Week 6: 13 17 July 2020 YEAR 1 - 4 BELVEDERE SCHOOL/SKOOL ...

BELVEDERE SCHOOL/SKOOLTOOLS / GEREEDSKAP

BASIC HAND TOOLS / BASIESE HANDGEREEDSKAP

HAMMERING TOOLS

HAMERGEREEDSKAP

Week 6: 13 – 17 July 2020YEAR 1 - 4

Hammering Tools / Hamergereedskap

• Hammers are striking tools widely used in all workshops, but often also abused. Hammers are made in various types and sizes, and with striking surfaces of varying hardness. Hammers are used in a wide variety of practices such as general carpentry, the bending or shaping of metal, striking chisels or nails, etc. Hammers are therefore designed according to their intended purpose.

• ‘n Hamer is ‘n slaangereedskapstuk wat in meeste werkswinkels gebruik word, maar ook baie keer misbruik word. Hamers word in verskeie vorme en groottes gemaak, waarvan die slaanvlak se hardheid kan verskil. Hamers word ook in ‘n wye verskeidenheid werkspraktyke gebruik soos bv. algemene houtwerk, die buig en vorming van staal, die slaan van beitels en spykers, ens. Hamers is dus ontwerp; elk vir ‘n spesifieke doel en werk.


• The Ball-peen Hammer– Has two faces. One, the poll, has a flat face for striking cold chisels and punches. The other, the peen, is

rounded or ball-like for bending and shaping soft metal.– The ball-peen hammer generally has a wooden handle made from Hickory or Ash wood. Also comes with

fibreglass handles.– The handle is attached to the head with a wedge through the eye. The wedge is made from hardwood or

metal. The eye is an elliptically shaped hole in the head of the hammer.

• Die Bolpenhamer– Het twee slaanvlakke. Die een, die kop, het ‘n plat slaanvlak (gesig) vir die slaan van koubeitels en ponse.

Die ander, die balpen, het ‘n balvormig geronde slaanvlak en word gebruik vir die buig en vorming van sagte metaal.

– Die bolpenhamer het oor die algemeen ‘n houthandvatsel gemaak van Hikorie- of Essenhout. Kom ook met veselglas-handvatsels voor.

– Die handvatsel is aan die kop geheg met ‘n wig deur die oog. Die wig is gemaak van harde hout of staal. Die oog is ‘n elipsvormige gat in die hamerkop.

Peen / PenNeck / Nek

Eye / Oog

Wedge / Wig

Neck / Nek

Poll / Kop

Face / Gesig

Cheek / Wang

Neck / Nek Grip / Greep

Head / Kop Handle / Handvatsel


• The Claw Hammer– The most familiar hammer of all hammers.– The Claw hammer is mainly used in carpentry to drive nails into wood.– The claws are used for removing nails or prying boards loose.– The poll of the head has either a flat or crowned striking face. – Carpenters prefer the bell face as it allows for driving nails flush into a surface with less chance of denting the surrounding area.– The handle of the Claw hammer can be made of wood, steel or fibreglass.

• Die Klouhamer– Die mees bekende hamer van alle hamers.– Die Klouhamer word meestal gebruik deur skrynwerkers om spykers in hout te slaan.– Die kloue word gebruik om spykers uit te trek of om houtborde los te trek.– Die kop het ‘n plat -of ‘n klokslaanvlak.– Skrynwerkers verkies die klokslaanvlak omdat dit hul toelaat om spykers gelyk met ‘n oppervlak in te dryf sonder dat daar duike

in die area rondom geslaan word.– Die handvatsel van die Klouhamer kan van hout, staal of veselglas gemaak word.

Handle / HandvatselClaw / Klou

Neck / Nek

Poll / Kop

Face (flat or bell) / Gesig (plat of klok)

Eye / Oog

Wedge / Wig

• The Cross-peen Hammer (Warrington)– The Cross-peen hammer has a head with a flat face and a

tapered peen.– Often used by traditional cabinet-makers.– The tapered peen can be used to tap in a nail that is held

between your fingers, without smashing your fingers.– The hammer is very light and easy to use.– Mainly used to drive panel pins, chair- and upholstery nails.– The handle is from hardwood.

