SD 2 12 48 38 0 MT 3 2 8 7TX 34 25 26 30 TX 16 20 36 22 6 ND 0 0 3 1WA 0 0 0 0 WA 1 5 20 67 7 WA 49 10 39 2118 Sts 6 4 5 7 18 Sts 6 11 30 46 7 5 Sts 11 5 13 11These 18 States planted 90% Prev Wk 5 11 31 47 6 These 5 States planted 81% of last year's winter wheat acreage. Prev Yr 3 7 28 53 9 of last year's barley acreage.

Winter Wheat Percent Headed Winter Wheat Condition byPercent

Barley Percent Planted

Spring Wheat Percent Planted

VP - Very Poor; P - Poor; F - Fair; G - Good; EX - Excellent

NA - Not Available; *Revised


Figure 1: Area-averaged upper-ocean heat content anomaly (°C) in the equatorial Pacific (5°N-5°S, 180º-100ºW). The heat

content anomaly is computed as the departure from the 1981-2010 base period pentad means.

ENSO Alert System Status: La Niña Advisory Synopsis: A transition from La Niña to ENSO-Neutral is likely in the next month or so, with an 80% chance of

ENSO-neutral during May-July 2021. La Niña continued during March, reflected by negative sea

surface temperatures (SST) anomalies, which extended across

much of the equatorial Pacific Ocean. SST anomalies weakened

but continue to oscillate week-to-week in most of the Niño index

regions, particularly in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Except for

Niño-1+2, the latest weekly Niño index values were at or near -

0.5ºC. Sub-surface ocean temperatures also weakened during

the month, with the integrated anomalies averaged between the

180-100°W becoming positive during the middle of the month

(Fig. 1). Currently, negative subsurface temperature anomalies

are present from the surface to approximately ~100m below the

surface only in the eastern Pacific between 110°W and 80°W.

Low-level easterly wind anomalies are present but weak across

the equatorial Pacific and are most notable in the far western

Pacific. Upper-level wind anomalies were westerly across most

of the tropical Pacific. The suppression of tropical convection

over the western and central Pacific persisted during March,

although the enhancement of rainfall around the Philippines and

Indonesia weakened. The Southern Oscillation and Equatorial

Southern Oscillation were weakly positive in March. Overall,

the trend in the coupled ocean-atmosphere system is consistent

with a weakening La Niña.

Most of the models in the IRI/CPC plume predict a transition to

ENSO-neutral during the Northern Hemisphere spring 2021.

The forecaster consensus agrees that a transition is imminent,

with a 50-50% chance of La Niña or ENSO-neutral for the

March-May average, and then predicts ENSO-neutral to

continue at least through the Northern Hemisphere summer. In

part, due to the uncertainty in predictions made at this time of

year, the forecast for the Northern Hemisphere Fall 2021 has

lower confidence with a 40-50% chance of either La Niña or

ENSO-Neutral, with a small chance for El Niño. In summary, a

transition from La Niña to ENSO-Neutral is likely in the next

month or so, with an 80% chance of ENSO-neutral during May-

July 2021 (click CPC/IRI consensus forecast for the chances in

each 3-month period).

This discussion is a consolidated effort of the National Oceanic

and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NOAA’s National

Weather Service, and their funded institutions. Oceanic and

atmospheric conditions are updated weekly on the Climate

Prediction Center web site (El Niño/La Niña Current Conditions

and Expert Discussions). Additional perspectives and analysis

are also available in an ENSO blog. A probabilistic strength

forecast is available here. The next ENSO Diagnostics

Discussion is scheduled for 13 May 2021. To receive an e-mail

notification when the monthly ENSO Diagnostic Discussions are

released, please send an e-mail message to: ncep.list.enso-

[email protected].

April 8 ENSO Diagnostic Discussion 1414EEnEN

http://iri.columbia.edu/our-expertise/climate/forecasts/enso/current/?enso_tab=enso-cpc_plume

http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/MJO/enso.shtml

http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/MJO/enso.shtml

http://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/enso/

https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/enso_advisory/strengths/

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


For additional information contact: [email protected]

International Weather and Crop Summary

April 4-10, 2021 International Weather and Crop Highlights and Summaries provided by USDA/WAOB

HIGHLIGHTS

EUROPE: A hard freeze threatened winter crops approaching or entering reproduction in France, while much-needed showers eased short-term dryness over much of western and northern Europe. WESTERN FSU: Cool, wet weather slowed winter crop development but maintained abundant moisture supplies for spring growth. MIDDLE EAST: Cool, showery weather benefited vegetative to reproductive wheat and barley across Turkey, while heat and dryness returned to central and eastern growing areas. NORTHWESTERN AFRICA: Despite some isolated showers, mostly dry and warm weather trimmed winter grain yield prospects somewhat. EASTERN ASIA: Wet weather across southern China benefited early-crop rice and rapeseed while also bringing favorably cooler conditions.

