Week2 Mechatronics

7/28/2019 Week2 Mechatronics

1/24

FUNDAMENTAL OF

ELECTRONICS

Dr. Andi Adriansyah


2/24

Contents

1. The Electronics

Revolution

2. Keys to Electronics

Revolution3. Electronics Design

4. Technology

Semiconductor


3/24

The Electronics Revolution

Electronics is cornerstone of:

Computing Revolution

Communication RevolutionConsumer Electronics Revolution


4/24

Consumer Electronics Revolution


5/24

Electronics Benefits Now!

Exponential improvements in:

System performance

Cost per function

Power consumptionSystem reliability

Good scaling

High speed


6/24

Keys to Electronics Revolution

The Great Materials

High performance of micro fabrication

technology

Improvement in circuit engineering


7/24

The Great Materials

SILICON

Cheap and abundant

Amazing mechanical,

chemical andelectronic properties

Probably, the material

best known to

humankind


8/24

Fabrication Technology

Tight integration ofdissimilar device withgood isolation

Fabrication ofextremely smallstructures, preciselyand reproducibly

High-volumemanufacturing ofcomplex systems withhigh yield


9/24

Circuit Engineering

Circuit design techniques that:

Are tolerant to logic level fluctuation, noise

and crosstalk

Are insensitive to manufacturing variations

Require little power consumption


10/24

Electronic Design

How to design electronic circuit: By hand, manually lay-out

Geometric software for mechanically-drawncomponent, and print with plotter

Automated design and draw, with Electronics DesignAutomation (EDA) or Computer AidedElectronics/Design (CAE/CAD)

How to developed electronic system: By hand, developed manually then test (fix and

flexible PCB)

By software, test and the developed


11/24

Electronic Design


12/24

Structure of Atom

There are type of models for structure of atom,such as Rutherford, Thomson, and Bohrs, DeBroglie, etc.

Atom is viewed as miniature of solar systemIn atom, there are: Electrons, that orbiting in some energy level and have

negative charge, -e,

Protons, as a nucleus of atom and have positivecharge, +e, and

Neutron, forms a nucleus with protons, and have nocharge.


13/24

Structure of Atom

Structure of atom in 3D Structure of atom in 2D


14/24

Energy Band


15/24

Energy Band


16/24

Structure of Silicon

Atom Silikon (Si) has 14

electron, where 2

electrons in 1st track, 8

electrons in 2nd track and

4 electrons in 3rd track orthe outer.

Then, where the number

of electron valency is

four, Silicon is saidtetravalentatomic.


17/24

Silicon Crystal

Since Silicon electron valancehas fewer than the requirednumber of eight electronsneeded in the outer shell, itsatoms will unite with otheratoms until eight electrons are

shared.This gives each atom a total ofeight electrons in its valenceshell; four of its own and fourthat it borrowed from thesurrounding atoms.

The sharing of valenceelectrons between two or moreatoms produces a COVALENTBOND between the atoms. It isthis bond that holds the atomstogether in an orderly structurecalled a CRYSTAL.


18/24

Silicon Crystal Properties

At T = 0, valence band is filled with electrons and

conduction band is empty, leading to zero conductivity.


19/24

Silicon Crystal Properties

At T > 0, electrons thermally excited from valence to

conduction band, leading to partially empty valence and

partially filled conduction bands.


20/24

Electron-Hole Pair Current

In semiconductor, there are two type of current:

Electron current in conduction band negative

Hole current in valency band positive

Both is known as electron-hole pairIn a time, an electron in conduction band could

be fall to hole in valency band, said as

recombination.

Lifetime is avarage time required for electron-

hole pair is still available.


21/24

Doping in Semiconductor

Increase the conductivity of a semiconductor byadding a small amount of another material calleda dopant (instead of heating it!)

For group IV Si, add a group V element todonate an electron and make n-type Si (morenegative electrons!)

Extra electrons donated from donor.

Resultant electrons in conduction band increaseconductivity by increasing free carrier density n.

Called as SemiconductorN Type


22/24

Donor Dopant in Semiconductor


23/24

Doping in Semiconductor

For Si, add a group III element to accept an

electron and make p-type Si (more positive

holes!)

Missing electrons trapped in acceptorResultant holes in valence band increase

conductivity.

Called as SemiconductorP Type


24/24

Acceptor Dopant in Semiconductor

Week2 Mechatronics

Documents

Transcript of Week2 Mechatronics