webDNA-UserManual-226

PowerAnser Labs

webDNA

User Manual, July, 2009

PowerAnser Labs Mumbai, India

advise

webLFA and webTracing User Manual

PowerAnser Labs Confidential ii

Notice

© 2009 PowerAnser Labs – IITBombay and Tata Consultancy Services Limited

This is a controlled document. Unauthorised access, copying, replication or usage for a purpose other than for which it is intended, are prohibited.

All trademarks that appear in the document have been used for identification purposes only and belong to their respective companies.


PowerAnser Labs Confidential iii

Document Release Note

Document details

Name Version no. Description

webDNA User Manual Version 2.2.6 webDNA User Manual for webLFA (Release 2.2.6)

Revision details

Action taken (add/del/change)

Previous page no.

New page no.

Revision description

Change Register serial numbers covered:

The documents or revised pages are subject to document control.

Please keep them up-to-date using the release notices from the distributor of the document.

These are confidential documents. Unauthorised access or copying is prohibited.

Approved by: Date:

Authorised by: Date:


PowerAnser Labs Confidential iv

Document Revision List

Document Name: webLFA User Manual (Release 2.2.6)

Release Notice Reference (for release)

Rev. No.

Revision date

Revision description

Page no.

Previous page no.

Action taken

Addenda/New page

Release notice

reference


PowerAnser Labs Confidential v

About this Document

Purpose

This manual has been prepared to help you understand and use the webDNA application. It presents

functional capabilities, operational details of webDNA and contains the procedures that you should

know for performing your business tasks using webDNA. Additionally, this manual provides

information on the system requirements and installation of webDNA.

The System Administration and Database Maintenance tasks have not been covered in this manual.

For more information about these functions, please refer to the Administrator‟s Guide for webDNA.

<Include the complete access path for the Administrator’s Guide.>

Intended Audience

This manual is intended for the user using the webDNA application for webLFA and webTracing.

Following are the prerequisites for performing the tasks presented in this manual:

Functional Double-click to view guidelines and insert info object: Prerequisites_Functional

Technical Double-click to view guidelines and insert info object: Prerequisites_Technical

Organization of the Document

Information in this document has been organised as follows:

Table 1.1: Organisation of the Document

Chapter Description

Chapter 1 Provides a brief introduction to the webDNA application.

Chapter 2 Provides installation and setup information with respect to the hardware and software requirements.

Chapter 3 Provides details on getting started with the webDNA application.

Chapter 4 Provides System definition.

Chapter 5 It gives introduction to building a power system network and its components.

Chapter 6-11 The details of the network data View panels are explained in these chapters.

Chapter 12 The steps involved in Load Flow Engine - webLFA execution are described in this section. The steps are explained through screen-shots of our application.

Chapter 13 Provides details on viewing Load Flow results.

Chapter 14

Chapter 15

Note: <Insert Text here.>


PowerAnser Labs Confidential vi

Typographical Conventions

The following table gives the details of the typographical conventions used in the document:

Table 1.2: Typographical Conventions

Formatting Convention

Type of Information

KEY NAMES Keys on the keyboard appear in title case (first letter in upper case). For example, Page Up, Caps Lock.

A combination of keys is connected by a +. For example, Shift + Tab means you should press the Shift key and Tab key together.

Filenames Names of files are in italics. Example, System.mdb.

Command and Screen element names

Buttons, check boxes, and so on. Commands that you choose from the menus or dialog boxes appear in title case and in bold font.

Example: Click Components from the Action menu.

User-entered text Text that you would need to enter appears in Verdana font

Courier New Bold File names, directory names, URLs and navigation paths. Example: http://xyz.com

References

http://www.poweranser.com

http://www.tcs.com

http://xyz.com/

http://www.poweranser.com/

http://www.tcs.com/


PowerAnser Labs Confidential 7

Contents

1.1 Background of PowerAnser Labs ........................................................................................................ 15

1.2 Software-As-A-Service Model .............................................................................................................. 15

1.3 Power System Network- A Quick Overview ......................................................................................... 16

1.3.1 Load Flow Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 16

1.3.2 Power Tracing ................................................................................................................................. 16

1.4 webDNA – An Overview ...................................................................................................................... 17

1.4.1 webLFA ........................................................................................................................................... 18

1.4.2 webTracing ...................................................................................................................................... 18

2.1 Software Environment ......................................................................................................................... 19

2.2 Hardware Environment ........................................................................................................................ 19

2.3 Setup and Installation .......................................................................................................................... 19

2.3.1 Download Instructions ..................................................................................................................... 20

2.3.2 Installation Instructions .................................................................................................................... 20

2.4 User Roles and Access Rights .............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

3.1 Logging In ............................................................................................................................................ 21

3.1.1 Network Settings ............................................................................................................................. 22

3.2 Main Screen ........................................................................................................................................ 23

3.3 Change Password ............................................................................................................................... 25

4.1 Choose Network System ..................................................................................................................... 26

