Week2 Motivations for Sustainability
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Transcript of Week2 Motivations for Sustainability
1
Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Title Screen| 2.0.0
Week 2Motivations for Sustainability
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Schedule
• This is the first of a four part series
• Last we covered the Context for Sustainability
• Next week we will be covering Frameworks for Sustainability
2CABE Collaborative Studio Overview
Insert man versus nature slides
3
Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
The Second Invisible Hand | 2.0.1
One of the phrases I hear quite often during the early stages of a sustainable design project is: “How much more will it cost?”
It got me to thinking about what is motivating this movement towards sustainability.
What are the underlying motivations?
If I can understand the motivations of everyone, I can create alignment towards a successful sustainable design project.
“It’s All About The Money”
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Overview
Part 1
ProfitThe Invisible
Hand
Part 2
EmpathyThe Second ofInvisible Hand
Sustainability The Great Resolution
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
The Second Invisible Hand | 2.0.1
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
There are many motivations for human behavior.
This week we will look at the BIG TWO:
• Maximization of Profit• Maximization of Goodness• Right now these are generally held in
Opposition
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Underlying Motivations| 2.0.2Relevance
• Sustainability is the framework by which these two competing forces are resolved
• This will lay the foundation for the Brundtland Commission's work in 1987 at the UN on sustainability
VS
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Elements associated with Maximization of Profit lead DIRECTLY to:
• Survival
• Minimization of pain and maximization of comfort*
• This is Natural as we are organisms and tend to act out of our
own SELF-INTEREST over the short term
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Underlying Motivations| 2.0.2Relevance
• Remember our history lesson from week 1. We saw many examples of this.
The term “Rational” is often used here: Its not rational to spend more money for a green building
* Thomas Hobbs among many others perfected this view during the Early Age of Industry
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Maximization of Goodness includes:• Concern for other’s well being and
concern for the Planet’s well-being
• These also leads to survival and comfort but it occurs INDIRECTLY or over the long term
• This is also Natural as we are organisms and tend to act out of our own
Enlightened self interest*
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Underlying Motivations| 2.0.2Relevance
• Remember our history lesson from week 1. We saw many examples of the Maximization of Goodness
• Sustainability deals with the “indirect efforts” to survive as in its more difficult to see the immediate benefits of an action.
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Summation| 2.0.2
Un-sustainability- Peak oil?- Severe climate change?- Ecosystem collapse?- Lower quality of life or
loss of life
Externalities, the Commons and Reserves
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Summation| 2.0.2
Sustainable Design
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
World View and Motivations• Different people enact different world
views. • Many continue to operate out of an
industrial world view which views nature as endless and prizes profit as the deliverable.
• Others operate out of the perspectives from the Age of Information which could be characterized as more liberal in viewpoint, with a deeper sense of social justice or equity as the goal.
• Neither is perfect and each has value
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Underlying Motivations| 2.0.2Relevance
• Remember our history lesson from week 1. We saw examples of how shifts in world view impact our views on nature
• Sustainability may be the ethos that resolves the two previous world views into a new more powerful one
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
End of Video
Grazers: Continue to the next video directly from the Vimeo Site
Students and Scholars: Return to the Coursesites page, read any materials and complete the quizzes
End of Video | 2.0.3Next Lecture
We will look at the first big driver of human action: Self-Interest
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
The Invisible Hand | 2.1.0This Lecture
What motivates us to take action
• Self-Interest
• Comfort
• Profit
• Security
2.1The First Invisible
Hand
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
“Its all about the money”
Commute time to work
Work10 Minutes
25 Minutes
Direct benefitI got to work Quickly
Direct benefit
I feel great!
Indirect benefitsPositive/Negative
Indirect benefitsPositive/negative
This Section of this week’s lesson will cover these topics
Externalities
Externalities
Motivations?
Reserves
Incentives
The Commons(Nature)
Energy &Materials
Government can play a role
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
• Economics is a discipline that deals with how we value and perceive our environment.
• Economics influence our decisions and actions – our behaviors.