• Die Dwarspenhamer (Warrington)– Die Dwarspenhamer se kop het ‘n plat slaanvlak en ‘n tapse pen.– Dit word meestal gebruik deur tradisionele kabinetmakers.– Die tapse pen kan gebruik word om spykers wat tussen die

vingers gehou word in te kap, sonder om die vingers raak te kap.– Die hamer is baie lig en maklik om te gebruik.– Word hoofsaaklik gebruik vir die indryf van paneelspykers, stoel-

en stoffeerspykers.– Die handvatsel is van hardehout gemaak.


Face / Gesig

Poll / Kop

Eye / Oog

Handle / Handvatsel

Peen / Pen

• The Mallet– The Mallet handle and head are made from Beech wood.– The head is slightly tapered to ensure good and correct contact

with the work.– The mallet is used where a metal hammer would either damage

the work or the tool being struck.– It is mainly used to drive chisels or to tap wood joints and other

woodworking components together.– It is also good for installing metal parts on equipment without

marring them.

• Die Blokhamer– Die Blokhamer se handvatsel en kop word van Beukehout

gemaak.– Die kop is effens getap om seker te maak dat daar goeie en

korrekte kontak gemaak word met die werkstuk.– Die Blokhamer word gebruik waar ‘n staalhamer die werkstuk of

die gereedskapstuk wat geslaan word, kan beskadig.– Dit word hoofsaaklik gebruik om beitels te dryf of om

houtwerkvoeë en ander houtwerk komponente aanmekaar te slaan.

– Dit is ook goed vir die installering van metaal onderdele op gereedskap, sonder om dit te skend.


Head / Kop

Handle / Handvatsel

Face / Gesig

• The Club Hammer– The Club hammer’s head is made of steel and both

striking faces are hardened.– The handle is made of hardwood and is wedged securely

through the eye of the head.– This hammer is used for striking cold and bolster chisels.– It can also become a handy tool in carpentry, where a

more heavy hammer is needed during a project.

• Die Mokerhamer– Die Mokerhamer se kop is gemaak van staal en beide die

slaanvlakke is verhard.– Die handvatsel is gemaak van hardehout en is veilig met

‘n wig deur die oog van die kop vasgeheg.– Die hamer word gebruik om kou- en versterk beitels mee

te dryf.– Dit kan ook ‘n handige gereedskapstuk in die houtwerk-

werkswinkel word, waar ‘n swaarder hamer nodig is gedurende ‘n projek.


Head / Kop

Handle / Handvatsel

Face / Gesig

• The Chipping Hammer– A chipping hammer is a tool used to remove welding slag and spatter

from a weld.– It is used by carefully swinging the hammer, hitting the weld to shatter

the slag.– To remove spatter, use the wide flat part of the chipping hammer and

slide it along the surface of the job.– The chipping hammer is used to remove slag when standard arc

welding is performed. When MiG or tig welding is performed, there is no slag to be removed, only spatter.

– This hammer is thus used to remove welding spatter in all welding processes.

– The chipping hammer has the following characteristics:

• It is drop forged.• It is made from selected carbon steel.• The hammer head is hardened & tempered.• The hammer features a cone-shaped nose with a sharp,

flattened point and a dual bevelled tail.• The hammer has a helical barrel spring handle, unique

to welding and chipping hammers, for absorbing vibration.

– The hammer’s point or chisel edge can be re-sharpened from time to time when it gets blunt.