4.1.1 New System window ....................................................................................................................... 27

4.1.2 Network Scenario ............................................................................................................................ 28

4.2 Choose Forecasting Region ................................................................................................................ 30

5.1 Application Window ............................................................................................................................. 31

5.2 System Features ................................................................................................................................. 33

5.2.1 Save System ................................................................................................................................... 33

5.2.2 Save as Network Scenario .............................................................................................................. 34

5.2.3 Import Network ................................................................................................................................ 35

5.2.4 Export Network ................................................................................................................................ 35

5.2.5 Lock / Unlock ................................................................................................................................... 36



6.1 Device Features .................................................................................................................................. 38

6.1.1 Device Symbols............................................................................................................................... 38

6.1.2 Add New Component Devices ........................................................................................................ 38

6.1.3 Connect devices .............................................................................................................................. 39

6.1.4 Select Device(s) on SLD canvas ..................................................................................................... 40

6.1.5 Edit Device ...................................................................................................................................... 40

6.1.6 Delete Device(s) .............................................................................................................................. 40

6.1.7 Reset Connection Route Control Point ............................................................................................ 40

6.1.8 Reset route ...................................................................................................................................... 41

6.1.9 Rotate device(s) .............................................................................................................................. 41

6.1.10 Format ........................................................................................................................................ 41

6.1.11 Toggle Service status ................................................................................................................. 41

6.1.12 Duplicate device .......................................................................................................................... 41

6.1.13 Copy-Paste device(s) .................................................................................................................. 42

6.1.14 Zoom in/Zoom out ....................................................................................................................... 42

6.2 Voltage Colour Coding......................................................................................................................... 43

6.2.1 Look & Feel Configurations ............................................................................................................. 43

6.3 Text Tool .............................................................................................................................................. 45

6.3.1 Change text font .............................................................................................................................. 46

6.4 Ruler .................................................................................................................................................... 46

6.5 Full Screen On/Off ............................................................................................................................... 46

6.6 Pan ...................................................................................................................................................... 46

6.7 Search ................................................................................................................................................. 47

6.8 Device Properties on SLD ................................................................................................................... 47

6.9 Nominal Flow direction ........................................................................................................................ 48

6.10 Export as Image .................................................................................................................................. 48

7.1 Open Tabular View .............................................................................................................................. 49

7.2 Edit device- Tabular View .................................................................................................................... 49

7.3 Add device - Tabular View ................................................................................................................... 49

7.4 Delete device - Tabular view ............................................................................................................... 50

7.5 Pop-Maximize-Close............................................................................................................................ 50

8.1 Property Pane Features ....................................................................................................................... 51

8.1.1 Panel Resize feature ....................................................................................................................... 51

8.1.2 Pop-out / Maximize /Close .............................................................................................................. 51

8.1.3 Star-marked field ............................................................................................................................. 52

8.1.4 Panel tabs ....................................................................................................................................... 52

8.1.5 Accept / Cancel ............................................................................................................................... 52

8.2 Device features .................................................................................................................................... 52



8.2.1 Bus .................................................................................................................................................. 52

8.2.2 Generator ........................................................................................................................................ 53

8.2.3 Transformer ..................................................................................................................................... 55

8.2.4 Load ................................................................................................................................................ 56

8.2.5 Transmission Line ........................................................................................................................... 58

8.2.6 Shunt Capacitor............................................................................................................................... 59

8.2.7 Shunt Reactor ................................................................................................................................. 60

8.3 Conductor Library ................................................................................................................................ 61

9.1 Panel Features .................................................................................................................................... 64

9.1.1 Pop-out / Maximize / Close ............................................................................................................. 64

9.1.2 Panel Resize Up / down menu ........................................................................................................ 64

9.1.3 Exact match / Case sensitive .......................................................................................................... 64

11.1 Validation Console features ................................................................................................................. 67

11.1.1 Pop-out / Maximize / Close ......................................................................................................... 67

11.1.2 Panel Resize Up / down menu .................................................................................................... 67

11.2 Load Flow Specific Validations ............................................................................................................ 67

11.3 Network Islands ................................................................................................................................... 68

12.1 Load Flow Configurations .................................................................................................................... 69

12.2 Generation / Load Profile ..................................................................................................................... 70

12.3 Executing Load Flow (webLFA) ........................................................................................................... 74

13.1 Load Flow Results-Violation ................................................................................................................ 75

13.2 Load Flow Results ............................................................................................................................... 78

13.2.1 Tab-Summary ............................................................................................................................. 78

13.3 Load Flow Results-Bus ........................................................................................................................ 79

13.4 Load Flow Results-Generator .............................................................................................................. 80

13.5 Load Flow Results-Transformer .......................................................................................................... 81

13.6 Load Flow Results-Transmission Line ................................................................................................. 81

13.7 Load Flow Results-Loads .................................................................................................................... 82

13.8 Load Flow Results-Reactors ................................................................................................................ 84