• Studies how people use resources to provide goods and services in the face of variable supply and demand.
Relevance
• Most environmental and economic problems are linked.
• Root “eco” gave rise to both ecology and economics.
The Second Invisible Hand | 2.1.1
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
• Subsistence economy = People meet needs
directly from nature and agriculture; do not
buy most products.
• Centrally planned economy = National
government determines how to allocate
resources.
• Capitalist market economy = Buyers and
sellers interact to determine prices and
production of goods and services.
The First Invisible Hand | 2.1.1Relevance
• Its probably not realistic to go back to a subsistence economy however there is great interest in the concept – urban farming
• I know that there are people from around the world in this class
• We will be focusing on the Capitalist Market Economy
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
• Adam Smith: Competition between people free to pursue their own economic self-interest will benefit society as a whole (assuming rule of law, private property, competitive markets).
• He is trying to resolve the direct benefits of action for profit with the indirect benefits
• This idea is a pillar of free-market capitalism today.
• It is also blamed by many for economic inequality.
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
The Invisible Hand and the Free Market | 2.1.2
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Assumptions of the Free Market
• Resources are infinite or substitutable.
• Long-term effects are discounted or
considered externalities which the government must deal with.
• Costs and benefits are internal. No
externalities• Growth is good.
Each of these can contribute to environmental problems.
Relevance
• Economics is a discipline that deals with how we value and perceive our environment.
• Remember our history study last week?
• Economics influence our decisions and actions.
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
The First Invisible Hand | 2.1.2
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Even in capitalist market economies, governments must intervene to:
• Eliminate unfair advantages/monopolies
• Manage the Commons
• (air pollution, water, energy, etc)
• Provide safety nets
• Provide social services
Relevance
• Managing the commons is a critical aspect of the government and big part of sustainability
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
The First Invisible Hand | 2.1.2
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Natural resources are “goods” we get from our environment. Also called the “The Commons”
“Ecosystem services” that nature performs for free include:
• Soil formation• Water purification• Climate regulation• Pollination• Nutrient cycling• Waste treatment
• Nature is now understood as a “service” to support human activities
• The Commons refers to the cultural and natural resources accessible to all members of a society, including natural materials such as air, water, and a habitable earth
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
The First Invisible Hand | 2.1.2
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
• Ecosystem services (or part of ecosystem services) may be expressed in monetary terms.
• Ecosystem services also have value that is difficult to express/not usually expressed in monetary terms:
• Carrying Capacity
• Scientific value
• Educational value
• Aesthetic value
• Cultural value
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
The First Invisible Hand | 2.1.2Relevance
• All of this relates to what is know as the “commons.”
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Examples of how Externalities impact the commons
• Negative examples:
• Global warming
• Second hand smoke
• Noise
• Illness due to lack of vaccinations
• Positive Externalities
• Recued air pollution from riding a bike
Externalities| 2.1.3Relevance
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
2012 | Hurricane Sandy
www.cbsnews.com
2013 | Cyclone Phalan
2013 | Super Typhoon Haiyan
26 2014 | Australian Summer
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Tragedy of the Commons
• An economics theory developed by Garrett Hardin
• individuals, acting independently and rationally according to each one's self-interest, behave contrary to the whole group's long-term best interests by depleting some common resource.
• The "Commons" can include the atmosphere, oceans, rivers, fish stocks, national parks and any other shared resource. (Ecosystem Services)
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Tragedy of the Commons| 2.1.4Relevance
• There is a famous story regarding shared grazing pastures and use by farmers. It’s a story of resource depletion in the face of self interest.