Chisel edge

Point

Helical barrel spring

Hammer head

• Die Bikhamer– Die bikhamer is ‘n gereedskapstuk wat gebruik word om sweislak of -

spatsels van sweiswerk te verwyder.– Dit word gebruik deur dit liggies te swaai en teen sweiswerk te kap,

sodat die slak splinter en afval.– Om spatsels af te haal word die beitelkant van die kop gebruik deur dit

al langs die kant van die werkstukoppervlak te skuur.– Die bikhamer word gebruik om slak te verwyder by algemene

boogsweiswerk. Wanneer MiG sweiswerk en tig sweiswerk gedoen word, word slak nie geproduseer nie, maar moet daar steeds spatsels verwyder word.

– Hierdie hamer word dus by alle sweisprosesse gebruik om sweisspatsels te verwyder.

– Die bikhamer het die volgende karaktereienskappe:

• Dit is gesmee.• Dit is gemaak van geselekteerde koolstofstaal.• Die hamerkop is getemper en verhard.• Die hamer het ‘n keëlvormige skerp neus en ‘n plat

dubbel-afgewerkte beitelvormige stert.• Die hamer het ‘n unieke heliese vatveer om vibrasie te

absorbeer as gekap word.– Die hamer se punt en die beitelkant kan van tyd tot tyd weer

skerpgemaak word as dit stomp is.


Beitelkant

Punt

Heliese vatveer

Hamerkop


• General Safety Measures:– Select a hammer that is comfortable for you and that is the proper

size and weight for the job.– Misuse can cause the striking face to chip, possibly causing a serious

injury.– When striking a tool with a hammer, such as a chisels or gauge,

choose a hammer with a striking face diameter larger than the face of the tool being struck.

– Choose a hammer with a wooden or cushioned handle to protect you from vibration, impact, and squeezing pressure.

– Ensure that the head of the hammer is firmly attached to the handle.– Replace loose, cracked or splintered handles.– Keep the work area clear of debris.– Discard any hammer with a mushroomed or chipped face or with

cracks in the claw or eye sections.– Wear safety glasses or goggles, or a face shield with safety glasses or

goggles.– Strike a hammer blow squarely with the striking face parallel to the

surface being struck.– Always avoid glancing blows and over and under strikes. Hammers

with bevelled faces are less likely to chip or spall.

• Algemene Veiligheidsmaatreëls– Kies ‘n hamer wat jy gemaklik kan vashou en die regte grootte en

gewig is vir die werk wat gedoen moet word.– Die misbruik van ‘n hamer kan die slaanvlak laat splinter, wat ‘n

ernstige besering kan veroorsaak.– Wanneer ‘n gereedskapstuk soos ‘n beitel of guts geslaan word,

moet ‘n hamer gebruik word waarvan die slaanoppervlakte groter in diameter is as die gereedskapstuk wat geslaan word.

– Gebruik ‘n hamer met ‘n hout, of oorgetrekte kussinghandvatsel om jou van vibrasie, impak en greepdrukking te beskerm.

– Maak seker dat die hamer se kop stewig aan die handvatsel vas is .– Vervang los, gekraakte of gesplinterde handvatsels.– Hou die werksarea skoon van afval.– Raak ontslae van hamers waarvan die slaanvlak sampioenvormig

of gesplinter is, en ook waar die klou of ooggedeelte gekraak is.– Dra altyd ‘n veiligheidsbril, of ‘n gesigskerm saam met ‘n

veiligheidsbril wanneer jy ‘n hamer gebruik.– ‘n Hamerhou moet so toegedien word dat die gesig van die hamer

haaks en parallel met die geslaande oppervlak is.– Probeer ten alle tye skrams houe, wat oor of onder toediening

insluit, vermy. Hamers met ‘n afgeskuinste slaanoppervlak is minder geneig om te splinter of te breek.

Haaks hou

Skrams hou


• What should I avoid doing?– Do not use a hammer with a loose or damaged handle.– Do not use any hammer head with dents, cracks, chips, mushrooming, or

excessive wear.– Do not use a hammer for any purpose for which it was not designed or

intended.– Do not use one hammer to strike another hammer, other hard metal objects,

stones or concrete.– Avoid awkward positions when using the hammer to prevent strains.– Do not redress, grind, weld or reheat-treat a hammer head.– Do not strike with the side or cheek of the hammer.