13.9 Load Flow Results-Capacitors ............................................................................................................. 84

13.10 Using the Interface .......................................................................................................................... 85

13.10.1 Using Menus and Toolbars ......................................................................................................... 85

13.10.2 Using Shortcut Keys ................................................................................................................... 85



13.11 Logging Out ..................................................................................................................................... 86

14.1 <Maintaining User Details> .................................................................................................................. 87

14.1.1 <Adding User Details> ................................................................................................................ 87

14.1.2 Field Reference ........................................................................................................................... 88

Heading 2 .............................................................................................................................................. 1

Heading 2 .............................................................................................................................................. 1

Heading 3 .......................................................................................................................................... 1

Heading 3 .......................................................................................................................................... 1

Heading 2 .............................................................................................................................................. 1

Heading 2 .............................................................................................................................................. 1

Heading 3 .......................................................................................................................................... 1

Heading 3 .......................................................................................................................................... 1

The total number of pages in this document, including the cover page, is 89.



List of Figures

FIGURE 3.1: COMMAND PROMPT ........................................................................................... 19 FIGURE 3.2: LOGIN SCREEN .................................................................................................. 21 FIGURE 3.3: NETWORK SETTINGS .......................................................................................... 22 FIGURE 3.4: MAIN SCREEN .................................................................................................... 24 FIGURE 3.5: CHANGE PASSWORD .......................................................................................... 25 FIGURE 4.1 : SYSTEM DEFINITION .......................................................................................... 26 FIGURE 4.2 : CHOOSE NETWORK SYSTEM .............................................................................. 26 FIGURE 4.3 : NEW SYSTEM WINDOW ...................................................................................... 27 FIGURE 4.4 : CHOOSE NETWORK SCENARIO ........................................................................... 28 FIGURE 4.5 : CHOOSE FORECASTING REGION ........................................................................ 30 FIGURE 5.1 : APPLICATION WINDOW ....................................................................................... 31 FIGURE 5.2 : APPLICATION WINDOW DETAILS .......................................................................... 32 FIGURE 5.3 : VIEW PANELS ................................................................................................... 33 FIGURE 5.4 : SAVE SYSTEM ................................................................................................... 33 FIGURE 5.5 : SLD SAVE ERROR ............................................................................................. 34 FIGURE 5.6 : SLD SAVE ERROR ............................................................................................. 34 FIGURE 5.7 : SAVE AS SCENARIO ........................................................................................... 34 FIGURE 5.8 : IMPORT NETWORK ............................................................................................ 36 FIGURE 5.9 : LOCK / UNLOCK ................................................................................................. 37 FIGURE 6.1 : COPY AND PASTE .............................................................................................. 42 FIGURE 6.2 : SLD LOOK AND FEEL......................................................................................... 43 FIGURE 6.3 : COLOUR SELECTION DIALOG BOX ....................................................................... 45 FIGURE 6.4 : RULER .............................................................................................................. 46 FIGURE 6.5 : SEARCH DEVICE ................................................................................................ 47 FIGURE 6.6 : SLD PARAMETER VISIBILITY CONFIGURATION ...................................................... 47 FIGURE 7.1 : TABULAR VIEW .................................................................................................. 49 FIGURE 7.2 : PANEL VIEW OPTIONS ........................................................................................ 50 FIGURE 8.1 : PROPERTY PANEL FEATURES ............................................................................. 51 FIGURE 8.2 : PANEL VIEW OPTIONS ........................................................................................ 51 FIGURE 8.3 : BUS PROPERTY PANEL ....................................................................................... 52 FIGURE 8.4 : GENERATOR PROPERTY PANEL .......................................................................... 53 FIGURE 8.5 : TRANSFORMER PROPERTY PANEL ..................................................................... 55 FIGURE 8.6 : LOAD PROPERTY PANEL .................................................................................... 56 FIGURE 8.7 : TRANSMISSION LINE PROPERTIES ...................................................................... 58 FIGURE 8.8 : SHUNT CAPACITOR ........................................................................................... 60 FIGURE 8.9 : SHUNT REACTOR PROPERTIES .......................................................................... 61 FIGURE 8.10 : UPDATING CONDUCTOR LIBRARY ..................................................................... 62 FIGURE 8.11 : CONDUCTOR TYPE DETAILS ............................................................................. 62 FIGURE 8.12 : VIEW CONDUCTOR LIBRARY ............................................................................. 62 FIGURE 9.1 : PANEL VIEW OPTIONS ........................................................................................ 64 FIGURE 10.1 : BIRD‟S VIEW PANEL ......................................................................................... 65 FIGURE 11.1 : VALIDATION PANEL .......................................................................................... 66 FIGURE 11.2 : POPOUT MAXIMIZE CLOSE ............................................................................... 67 FIGURE 11.3 : NETWORK ISLANDS ......................................................................................... 68 FIGURE 12.1 : LOAD FLOW ENGINE PARAMETERS ................................................................... 69 FIGURE 12.2 : PROFILES LIST ................................................................................................ 70 FIGURE 12.3 : PROFILE DETAILS ............................................................................................ 71 FIGURE 12.4 : EDITING LOAD DETAILS IN PROFILE ................................................................... 74 FIGURE 12.5 : CONFIRMATION DIALOG BOX BEFORE EXECUTING LOAD FLOW ............................ 74 FIGURE 13.1 : LOAD FLOW RESULTS MENU ............................................................................. 75 FIGURE 13.2 : VIOLATION REPORT ......................................................................................... 76