SOUTHEAST ASIA: Unseasonably wet weather in Thailand eased seasonal heat and boosted irrigation supplies ahead of the main planting season. AUSTRALIA: Rain returned to southern Queensland while mostly dry weather persisted in northern New South Wales. SOUTH AFRICA: Warm, dry weather fostered rapid maturation of corn and other summer crops. ARGENTINA: Wet weather overspread the region, disrupting fieldwork but helping to replenish moisture reserves for winter grains. BRAZIL: Scattered showers benefited second-season crops in central and northeastern Brazil. MEXICO: Showers dotted central and eastern sections of the southern plateau corn belt.

Showers (Turkey)

Heavy Showers Return

(Argentina)

Rain (S Queensland) Showers

Warm & Dry (South Africa)

Light Showers (S Mexico)

Freeze! (France)

Dry (S Brazil)

Warm & Dry

Wet

Cool & Wet (Western FSU)

Showers Ease Heat (Thailand)

Showers (W&N Europe)

Still Dry (Nrn NSW)



After recent warmth accelerated winter crop development, a hard freeze was untimely for late-vegetative to reproductive wheat and rapeseed. Winter crops were furthest along in France; growing degree day data indicated winter rapeseed was in the early stages of flowering, while wheat — which is grown over a large portion of the country — ranged from jointing (north) to heading (southwest). Early-flowering rapeseed was subjected to three consecutive nights with temperatures as low as -7°C, well below the threshold for freeze damage at this stage of development. Wheat, on the other hand, was largely able to withstand the bitter cold due to the crop being in the more freeze-tolerant jointing stage, though any crops that had reached heading were impacted. Furthermore, heading wheat in climatologically warmer southwestern France was subjected to two consecutive nights with readings as low as -4°C, more than enough to cause burnback or frost damage. The hard freeze encompassed most

of the remainder of Europe’s primary winter wheat and rapeseed areas, though minimum temperatures were mostly above the threshold for significant impacts. However, nighttime readings as low as -5°C in southeastern England may have caused some localized damage to more advanced winter crops, while in Hungary temperatures as low as -8°C may have caused burnback to any early-budding rapeseed. After a wet winter, the dry start to the spring was eased by this week’s widespread showers (5-25 mm, locally more) across Spain and from northern France eastward into much of eastern Europe. Furthermore, isolated heavy rain (40-115 mm) was reported in northwestern Poland, where a narrow line of heavy showers reformed over the same locale. The moisture across much of northern and western Europe was overall beneficial after the recent dry spell, while crop areas from southern France into northern Italy remained very dry (60-day rainfall less than 25 percent of normal).

EUROPE



Widespread rain continued, with cooler weather in the west contrasting with lingering warmth in the east. A slow-moving cold front was the focus for widespread light to moderate showers (5-20 mm), with a ribbon of heavy rainfall (25-60 mm) from Russia’s Black Sea Coast into the Volga District. Consequently, moisture supplies remained adequate to abundant

for greening (north and east) to vegetative (south) winter grains and oilseeds. However, crop development was slowed by the arrival of cooler weather (1-4°C below normal) across the western half of the region, while temperatures averaged up to 4°C above normal from the North Caucasus District northeastward into eastern portions of the Volga District.

WESTERN FSU



Cool, wet weather in Turkey contrasted with increasingly dry and hot conditions across central and eastern growing areas. A series of disturbances continued to track northeastward from the eastern Mediterranean Sea, producing 3 to 30 mm of rainfall over central and southern Turkey and 40 to 80 mm in the country’s northwestern Marmara Region. The recent uptick in wet weather in Turkey — which began during the second week of March — has provided a timely boost to soil moisture supplies for vegetative (north) to reproductive (south) winter wheat and barley. However, chilly weather (2-5°C below normal) in

central and western Turkey maintained a slower-than-normal pace of winter crop growth. Conversely, rain largely bypassed areas from the eastern Mediterranean Coast eastward, though a few scattered very light showers (1-3 mm) were noted in northwestern Iran. The dryness was accompanied by temperatures up to 4°C above normal, with daytime highs approaching or eclipsing 30°C from eastern Syria into Iran and reaching 38°C in central and southern Iraq. The heat exacerbated short-term dryness, particularly in southern and eastern Iran where 90-day rainfall has tallied a meager 25 percent of normal or less.