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Managing the commons
• Taxes and regulation
• Incentives
• Privatization
• Finding Substitutes or new reserves
• Cap and Trade Markets
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Managing the Commons| 2.1.4Relevance
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Incentives
• When the free market doesn’t work – incentives are need to protect the commons
• Governments tend to act on indirect benefits while private enterprise act on direct benefits
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Incentives| 2.1.5Relevance
• Incentives to install solar panels are an example of how governments address the commons
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Reserves• In the free market, the reserves are
perceived as endless because:
• As resources become scarce, prices will go up which will:
• Lead to more investment, and/or exploration or the development of substitute technologies that will solve he problem
or
• Substitutes are different
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Reserves | 2.1.6Relevance
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Reserves (problems)• Accessing the reserves can be hard to do
– resulting in more damaging negative externalities
• Tar Sands in Alberta
Substitutes are better
• Copper for telephone wires was getting scarce and more expensive
• Fiber Optics made form sand replaces copper. Its better for the environment and more efficient
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Reserves | 2.1.6Relevance
• Reserves are more difficult to obtain typically generating more environmental disasters
• Tar sands oil is very dirty and must be shipped via train or pipeline
• Substitutes are a big part of sustainability
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Reserves (problems)
Abundance - One of our readings for this week
• Cornucopian is a person who believes in the endless reserves of the planet earth.
• Fracking and Tar Sands are examples of this approach
• Deep sea oil rigs
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Reserves | 2.1.6Relevance
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornucopian
33CABE Collaborative Studio Overview
Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
34CABE Collaborative Studio Overview
Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill • 11 men died
4.9 Million Barrels of oil were spilled into the Gulf
• Damage to eco-system
• Damage to tourism
• Loss of income• Externalities
accounted for!
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Reserves (Opportunities)
Abundance
• The spirit of entrepreneurship is a major key to achieving sustainability
• Clean technology
• Recycling
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Reserves | 2.1.6Relevance
36CABE Collaborative Studio Overview
37CABE Collaborative Studio Overview
Solar Thermal
38CABE Collaborative Studio Overview
Solar Thermal
39CABE Collaborative Studio Overview
MS in Sustainable Design : Principles and Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Sustainability & Sustainable
Design
40
OriginsMotivationsFrameworksPerspectives
Benchmarks & StandardsIntegrative Behaviors
Eco – CitiesThe Sustainable Future
Week 7: Eco - Cities
Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
• The LEED® Rating Systems allows private companies to take an active part in reducing externalities which:
• Protects the Commons
• Improves health, reduces carbon emissions
• Extends the Reserves and encourages substitutes
• Leaves more fossil fuels in the ground + increases solar tech
• Lessens the need for governments to tax and regulate
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Summation | 2.1.7Relevance
Win – Win
• The company gets market value
• Is able to do the “Right Thing” or “be a part of the solution” which is the focus of the next lecture
www.USGBC.org
Example
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
End of Video
Grazers: Continue to the next video directly from the Vimeo Site: Channel 2.0
Students and Scholars: Return to the Coursesites page, read any materials and complete the quizzes
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
End of Video | 2.1.8Next Lecture
We will look at the second big driver of human action: Empathy, Altruism and the Second Invisible Hand
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Introduction| 2.2.0The Previous Lecture
• We discussed the Invisible Hand and one of the major human motivations: self-Interest
This Lecture
• The Second Invisible Hand and another major motivation: Empathy and Altruism
2.2The Second
Invisible Hand
Its never really about the money**Unless you are flat broke
What motivates us to take action?
– yes profit but…
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Its not about the money,Its about the value 2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Introduction | 2.2.1
$199.00 $199.00
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Watch this video
Are Selfish or are we Kind? (Yes)
Altruism| 2.2.2Relevance
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
47
Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Takeaways from this video
We are hard wired for Self-Interest • We form biases via our ability to think
abstractly. We create artificial boundaries between “us” and the “others”
And
We are hard wired for Altruism• Especially when we feel that we are
part of the same “tribe”
Altruism| 2.2.2Relevance
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Circle of Self Interest
• This series of diagrams is based on Singer’s Expanding Circles
Survival
• Its natural to have self-interest
Expanding the “Tribe”
Circle of Self Interest
Circle of Self Interest
• It doesn’t take long for people to realize that they have a better chance of surviving if they work together.