FIGURE 13.3 : VIOLATION REPORT-TRANSFORMER ................................................................. 76 FIGURE 13.4 : VIOLATION REPORT- TRANSFORMER ................................................................. 77 FIGURE 13.5 : LFA RESULTS TABULAR VIEW .......................................................................... 78 FIGURE 13.6 : LFA TABULAR RESULTS-BUS ........................................................................... 79 FIGURE 13.7 ........................................................................................................................ 79 FIGURE 13.8 : LFA PROPERTY PANEL AND SLD RESULTS-BUS ............................................... 80 FIGURE 13.9 : LFA TABULAR RESULTS - GENERATOR ............................................................. 80 FIGURE 13.10 : LFA PROPERTY PANEL AND SLD RESULTS-GENERATOR ................................. 80 FIGURE 13.11 : LFA TABULAR RESULTS-TRANSFORMER ......................................................... 81 FIGURE 13.12 : LFA PROPERTY PANEL AND SLD RESULTS-TRANSFORMER ............................. 81 FIGURE 13.13 : LFA TABULAR RESULTS-TRANSMISSION LINE ................................................. 82 FIGURE 13.14 : LFA PROPERTY PANEL AND SLD RESULTS-TRANSMISSION LINE ..................... 82 FIGURE 13.15 : LFA TABULAR RESULTS-LOAD ....................................................................... 83 FIGURE 13.16 : LFA PROPERTY PANEL AND SLD RESULTS-LOAD ........................................... 83 FIGURE 13.17 : LFA TABULAR RESULTS-SHUNT REACTOR...................................................... 84 FIGURE 13.18 : LFA PROPERTY PANEL AND SLD RESULTS-SHUNT REACTOR .......................... 84 FIGURE 13.19 : LFA TABULAR RESULTS-SHUNT CAPACITOR ................................................... 84 FIGURE 13.20 : LFA PROPERTY PANEL AND SLD RESULTS-SHUNT CAPACITOR ....................... 85 FIGURE 13.21 : KEYBOARD ASSIST ........................................................................................ 86



List of Tables

TABLE 1.1: ORGANISATION OF THE DOCUMENT......................................................................... V TABLE 1.2: TYPOGRAPHICAL CONVENTIONS ............................................................................ VI TABLE 2.1: SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................... 19 TABLE 2.2: HARDWARE ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................... 19 TABLE 2.3: USER ROLES AND ACCESS RIGHTS ........................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. TABLE 3.1 : LOGIN SCREEN ................................................................................................... 21 TABLE 3.2 : NETWORK SETTINGS SCREEN .............................................................................. 22 TABLE 3.3 : MAIN SCREEN SCREEN ........................................................................................ 24 TABLE 4.1 : CHOOSE NETWORK SYSTEM WINDOW .................................................................. 26 TABLE 4.2 : NEW SYSTEM WINDOW ........................................................................................ 27 TABLE 4.3 : NETWORK SCENARIO WINDOW ............................................................................. 28 TABLE 5.1 : APPLICATION WINDOW AND MENU ........................................................................ 32 TABLE 6.1 : SLD COMPONENTS DRAW TOOLBAR .................................................................... 38 TABLE 6.2 : ZOOM IN AND ZOOM OUT ...................................................................................... 42 TABLE 6.3 : ZOOM IN AND ZOOM OUT ...................................................................................... 43 TABLE 8.1 : BUS BAR PROPERTIES ......................................................................................... 52 TABLE 8.2 : GENERATOR PROPERTIES ................................................................................... 53 TABLE 8.3 : TRANSFORMER PROPERTIES ................................................................................ 55 TABLE 8.4 : LOAD PROPERTIES .............................................................................................. 57 TABLE 8.5 : TRANSMISSION LINE PROPERTIES ........................................................................ 58 TABLE 8.6 : SHUNT CAPACITOR PROPERTIES .......................................................................... 60 TABLE 8.7 : REACTOR PROPERTIES ........................................................................................ 61 TABLE 8.8 : CONDUCTORY LIBRARY WINDOW.......................................................................... 62 TABLE 11.1 : VALIDATION PANEL ........................................................................................... 66 TABLE 11.2 : LOAD FLOW SPECIFIC VALIDATION LIST .............................................................. 67 TABLE 12.1 : LOAD FLOW SPECIFIC VALIDATION LIST .............................................................. 69 TABLE 12.2 : LOAD PROFILES LIST ......................................................................................... 70 TABLE 12.3 : PROFILE DETAILS .............................................................................................. 71 TABLE 13.1 : VIOLATION REPORT DIALOG BOX ........................................................................ 77 TABLE 13.2 : LFA RESULTS-TABULAR VIEW ........................................................................... 77 TABLE 13.3 : LFA RESULTS-TABULAR VIEW ........................................................................... 78 TABLE 13.4 : PROFILE DETAILS .............................................................................................. 78 TABLE 13.3: MENUS AND COMMANDS ..................................................................................... 85 TABLE 13.4: ABOUT THE TOOLBAR ......................................................................................... 85 TABLE 14.1: FIELD REFERENCE TABLE ................................................................................... 88