MIDDLE EAST



Despite a few scattered showers, mostly dry, warmer-than-normal weather prevailed. In Morocco, sunny skies facilitated the development of reproductive to filling wheat and barley. However, acute dryness since the first week of March (less than 30 percent of normal since March 7) in Morocco’s primary croplands has trimmed winter grain yield prospects somewhat. Light to moderate showers (1-25 mm) dotted the rest of the region, providing only localized relief from short-term dryness and drought. Despite timely rains during March in Algeria and Tunisia, year-to-date precipitation in both country’s croplands has averaged 60 percent of normal or less (locally less than 50 percent across Algeria’s central Tell Region and Tunisia’s Steppe Region). Although not as hot as

last week, the dryness was exacerbated by temperatures up to 3°C above normal, particularly in Algeria. Consequently, winter grains were progressing through reproduction with decreasing soil moisture and increasing temperatures, and rain will be needed soon in Algeria and Tunisia to stave off yield reductions. The latest satellite-derived Vegetation Health Index (VHI) continued to indicate good conditions across Morocco, though the crop vigor has slipped in recent weeks as wheat and barley progress through the filling stages of development. The same held true in Algeria and — to a lesser extent — Tunisia, with a decline in the VHI over recent weeks indicating the dryness and heat were reducing yield prospects for reproductive wheat and barley.

NORTHWESTERN AFRICA



A strong southerly fetch brought heavy showers into southern China during the first half of the period. Rainfall totals varied between 10 to almost 100 mm, bringing beneficial moisture to vegetative early-crop rice in the far southern provinces and reproductive rapeseed within the Yangtze Valley. In addition, lower temperatures (up to 6°C below normal) accompanied the rain, easing summer-like

heat that had been stressing winter crops, including wheat on the North China Plain. Meanwhile, warming weather in parts of northeastern China allowed for field preparations ahead of summer crop sowing. In addition, weekly average temperatures on the Korean Peninsula and southern Japan were also sufficient (greater than 10°C) to permit preparations for rice sowing.

EASTERN ASIA



A surge of moisture from the south brought heavy pre-monsoon showers to much of Thailand and the surrounding areas. Rainfall totals in most areas were well in excess of 25 mm, with some locales topping 150 mm. The unseasonably wet weather provided a brief break from sweltering seasonal heat, dropping daytime temperatures into the mid-30’s (degrees C). In addition,

the rain boosted irrigation supplies ahead of wet-season rice sowing that typically begins in May. Elsewhere, late-season showers (25-100 mm or more) continued across Malaysia and Indonesia, supporting oil palm and second-crop rice, while mostly dry weather prevailed in the Philippines, with showers (25-100 mm) generally confined to the south (Mindanao).

SOUTHEAST ASIA



After a brief respite, widespread showers (10-25 mm, locally near 50 mm) overspread southern Queensland once again, likely hampering or halting fieldwork in many areas. Drier weather would be welcome to help dry mature summer crops and to allow cotton and sorghum harvesting regain momentum. Farther south, mostly dry weather in northern New South Wales aided summer crop drydown and harvesting and helped stabilize yield prospects. Elsewhere

in the wheat belt, isolated showers in southern and western Australia favored pre-planting fieldwork but provided little additional moisture in advance of winter crop sowing. The typical planting window for wheat, barley, and canola often extends from mid-April into June each year. Temperatures averaged somewhat above normal in western and southeastern Australia (up to 2ºC above normal) and near normal in northeastern Australia.

AUSTRALIA



Mostly dry, sunny weather continued, fostering rapid maturation of corn and other summer row crops. Except for a few areas in North West and along the southeastern coast where moderate rain fell (rainfall totaling 10-25 mm, locally reaching 50 mm), dryness prevailed, with few locations recording more than 5 mm. Near- to above-normal

temperatures accompanied the dryness, with daytime highs ranging from the upper 20s to lower 30s (degrees C) in all major farming areas. Despite the expectation of seasonal cooling in April, temperatures have generally stayed well above freezing in traditionally cooler locations of the corn belt (notably southwestern Mpumalanga and eastern Free State).

SOUTH AFRICA



Wet weather returned to most major farming areas, disrupting summer crop harvesting but helping to replenish long-term moisture reserves for the upcoming winter grain crop. The heaviest rainfall (100-200 mm) was concentrated over southern sections of Cordoba, Santa Fe, and Entre Rios, but moderate to heavy rain (25-50 mm or more) fell over a broad area stretching from La Pampa and Buenos Aires northward to eastern Formosa. Weekly temperatures averaging up to 4°C above normal fostered rapid maturation of summer grains,

oilseeds, and cotton even though the soaking was untimely for this time of year. Daytime highs ranged from the upper 20s to upper 30s (degrees C), with most locations topping out in the lower 30s. Additionally, nighttime lows stayed well above freezing. According to the government of Argentina, sunflower harvesting was 88 percent complete (versus 94 percent last year) as of April 8; corn harvesting reached 17 percent complete, lagging last year by 7 points. Cotton was 12 percent harvested versus 26 percent last year.