Better chances forSurvival
Circle of Self Interest Expands
• It doesn’t take long for people to realize that they have a better chance of surviving if they work together.
Circle of Self Interest Again
• And then of course the circle expands to small groups
Circle of Self Interest Expands Again (Village or Tribe)
Expanded Circles become aware of other’s circles
• Now the circle continues to expand
Circles become joined into larger circles
55CABE Collaborative Studio Overview
The World
56CABE Collaborative Studio Overview
A World of NationsTrade/StoriesBooksPicturesMoviesNewsFast TravelSocial Media
57CABE Collaborative Studio Overview
A World of Connected Nations
Circle of Self Interest Expands Again to complex global networks
Relevance
• Now we can better relate to people suffering from climate change in other parts of the world
• This, in turn, can add an additional motivation to change our behaviors
Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Video on Outrospection and Empathy
Cognitive Empathy | 2.2.3Relevance
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Cognitive Empathy | 2.2.3
Affective Empathy
The capacity to respond with an appropriate emotion to another's mental states
Cognitive Empathy
The capacity to understand another's perspective or mental state.
• Can lead to compassion for others and for other animals
• This is a major motivation for human behavior
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
60CABE Collaborative Studio Overview
A Sustainable World
Empathy Across Space
The World Civilization
2014Empathy Across Time
The World Civilization
2054
Circle of Self Interest Expands Into The Future
An Empathic Civilization
A Sustainable Future
A Sustainable
FutureThis will be a video
Empathy Across Species
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_bears
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
+
Relevance:
Now economic growth and ecology regeneration and social responsibility are linked into the new Ethos of sustainability
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
The Second Invisible Hand | 2.2.4
www.co-society.com
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Ethos is a Greek word originally meaning "accustomed place“, "custom, habit", equivalent to Latin mores.
Ethos forms the root of ethikos (ἠθικός), meaning "moral, showing moral character". Late Latin borrowed it as ethicus, the feminine of which (ethica, for moral philosophy") is the
origin of the modern English word ethics.
The Second Invisible Hand | 2.2.5
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
65
Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Ethos• Ethos can simply mean the
disposition, character, or
fundamental values peculiar to a specific person, people, culture, or movement.
• The Ethos refers to the spirit which motivates the ideas and customs.
• As T.S. Eliot wrote, "The general ethos of the people they have to
govern determines the behavior of politicians.“
Example
“One historian noted that in the 1920s, "The ethos of the Communist party dominated every aspect of public life in Soviet Russia.“
The Ethos of Sustainability | 2.2.5
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Source T.S. Eliot, The idea of a Christian society (1940) p. 25 the Russian Revolution, 1891-1924 (1996) p. 682
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Sustainability is
a new Ethos• A set of values that determine
behaviors• It’s the foundation of a new
world view – • based on the combination of
the two invisible hands (values) of self interest and empathy
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
The Ethos of Sustainability | 2.2.5
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
The Second Invisible Hand | 2.2.5
The Great Resolution?
Greed
Materialism
Altruism
Adam Smith’s Invisible Hand
The Second Invisible Hand
WEI
Bleeding Heart
Sustainability 2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
68
Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
End of Video
Grazers: Continue to the next video directly from the Vimeo Site
Students and Scholars: Return to the Coursesites page, read any materials and complete the quizzes
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
End of Video | 2.2.6Next Lecture
We will look at how this new ethos of sustainability plays out in the real world
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Overview| 2.3.0This Lecture
• Looks at how this new Ethos of Sustainability is playing out in society
• What it might mean for our future
2.3The Great Resolution
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
70
Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Review| 2.3.0
The Great Resolution?
Greed
Materialism
Altruism
Adam Smith’s Invisible Hand
The Second Invisible Hand
WEI
Bleeding Heart
Sustainability 2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
71
Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Relevance:
• Sustainability in practice
The B Corporation | 2.3.1
B Corporation
• Meet comprehensive and transparent social and environmental performance standards
• Meet higher legal accountability standards
• Build business constituency for public policies that support sustainable business.