List of Abbreviations

Abbreviation/ Acronym Expansion

TCS Tata Consultancy Services

LFA Load Flow Analysis

SLD Single Line Diagram

webDNA Delivery of Network Applications over web

PAL PowerAnser Labs

IITB Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

SaaS Software-As-A-Service

STLF Short Term Load Forecasting

MVA Mega Voltage Ampere. (1 MVA=106 VA)


PowerAnser Labs - Confidential 15

1. Introduction webDNA (Delivery of power system network applications over the web) helps power system engineers in the analysis of power system.

1.1 Background of PowerAnser Labs

TCS and the Department of Electrical Engineering of IIT-B established PowerAnser Labs (PAL) under

the aegis of the TCS Co-Innovation Network™ (COIN). The partnership leverages intellectual capital

across the two entities to deliver new standards of innovation.

PAL uses the latest technology to deliver online network analysis and decision support tools to help

power utilities and grid operators‟ access in-depth analysis at all times. In line with this goal, PAL has

developed a Short Term Load Forecasting (STLF) module which it makes available to utilities over the

web using Software-as-a-Services model.

1.2 Software-As-A-Service Model

PAL has adopted new and innovative approach to deliver applications to the users. Traditionally,

power system applications are either developed in-house or procured as third party application

package which are then deployed and maintained by the utility‟s Information Technology (IT)

department. Typically these application packages are available only from within the utility‟s office. To

maintain these applications, corresponding data and required IT infrastructure poses various

challenges.

To solve these issues, PAL has adopted SaaS model of application delivery under which PAL:

Develops various applications

Hosts these applications and maintains data required.

Maintains the required IT infrastructure (Servers, Data Centers) that offer high reliability and security.

In order to use these applications, Utility registers with PAL as a member (membership renewed

annually) of the PAL and simply accesses these application and data over the web using a simple

client application.



1.3 Power System Network- A Quick Overview

Power system network is designed to enable transfer of power from generating stations to loads.

Genrating stations and loads are geographically widespread. The wideness of the network can be

gauged from the fact that power is transferred from one state to another and in some cases even

crosses few states on the way. The Major components in a network are the transmission lines,

transformers, reactors, generators and loads. Transmission lines, as the name suggests, perform the

job of trans-mitting power. All transmission lines are not at same voltage level. Some of them may be

are at 400 kV, some of them at 220kV, others at 132kV etc. Higher the voltage level, lower the

percentage transmission loss. But technology to transmit power at higher voltage costs more. Thus,

when power has to be transferred over long distance, higher voltage levels are preferred and when it

has to be over shorter distance, lower levels are favored. Power is transferred from one voltage level

to another via transformers. In other words, transformers bind transmission lines operating at different

voltage levels together. Reactors help in maintaining a healthy voltage profile. At higher voltage

levels, reactors are inductive in nature, whereas at lower levels they are capacitive. Generators inject

power into the network. Power is routed through transmission corridor dictated by the load demand

pattern. The received power is then consumed by loads. The net met demand is equal to power

injected by generators minus transmission losses.

(In theory, picture looks quite simple, but in practice it is just the opposite.) Any hypothetical

generation-load pattern will not always result in power transmission being feasible. There are few

practical constraints such as non-linearity of the system, arising from law of physics, which dictate

power flow considerably. For good system performance, following criteria has to be ascertained:

1. Bus voltages should not deviate much from their nominal ratings.

2. Power flow through transmission lines and transformers should be within their limit.

3. Generator should not be absorbing or supplying reactive power beyond limit.

Therefore, one needs to know a-priori, whether the given generation-load scenario is feasible and if

yes, whether all (or most of the) performance indicators are scoring high. This purpose is served

through tool called load flow analysis (LFA). Load flow (or power flow as it is called sometimes) study

is carried out to calculate voltage magnitude and phase of all the buses in the system for a given

generation and load schedule. Apart from this, load flow program can also calculate line flows, losses

associated with various lines and total loss. Going through these results, the system operator can

assess system performance.