ARGENTINA



Scattered showers benefited second-season summer row crops in key production areas of central Brazil, following a generally dry week. Rainfall totaled 10 to 50 mm in corn and cotton areas of central and southeastern Mato Grosso and from southern Goias and western Minas Gerais northward through western Bahia. However, pockets of dryness were prevalent throughout the region and summer warmth (daytime highs reaching the middle 30s) maintained high evaporative losses and elevated crop moisture demands. Meanwhile, much of southern Brazil

remained dry, with no rain falling from Mato Grosso do Sul and western Sao Paulo southward through Rio Grande do Sul. According to the government of Rio Grande do Sul, soybeans were 26 percent flowering to filling on April 8, with 39 percent harvested; corn, traditionally planted earlier than soybeans, was 75 percent harvested. In Parana, first plantings of soybeans and corn were 95 and 88 percent harvested, respectively, as of April 5; second-crop corn was 99 percent planted, with 5 percent already having reached reproduction.

BRAZIL



Scattered, albeit light, showers developed over central and eastern sections of the southern plateau corn belt, helping to condition fields for planting of rain-fed summer crops. Locations from Guanajuato and eastern Michoacan to Puebla recorded less than 25 mm, with seasonably drier weather prevailing farther west. Typically, seasonal rain arrives during April in eastern parts of the region and fully reaches western areas during May. Nearly all other major

farming regions were completely dry. While aiding seasonal fieldwork – including harvesting of winter-grown crops – the dryness further reduced moisture for rain-fed crops in Mexico’s eastern farming areas, including immature corn and sorghum in the northeast. Above-normal temperatures exacerbated water demands for crops and livestock, with daytime highs reaching above 35°C from Coahuila to Tamaulipas.

MEXICO

U.S. Crop Production Highlights

The following information was released by USDA’s Agricultural Statistics Board on April 9, 2021. Forecasts refer to April 1.

The U.S. all orange forecast for the 2020-2021 season is 4.45 million tons, down 4 percent from the previous forecast and down 15 percent from the revised 2019-2020 final utilization. The Florida all orange forecast, at 51.7 million boxes (2.33 million tons), is down 7 percent from the previous forecast and down 23 percent from last season’s revised final utilization. In Florida, early, midseason, and Navel varieties are forecast at 22.7 million boxes (1.02 million tons), up 1 percent from the previous forecast but down 23 percent from last season. The Florida Valencia orange forecast, at 29.0 million boxes (1.31 million tons), is down 12 percent from the previous forecast and down 23 percent from last season’s revised final utilization. The California all orange forecast is 52.0 million boxes (2.08 million tons), unchanged from previous forecast but down 4 percent from last season’s revised final utilization. The California Navel orange forecast is 42.0 million boxes (1.68 million tons), is unchanged from the previous forecast but down 3 percent from last season’s revised final utilization.

The California Valencia orange forecast is 10.0 million boxes (400,000 tons), is unchanged from the previous forecast but down 7 percent from last season’s revised final utilization. The Texas all orange forecast, at 1.05 million boxes (45,000 tons), is down 30 percent from the previous forecast and down 22 percent from last season’s final utilization.

The Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin (ISSN 0043‐1974) is jointly prepared by the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Publication began in 1872 as the Weekly Weather Chronicle. It is issued under general authority of the Act of January 12, 1895 (44‐USC 213), 53rd Congress, 3rd Session. The contents may be redistributed freely with proper credit. Correspondence to the meteorologists should be directed to: Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin, NOAA/USDA, Joint Agricultural Weather Facility, USDA South Building, Room 4443B, Washington, DC 20250. Internet URL: http://www.usda.gov/oce/weather E‐mail address: [email protected] The Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin and archives are maintained on the following USDA Internet URL: http://www.usda.gov/oce/weather/pubs/Weekly/Wwcb/index.htm

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE World Agricultural Outlook Board Managing Editor....................................... Brad Rippey (202) 720‐2397 Production Editor.................................... Brian Morris (202) 720‐3062 International Editor.............................. Mark Brusberg (202) 720‐2012 Agricultural Weather Analysts.................................... Harlan Shannon

and Eric Luebehusen

National Agricultural Statistics Service Agricultural Statistician and State Summaries Editor…..……….………...….

Irwin Anolik (202) 720‐7621

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service/Climate Prediction Center Meteorologists................... David Miskus, Brad Pugh, Adam Allgood,

and Rich Tinker

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WEEKLY WEATHER ... · 27/10/2020 · Paso Robles, CA, collected a daily-record high of 98°F on...

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