Wednesday, March 28, 2012
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Transcript of Wednesday, March 28, 2012
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Wednesday, March 28, 2012Goal: 10.9.1 Explain in detail what life
was like in America during the Cold War
In-class: Atomic Café Video, CST Review Questions
Warm-up: What was the U.S. containment policy?
Homework: None tonight!
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Thursday, March 29, 2012Goal: 10.9.4 Analyze the rise of Mao & explain
the political & economic upheavals in China
In-class: 17.2 Communists Take Over China Notes, Worksheet
Warm-up: What are some things you know about China today? Policies? Government? Economy?
Homework: Finish worksheet (should be done in class)
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17.2 Communists Take Power in
China
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Communists vs. Nationalists
China was in a Civil War between the Nationalists & Communists
Japan invaded in 1937 and both groups united to fight against the Japanese during WWII
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The Communists Mao Zedong—leader of the Chinese Communist
Party (founded in 1921)
Had a stronghold in Northwestern China
Mobilized peasants for guerilla warfare against the Japanese
Made efforts to improve food production & literacy & won support in NW China by 1945
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The Nationalists Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-
Shek)—leader of the Nationalist
Dominated Southwest China
Did not do much fighting in WWII
Instead, they saved up strength to fight Mao’s Red Army after WWII ended
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Chinese Civil War Resumes Renewed Civil War lasted from 1946-1949
Nationalist Army outnumbered the Communists & were supported by the U.S.
Nationalists could not win popular support
China’s economy collapsed as a result of WWII & thousands of soldiers & civilians switched to the Communist Party
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Chinese Civil War Resumes By 1949, China’s major
cities fell to Mao’s Red Army
Jiang’s army & government fled to Taiwan
Mao’s Promises Give land back to the peasants China became the People’s
Republic of China Signed Treaty of Friendship
with Russia (1950)
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Two Chinas Taiwan or Nationalist China
Supported by U.S. Militarily weak & corrupt Weak public support
Communist or People’s Republic of China Supported by Soviets Soviet-Chinese Alliance to support each other in an
attack by the West Experienced & motivated guerilla army Strong public support
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Communist China Expands Chinese Red Army
expanded into Tibet, India, & Mongolia
1950-51, brutally took over Tibet & the Dalai Lama fled to India
India harbored Tibetan refugees which increased tension between China and India
Mongolia
India
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Communists Transform China Set up two political organizations, both headed by
Mao until 1959 The Communist Party National Government
Agrarian Reform Law of 1950 Mao seized land of owners & returned it to the peasants Killed over a million people in the process
Established a 5-Year Economic Plan Plan to boost industry & business Increased output of coal, steel, concrete, & electricity
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Communists Transform China The Great Leap Forward (1958)
Called for large collective farms, or communes
Peasants worked & lived there, owning nothing
Considered a failure after crop famines killed 20 million people
China and USSR begin to compete to led the worldwide Communist Movement by the late 1950s
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The Cultural Revolution Led by the Red Guards, militias of Communist supporters
Goal: to establish a society of peasants & workers in which all were equal
Anything artistic & intellectual considered useless
Shut down colleges and schools
Intellectuals had to “purify” themselves by doing hard labor
Thousands executed & imprisoned
Chaos threatened the farm production & industry
Communist National Army was told to suppress the Red Guards & end the revolution