Real power tracing is carried out to answer the following questions:

1. How much of a particular load„s power has been supplied by each of generators in the system (Generation Allocation)?

2. How much power is dispatched by generator to a particular/ each load (Load Allocation)?

3. What is the contribution of each generator and each load in the power flow of a line (Flow Allocation)?

All three contributions will be used to find the transmission system usage cost and loss cost of

particular entity. To answer these questions there are several methods which are listed below:



In the postage-stamp method, transmission users are not differentiated by the extent of use of

transmission facilities but charged based on an average embedded cost and the magnitude of

transacted power.

Contract path method, on the other hand, assumes that the transacted power would be confined to

flow along an artificially specified path through the involved transmission systems. Once the contract

path has been determined the transmission cost related to the specified path are assigned to the

transaction. In reality, however, the actual path taken by a transaction may be quite different from the

specified contract path thus involving the use of transmission facilities outside the contracted systems.

MW-km methodology may be regarded as the first pricing strategy proposed for the recovery of fixed

transmission costs based on the actual use of transmission network. In this method, charges for each

wheeling transaction are based on the measure of transmission capacity utilized in this transaction.

However, it is difficult to segregate flow in a line in components of various simultaneous transactions.

Tracing compliant

By using tracing we can calculate the usage of transmission system. Hence, transmission usage cost

per MW-km method can be worked out. Since, tracing problem is amenable to multiple solutions, we

need to define an objective to sample out the appropriate solution. Therefore modified postage stamp

method is framed as an optimization problem. The objective here is to choose the solution that is

nearest to the postage stamp allocation of transmission fixed costs. Thus, advantages of usage based

and equitable distribution of transmission fixed cost allocation is achieved simultaneously. Same

methodology is used for the loss allocation also. Because of various advantages of modified postage

stamp method over traditional methodologies, it is programmed in this application for transmission

system usage cost allocation and loss allocation.

A solution is said to be min-max fair, if any reduction in, say, percentage usage costs (MU/MW) for

one entity leads to increase in share of another entity, which has either equal or higher percentage

cost. In absence of traceability constraint min-max fairness and postage stamp method would lead to

identical cost distribution. An advantage of min-max fairness model over modified postage stamp

method is that it guarantee„s fairness for each individual user, as within traceable constrained space,

no other solution exists by which a higher cost entity (MU/MW) can off load usage costs to a lower

cost entity. Min-max fairness also meets an important fairness criterion known as „aggregate

invariance‟ which implies that artificial splitting of load or generator at a bus will not alter the final

solution.

1.4 webDNA – An Overview

webDNA stands for „web Delivery of Network Applications‟. It is based on SaaS model and is

developed by PAL. The webDNA (Release 2.2.6) currently supports following network applications:



webLFA is a Load Flow Analysis (electrical power flow analysis) software available as a service to you.

webTracing is an electrical power tracing application available as a service to you.



2. System Requirements

2.1 Software Environment

Table 2.1: Software Environment

Operating System Windows XP/ Vista or higher>

Platform Java Virtual Machine 5.0

Other Software Microsoft Excel (optional)

Following are the steps to verify if your workstation has a correct version of Java installed or not.

1. Open Command Prompt. (From your Windows Desktop, click start-> Run…-> Type cmd in the field and click OK or simply press Windows Key + R)

2. In the Command Prompt, type the following and hit Enter

java –version

Your java version should be "1.5.0_xx" or above. If not, download and install the latest jre

from http://www.java.com/en/download/manual.jsp

2.2 Hardware Environment

Table 2.2: Hardware Environment

Recommended Computer system configuration

Operating System - Windows XP / Vista or higher. Monitor - Best viewed on 17” monitor (1280x1024) Processor – Minimum Pentium – IV or above. RAM – Minimum 512MB or more. 10/100/1000 Mbps Ethernet LAN with Internet Modem

2.3 Setup and Installation

PAL makes available webLFA application accessible over the internet which can be used from

anywhere and anytime. In order to do this, PAL has developed a client application software called

PSAConsole which you can use to run webLFA.

Figure 2.1: Command Prompt

http://www.java.com/en/download/manual.jsp



PSAConsole, a thin, light weight application allows you to access all the application developed and

hosted by PAL. PSAConsole provides only the user interface. Actual data and computation engines

are hosted at PAL‟s servers which are accessible over the internet.

Download the webDNA Client Application from following link:

http://www.ee.iitb.ac.in/palabs/palabs/webDNAClient.zip

Approximate Size: 10 MB

To download the client software, please point your web browser to the above mentioned link. The

browser will prompt the you to download the webDNAClient.zip file. Please save the file at the desired

destination folder on your computer.

To install the PSAConsole client application on Windows XP, follow these simple instructions:

1. Locate the downloaded file webDNAClient.zip as explained above.

2. Create a folder (let‟s say C:\PowerAnserLabs) that will store all the contents of the zip file.

3. Extract the contents of the webDNAClient.zip file to the folder mentioned above.

You can also create a short cut for webDNAClient.jar file on your desktop to easily launch the

application.

http://www.ee.iitb.ac.in/palabs/palabs/webDNAClient.zip



3. Getting Started To start the application, double click on the executable file PALPsaConsole.jar in the folder where the application files are installed.This brings up the Login window which is explained in the next section.

