Week 3 lecture - Gestalt

Week 3 Lecture Goal: Understanding visual theories;

introduc9on to photography J7510: Visual Communica9on with Liz Lance

Technical Aspects of the Photograph

•  Focus/Depth of Field •  Speed •  ISO/Grain •  Shot Angle •  Kinds of shots •  Color •  Composi9on

Technical Aspect: Focus/Depth of Field

Technical Aspect: Speed

Technical Aspect: ISO (Grain/Noise)

Technical Aspect: Shot Angle

Technical Aspect: Kinds of Shots Extreme Close-‐up

Technical Aspect: Kinds of Shots Close-‐up

Technical Aspect: Kinds of Shots Medium Shot

Technical Aspect: Kinds of Shots Long Shot

Technical Aspect: Kinds of Shots Extreme Long Shot

Technical Aspect: Color

Technical Aspect: Composi9on

Sensory vs. Perceptual Theories

•  Sensory theories – How the brain responds to light – Visual cues – What does the viewer sense?

•  Perceptual theories – How the mind considers cues – Making meaning – What does the viewer perceive?

Sensory Theories: Gestalt

The whole is different from the

sum of its parts.


Similarity •  Objects that look similar will be grouped together by the brain.

Gestalt: Similarity

Gestalt: Similarity

August 29, 2011. An eco-‐conscious designer gives final instruc9ons for building a environmentally friendly version of Ganesh, the Hindu god of prosperity, in Hyderabad, India. The idol is made mostly of paper cups, which will pose less of an ecological hazard when, as tradi9on dictates, the decorated model is submerged in the river aaer the celebra9on. (Noah Seelam—AFP/Gecy Images)

Gestalt: Similarity

August 28, 2011. A girl combs her hair before performing a tradi9onal reed dance in Ludzidzini, Swaziland. Thousands of virginal girls from around the country go there with cut reeds to present to the Queen Mother in an annual eight-‐day ceremony. (Siphiwe Sibeko—Reuters)

Gestalt: Similarity

September 1, 2011. A worker standing on inflated rubber tubes collects water chestnuts from the banks of river Yamuna in New Delhi. Water chestnut are locally known as "Singada" and are eaten raw, boiled or are grounded into flour aaer they are dried. (Parivartan Sharma—Reuters)

Gestalt: Similarity


Proximity •  The brain more closely associates objects that are close to one another than it does objects that are farther apart.

Gestalt: Proximity

Gestalt: Proximity

August 25, 2011. Police are pelted with paint thrown by demonstrators near the presiden9al palace in San9ago, Chile. A two-‐day strike that began as a student protest for free educa9on mushroomed into a larger movement for reforms to labor laws and pensions and increases in corporate taxes to fund health and educa9on. (Victor R. Caivano—AP)

Gestalt: Proximity

August 30, 2011. Somali children play with toy guns and weapons in Mogadishu at the start of the three-‐day Eid al-‐Fitr feast. Eid-‐al-‐Fitr celebra9ons mark the end of the fas9ng Muslim month of Ramadan. (Abdurashid Abikar—AFP/Gecy Images)

Gestalt: Proximity


Con:nua:on and Closure •  The brain seeks to provide smooth con9nua9on or closure of a perceived movement.

•  The brain will see objects on a line as connected, and anything not on that line as disconnected.

Gestalt: Con9nua9on

Gestalt: Con9nua9on

August 30, 2011. Thousands of Muslims gather in Tahrir Square in Cairo to pray and mark ’Id al-‐Fitr, the end of fas9ng during Ramadan. The ’Id was the first since revolu9onaries demonstra9ng in the square deposed Egyp9an President Hosni Mubarak in February and triggered similar protests against dictators throughout the Arab world. (Khaled Desouki—AFP/Gecy Images)

Gestalt: Con9nua9on

August 31, 2011. The shadow of a museum employee falls onto a Union Flag recovered from the wreckage of the World Trade Center in New York following the 2001 acacks, at the Imperial War Museum in Manchester, northern England. The flag will form part of an exhibi9on marking the tenth anniversary of 9/11, and will start on September 10, running for two years. (Nigel Roddis—Reuters)

Gestalt: Con9nua9on

Gestalt: Closure


Common Fate •  The brain groups items together because of the direc9on they appear to be going. That is, they appear to have a common fate.

Gestalt: Common Fate

August 28, 2011. A U.S. F-‐15 fighter fires flares aaer striking Taliban insurgents in Kunar province in Afghanistan. Aaer Taliban forces shot down a helicopter, killing 30 American soldiers, August became the deadliest month for U.S. forces since the war in Afghanistan began a decade ago. (Nikola Solic—Reuters)


August 30, 2011. Na9onal Guard Blackhawk helicopters equipped with Bambi buckets drop water on the marsh fire in New Orleans East. (Times-‐Picayune /Landov)


August 31, 2011. Burning Man par9cipant Karen Wennberg of Sante Fe, New Mexico, pauses aaer wri9ng a personal message on "The Temple of Transi9on" during the Burning Man 2011 "Rites of Passage" arts and music fes9val in the Black Rock desert of Nevada. More than 50,000 people from all over the world have gathered at the 25th edi9on of the sold-‐out fes9val. (Jim Bourg—Reuters)

Week 3 lecture - Gestalt

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