• There are over 500 Certified B Corporations across 60 different industries. http://bcorporation.net/
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
L3C
A low-profit limited liability company (L3C) is • a legal form of business entity in
the United States that was created to bridge the gap between non-profit and for-profit investing by providing a structure that facilitates investments in socially beneficial, for-profit ventures while simplifying compliance with Internal Revenue Service rules for "Program Related Investments".
Relevance:
• Economics is a discipline that deals with how we value and perceive our environment.
• Economics influence our decisions and actions.
Low Profit Limited Liability Company| 2.3.2
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
73
Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Social Entrepreneurship • is the recognition of a social problem and the uses
of entrepreneurial principles to
• organize, create and manage a social venture to achieve a desired social change.
While a business entrepreneur typically measures performance in profit and return, a social entrepreneur also measures positive returns to society.
Social Entrepreneurship| 2.3.4
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
74
Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Social Entrepreneurship
The main goal• To further broaden social, cultural, and
environmental goals.
• Social entrepreneurs are commonly associated with the voluntary and not-for-profit sectors,[but this need not preclude making a profit]
Relevance:
• Social Entrepreneurship is an example of the Ethos of Sustainability
Social Entrepreneurship| 2.3.4
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
75
Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Its about Value
Relevance:
• Great gifts to society
• Lots of profit to be made
• This is a form of social entrepreneurship
Freeware| 2.3.5
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Corporate Social Responsibility (Policy)
Goal• The goal of CSR is to embrace responsibility
for the company's actions• encourage a positive impact through its
activities:• environment, • consumers, • employees,• communities, • stakeholders and all other members
of the public sphere who may also be considered as stakeholders.
Relevance:
• CSR’s are a major driver of sustainability in some companies
Corporate Social Responsibility| 2.3.6
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
77
Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Relevance:
• Sustainability manager, CSO, and other job titles now exist
The Second Invisible Hand | 2.3.6
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
79
Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
A green-collar worker is a worker who is:• employed in the environmental sectors of
the economy.
Environmental green-collar workers (or Green Jobs) satisfy the demand for green development. • Generally, they implement
environmentally conscious design, policy, and technology to improve conservation and sustainability.
http://greenforall.org/
Relevance:
• Green Jobs Link social equity, environmental improvement and economic gain
• Great backlash against this movement
The Green Jobs Movement| 2.3.8
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
80
Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Relevance:
• The Green Building movement continued to gain momentum in recent years despite one of the worst economic crashes since the great depression.
• The Ethos of sustainability is demonstrated in this example
Green Buildings| 2.3.9
Green Market Size, Mcgraw-Hill Construction
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
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Relevance:
• Green construction qualifies as a green job because it is specialized work associated with environmental gain
The Second Invisible Hand | 2.3.9
Green Market Size, Mcgraw-Hill Construction
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Relevance:
The Rio+20 Conference was an important continuation and evolution of the UN’s push for sustainability
The Second Invisible Hand | 2.3.10
http://www.oxfam.org/en/grow/policy/safe-and-just-space-humanity
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Global Sustainability| 2.3.10
http://www.oxfam.org/en/grow/policy/safe-and-just-space-humanity
Relevance:
• This diagram bears a similarity to the World View diagrams in learning Module 1.
• The center focuses on ethics and the out ring focuses on nature.