Alternatively, to start the webDNA client through command prompt, please follow the instructions

below:

1. In the Command Prompt, Change Directory to the location where you have downloaded and extracted the PALPsaConsole.zip as explained in the previous section. For example, in our case,

cd C:\PowerAnserLabs

2. In the Command Prompt , run the PALPsaConsole.jar located in the above folder as follows:

java –jar PALPsaConsole.jar

This will open the login window.

3.1 Logging In

To log on to webDNA client:

In the webDNA Login dialog box, enter your username and password, and click Login. On successful

login the webDNA main page appears.

Following table lists all the controls available on Login Dialog:

Table 3.1 : Login screen

Sr. No. Icon/Element Name Description

1 Username Enter your webDNA login username

2 Password Enter your webDNA login password

Actions:

1 <Help> Opens Help Section for this interface

2 <Network Settings> <Opens Network Settings Dialog box

3 <Exit> <Closes this application

4 <Reset> <Reset the username and password to login as a different user>

Figure 3.1: Login Screen




5 <Login> <Complete the logging in process. After successful login, the system presents the Main screen>

Following table lists all the controls available on Network Settings Configuration Dialog:

Table 3.2 : Network Settings screen


PAL Server Configuration

PAL Server configuration defines the Internet Address of the Servers of the PAL hosting and running the data and computation algorithms. The client application communicates with this server to process all the your requests.

1 PAL Server URL of PAL Server running the application.

By default this should be set to : http://ee.iitb.ac.in/paltest

Warning: Please do not change this setting unless and until directives received from PAL. With incorrect settings, you may not be able to use the system.

2 Port Port number at which the PAL servers are listening requests from the client applications.

By default this should be set to “0”.

Warning: Please do not change this setting unless and until directives received from PAL. With incorrect settings, you may not be able to use the system.

Figure 3.2: Network Settings

http://ee.iitb.ac.in/paltest




Proxy Configuration

With these settings, the client application knows how to access the Internet from your desktop. Depending on your system environment, the internet can be accessible either directly or through Proxy Server.

3

Direct Connection to Internet

Choose this option if your computer is directly connected to the Internet.

This setting is typically used when we are using Dial-up internet connection.

4

Manual Proxy Settings Choose this option if the Internet to your computer is accessible via a Proxy Server.

Typically at the Office/Work place, internet is accessible via LAN and Proxy Server. Please contact System Administrator at your work place to get the details required.

Warning: Please do not change this setting unless and until directives received from your System Administrator. With incorrect settings, you will not be able to use the system.

4.a Proxy Type As of now only HTTP Proxy is supported.

4.b Server Specify the IP address or name of the Proxy Server.

4.c Port Port number at which the Proxy Server is running.

4.d User Name If Proxy Server requires authentication, enter

your username provided by your proxy server.

4.e Password If Proxy Server requires authentication, enter

your password provided by your proxy server.

Actions:

5 <Close> Any changes done are discarded and the

dialog is closed without saving the settings.

6 <OK> Settings are accepted, saved and dialog is

closed. Control returns to the Login screen.

3.2 Main Screen

Once you log into the system, you will see the following main screen. From this screen you can select either of the application (e.g. webLFA or webSTLF) icon to access the particular application.



Following table lists all the controls available on Main Screen:

Table 3.3 : Main Screen screen


1

webSTLF

Click on this icon to access webSTLF: Short Term Load Forecasting over the web. This opens Choose Forecasting Region window.

2

webLFA and webTracing

Click on this icon to access webLFA: Load Flow Analysis over the web and webTracing. This opens the Choose Network System [4.1] window.

Menu: Application

1 STLF Application Opens webSTLF

2 Network Application

Opens webLFA and webTracing

Network Settings Opens Network Settings [3.1.1] dialog

3 Change Password Prompts you with the Change Password [3.3] dialog.

4 Logout Closes the current session and logs you out. Also prompts you with Login screen [3.1] so as to allow you to login as a different user.

A confirmation dialog box appears before actually initiating the logout process.

5 Exit Completes the logging in process. After successful login, the system presents the Main screen

Menu: Window

Menu bar

Main screen Desktop Icons

Figure 3.3: Main Screen




1 Cascade All Cascades all the open windows.

2 Tile Vertically Arranges all the open windows vertically. It helps when working with multiple Systems.

3 Tile Horizontally Arranges all the open windows horizontally. It helps when working with multiple Systems.

Menu: Help

1 Help Opens Help for webDNA (planned)

3.3 Change Password

Using this dialog, you can change your password. You need to specify your old password and new

password (new password needs to be retyped in the Confirm Password field) and click on OK. Click

on Cancel to avoid any change to the old password and the control will return back to the Main

screen.

4. System Definition

A System is defined completely by a unique name and MVA base. A system may contain power

system network using power system components.