• Wat moet ek verhoed om te doen?– Moenie ‘n hamer met ‘n los of beskadigde handvatsel gebruik nie.– Moenie ‘n hamer met ‘n geduikte kop, krake, splinters, sampioenvormige kop

of waar oormatige slytasie sigbaar is, gebruik nie.– Moenie ‘n hamer gebruik vir enige ander doel as waarvoor dit gemaak is nie.– Moenie ‘n hamer gebruik om ‘n ander hamer, harde metaalvoorwerpe, stene

of konkryt te slaan nie.– Vermy ongemaklike posisies wat beserings kan veroorsaak wanneer die

hamer gebruik word.– Moenie ‘n hamer se kop probeer herstel deur dit te slyp, sweis of weer te

temper nie.– Moenie met die wangdeel van die hamer slaan nie.

Safety / Veiligheid

Activity 1 / Aktiwiteit 1

• Name the parts of the claw hammer on the drawing below.

• Benoem die onderdele van die klouhamer op die tekening hieronder.

• Name the 4 characteristics of the chipping hammer? / Noem die 4 karaktereienskappe van die bikhamer?

• _____________________________________________________________________________________________• _____________________________________________________________________________________________• _____________________________________________________________________________________________• _____________________________________________________________________________________________

• What will we use the ball and the peen for when using the ball peen hammer? Waarvoor sal ons die bal en die pen gebruik, wanneer ons die balpenhamer gebruik?

• The ball / Die bal : _______________________________________________________________________________• The peen / Die pen: ______________________________________________________________________________

• Name the two basic uses of the claw hammer? / Noem die twee basiese gebruike van die klouhamer?

• __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

• Name 4 general safety measures when using hammering tools? / Noem 4 algemene veiligheidsmaatreëls by die gebruik van hamergereedskap?

• __________________________________________________________________________________________• __________________________________________________________________________________________• __________________________________________________________________________________________• __________________________________________________________________________________________

• What is a square and a glancing hammering blow? / Wat is ‘n haakse en ‘n skramse hamerhou?• Square / Haaks: _____________________________________________________________________________• Glancing / Skramse: __________________________________________________________________________



Name the following Hammering Tools: / Benoem die volgende Hamergereedskapstukke:

____________ ____________

____________ ____________

____________

____________

Activity 4 / Aktiwiteit 4• Describe shortly in a couple of sentences what a hammering tool is? / Beskryf kortliks in ‘n paar

sinne wat ‘n hamergereedskapstuk is?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

• Name two uses of the mallet? / Noem 2 gebruike van blokhamer?– ____________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

– ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

• Name the 3 important PPE’s you will put on before using a hammering tool? / Noem 3 belangrike PBT’s wat jy sal aantrek voordat jy ‘n hamer sal gebruik?– ___________________________________________– ___________________________________________– ___________________________________________


• Name 5 things you should avoid doing when working with a hammer? / Noem 5 dinge wat jy ten alle tye moet vermy as jy met ‘n hamer werk?– ______________________________________________

______________________________________________– ______________________________________________

______________________________________________– ______________________________________________

______________________________________________– ______________________________________________

______________________________________________– ______________________________________________

______________________________________________

Activity 6 / Aktiwiteit 6• Make a free hand sketch of any hammering tool you have learned about in this lesson. • Maak ‘n vryhand skets van enige een van die Hamergereedskapstukke wat ons in die les behandel

het.

Free hand Sketch: ____________________________(Name of tool)Vryhand Skets: ________________________________(Naam van gereedskapstuk)

Week 6: 13 17 July 2020 YEAR 1 - 4 BELVEDERE SCHOOL/SKOOL ...

Documents

Transcript of Week 6: 13 17 July 2020 YEAR 1 - 4 BELVEDERE SCHOOL/SKOOL ...