• The middle ring describes a “Safe and Just Space”
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Food on site
Health – Low VOC’s
Green Certifications
Net-Zero Water
Living Wage green Jobs
ADA Integrated Design Process
Anticipatory Design
Net-Zero Energy
Global Sustainability & Green Building | 2.3.10
http://www.oxfam.org/en/grow/policy/safe-and-just-space-humanity
Living Wage green Jobs
Living Wage green Jobs
open any gender
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Relevance:
• The role of green building in addressing social equity concerns
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Carbon Neutral Design
Food Grown on Site
Local Materials &
Urban Development
Relevance:
• The role of green building in addressing serious environmental concerns
http://www.oxfam.org/en/grow/policy/safe-and-just-space-humanity
Climate Change
Nitrogen Cycle
Breaching Planetary Boundaries| 2.3.10
Biodiversity
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
This Lecture
• There are other motivations which will be covered next week
Review:
Motivation 1
Self–Interest is the great engine that fuels curiosity, invention and investment
&Motivation 2
Empathy across Time, Space and Species is the great engine of altruism
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Conclusions | 2.3.11
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
William McDonough’s Centennial Sermon
• Accuses designers to be complicit in environmental destruction
• We can do better
• Green versus sustainable
Relevance:
• McDonough’s speech among other events and initiatives launched in 1993 marked a turning point in the Green Design Movement
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Conclusions | 2.3.12
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
REGENERATING AMERICAby Robert Lockwood and Peter van Geldern
Self Interest
Relevance:
• This is a great diagram and a great book
But
• We should avoid choices and seek resolutions
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Conclusions | 2.3.13
Empathy
The Invisible Hand of Adam Smith Self-Interest
The Second Invisible Hand
Of Empathy
Relevance:
• Rather than seek balance or a choice between two paths, this model reflects integration
• The two competing forces are now woven together to form a new world view
The Sustainable Future
92CABE Collaborative Studio Overview
Sustainability is a not a diet, its not about reduction only
Sustainability is a not a balance between empathy and self-interest
Sustainability is a BOTH AND proposition
Sustainability is the Great Resolution between:
Self Interest (Profit)
+Empathy (Altruism)
Addition: 10 + 10 = 20
or
10 x 10 = 100
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Late Age of Industry
Self-InterestMaximize Profits
Age of Information
EmpathyMitigate Damage
Age of Integration
SustainabilityMaximize Profits,
Regenerate Nature, Build Equity, Create Beauty
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Conclusions | 2.3.13
95CABE Collaborative Studio Overview
Future EnergyWeek 4
96CABE Collaborative Studio Overview
IBM Solar Collector Magnifies Sun By 2000X – These Could Provide Power To The Entire Planet http://banoosh.com/blog/2014/02/27/ibm-solar-collector-
magnifies-sun-2000x-provide-power-entire-planet/
Future Energy
97CABE Collaborative Studio Overview
Solar ThermalWeek 4
MS in Sustainable Design : Principles and Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Sustainability & Sustainable
Design
99
OriginsMotivationsFrameworksPerspectives
Benchmarks & StandardsIntegrative Behaviors
Eco – CitiesThe Sustainable Future
Week 7: Eco - Cities
Image Credit: Alexandra Zahn
Week 7: Eco - Cities
MS in Sustainable Design : Principles and Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Sustainability & Sustainable
Design
100
OriginsMotivationsFrameworksPerspectives
Benchmarks & StandardsIntegrative Behaviors
Eco – CitiesThe Sustainable Future
Week 7: Eco - Cities
Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Week 7: Eco - Cities
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Next Week
We will be covering Frameworks for sustainability• Triple Bottom Line
• Transcendent Sustainability
• Quadruple Bottom line
• Integral Theory and Integral Sustainable Design
Next Week| 2.3.14Next Week
How do we organize our actions to reach high levels of sustainability
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End of Video
Grazers: Please subscribe to my Vimeo site and you will be alerted when the week 3 videos are posted
Students and Scholars: Return to the Coursesites page, read the materials and complete the quizzes
End of Video | 2.3.15
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Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
http://www.slowmoney.org/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJFZnKnK-Ew to see a movie
From their web site: A Maifesto of sortsI. We must bring money back down to earth.
II. There is such a thing as money that is too fast, companies that are too big, finance that is too complex. Therefore, we must slow our money down -- not all of it, of course, but enough to matter.
III. The 21st Century will be the era of nurture capital, built around principles of carrying capacity, care of the commons, sense of place and non-violence.
IV. We must learn to invest as if food, farms and fertility mattered. We must connect investors to the places where they live, creating vital relationships and new sources of capital for small food enterprises.
V. Let us celebrate the new generation of entrepreneurs, consumers and investors who are showing the way from Making A Killing to Making a Living.
The Slow Money Movement| 2.3.2
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 Sustainability in Action
2.4 The Great Resolution
105CABE Collaborative Studio Overview
Not balance + both and
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Part AMoney
Part BAltruism
+
+• Economics is a
discipline that deals with how we value and perceive our environment.
• Economics influence our decisions and actions.
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
The Second Invisible Hand | 2.1.1
Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Experience
Equity
Ecology
Economy
Vector of Emphasis
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Incentives| 2.1.1Relevance
• Economics is a discipline that deals with how we value and perceive our environment.
• Economics influence our decisions and actions.
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Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
• Empathy is the capacity to recognize feelings that are being experienced by another sentient. Someone may need to have a certain amount of empathy before they are able to feel compassion.
• The English word was coined in 1909 by E.B. Titchener as an attempt to translate the German word "Einfühlungsvermögen", a new phenomenon explored at the end of 19th century mainly by Theodor Lipps.
• It was later re-translated into the German language (Germanized) as "Empathie", and is still in use there.
• Economics is a discipline that deals with how we value and perceive our environment.
• Economics influence our decisions and actions.
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
The Second Invisible Hand | 2.1.1
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Ethos is a Greek word originally meaning "accustomed place“, "custom, habit", equivalent to Latin mores.
Ethos forms the root of ethikos (ἠθικός), meaning "moral, showing moral character". Late Latin borrowed it as ethicus, the feminine of which (ethica, for moral philosophy") is the
origin of the modern English word ethics.
• Economics is a discipline that deals with how we value and perceive our environment.
• Economics influence our decisions and actions.
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
The Second Invisible Hand | 2.1.1
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Ethics, also known as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior.
• Economics is a discipline that deals with how we value and perceive our environment.
• Economics influence our decisions and actions.
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
The Second Invisible Hand | 2.1.1
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Applied Ethics, about how moral outcomes can be achieved in specific situations
(Situational Values)
Sustainability is a Value System + a set Behaviors that align
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
Incentives| 2.1.1Relevance
• Economics is a discipline that deals with how we value and perceive our environment.
• Economics influence our decisions and actions.
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
social equity is the orphaned element of Sustainable Development.
In 1996 the President's Council on Sustainable Development defined Social Equity as "equal opportunity, in a safe and healthy environment."
Social Equity is the least defined and least understood element of the triad that is Sustainable Development yet is integral in creating sustainability - balancing economic, environmental and social equity.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_equity
Relevance:
• Economics is a discipline that deals with how we value and perceive our environment.
• Economics influence our decisions and actions.
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
The Second Invisible Hand | 2.1.1
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Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
Religion is a collection of belief systems, cultural systems, and worldviews that relate humanity to spirituality and, sometimes, to moral values. Many religions have narratives, symbols, traditions and sacred histories that are intended to give meaning to life or to explain the origin of life or the universe. They tend to derive morality, ethics, religious laws or a preferred lifestyle from their ideas about the cosmos and human nature.
Is sustainability a religion?Sustainability lacks the higher spiritual being
Religion is based on faith?Sustainability is based on facts. or at least it should be– see climate deniers
Transcend bias to create frameworks for decision making
2.0 Overview
2.1 The Invisible Hand
2.2 The Second Invisible Hand
2.3 The Great Resolution
The Second Invisible Hand | 2.1.1Relevance:
• Economics is a discipline that deals with how we value and perceive our environment.
Motivations For Sustainability
Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
• Look around – The more we spend time together, the more we realize that we have much more in common than we do differ
• But we know that different people get treated different
• This brings us to equity and ethics
• Economics is a discipline that deals with how we value and perceive our environment.
• Economics influence our decisions and actions.
The Second Invisible Hand | 2.1.1
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Principles & Methodologies for Sustainable Design
The First Invisible Hand The Second Invisible Hand
Human Humane
Maximization of Profit Maximization of GoodnessDirect benefits Indirect benefits
Short term Long termprogress progressive