Figure 3.4: Change Password



Figure 4.2 : Choose Network System

4.1 Choose Network System

The window displays various systems that you previously created. This window allows you to

create/modify a particular system. It also allows you to delete a system or group of systems.

Following table lists all the controls available on Choose Network System window:

Table 4.1 : Choose Network System window

Sr. No. / Column No.

Column / Element Name

Description

1 Sr. No. Serial number

2 Name Name of the system

Figure 4.1 : System definition



Sr. No. / Column No.

Column / Element Name

Description

3 Owner Name of the creator of the system

4 Modified by Name of the recent user who modified the system.

5 Last Modified date Date of the system on which it was last modified.

6 Status Locked/ Unlocked status

Actions:

1 <New> Creates a new System. It opens the New System window to create a new system

2 <Modify> Opens the Modify System window to modify the name or MVA base of the existing system.

3 <Delete> Deletes the selected system. A confirmation dialog box is displayed before and after deletion. All the Scenarios of the System are also deleted.

4 <Network Scenario>

Opens the Network Scenario of the selected System.

5 <Open> Opens the selected system in the Application window.

6 <Cancel> Closes this window. The control

reaches the Main Screen.

Following table lists all the controls available on New System window:

Table 4.2 : New System window

Figure 4.3 : New System window



Sr. No. Element/Column Name

Description

A System name Creates a new System. It opens the New System window to create a new system

B Description Add description for your reference.

C Base MVA The MVA base of the system.

D Service Select the check boxes for which you want to use the system.

Actions:

1 <Cancel> Closes this dialog box. The new system is not created. The control returns to the Choose Network System [4.1] window.

2 <Save> Saves the new system. A confirmation dialog box is displayed. The control returns to the Choose Network System [4.1] window where your newly saved system is selected.

Network Scenario of a System is an instance of that System. Suppose you have created a certain

system „My PS‟, for which you want to test a certain “What if... ? “ condition. Network Scenario allows

you to do so without having to touch the original system. Network Scenario of a System creates an

exact copy of the System. In this way, you can edit the Network Scenario and test your condition. The

original System remains intact.

Following table lists all the controls available Network Scenario window:

Table 4.3 : Network Scenario window

Figure 4.4 : Choose Network Scenario



Sr. No. /Column No.

Element/Column Name

Description

Available Network Scenarios:

It displays a list of already created Network Scenarios for the given System.


2 Name Name of the Network Scenario

3 System Name of the system whose Network Scenario is made.

4 Owner Name of the user who created the Scenario.

5 Last Modified By Name of the user who last modified the Scenario.

6 Last Modified Date Date on which the Scenario was last modified.

7 Status Locked / Unlocked status

Actions:

1 <New> Creates a new Network Scenario of the System.

2 <Modify> Modifies the properties on the selected Scenario

3 <Delete> Deletes a scenario

4 <Network System> Toggles the control back to the System.

5 <Open> Opens the selected Scenario Application Window.

6 <Cancel> Closes the window. Control reaches to the previous window.



4.2 Choose Forecasting Region

Figure 4.5 : Choose Forecasting Region



5. Building a Power System Network

Now, let‟s get started to build a Power System Network. Follow the follwing steps:

1. Login into the webLFA and on the Choose Network System window click New.

2. Create a new System as shown in New System window and click Save.

3. Click on Open on the Choose Network System.

You should see the following Application window:

5.1 Application Window

The Application window is feature-rich with all the tools required for you to work with a System

Network. Currently, it opens with default Single Line Diagram (SLD) Tab.

We shall now explain various items on the Application window with the help of Screenshots:

Figure 5.1 : Application window



An SLD is just one of the ways you can view your system as a network of connected power system

devices. In subsequent chapters we shall introduce you to other View Panels as well.

Following table will give more information regarding the Application menus and short-cuts on

Application Toolbar on New System window:

Table 5.1 : Application window and menu

Sr. No. Element / Item Description

1 File This menu contains items which are required for opening or closing a system/scenario, importing/exporting system data.

2 Network This menu contains configuring tools applicable to the whole network. It also contains list of devices that can be added into the power system network.

3 SLD This menu contains tools to configure SLD canvas

4 View This menu contains various view panels to view your power system network.

5 Load Flow Load Flow configuration and execution tools

6 Tracing Tracing configuration and execution tools

7 Preferences SLD Look-and-feel and other user preferences.

8 Help Help contains link to user manual and keyboard short-cuts list.

Main Menu

SLD Components Draw Toolbar

Application Menu

SLD Canvas Format Toolbar

Application toolbar

Status Bar at the bottom

SLD canvas

Figure 5.2 : Application window details



5.2 System Features

You can save your System / Scenario by clicking on the Save on Server icon in the Application toolbar or selecting File->Save or by pressing short-cut key Ctrl+S. A confirmation box is displayed confirming that the system is saved.

Device

Property

Panel

Validation

Panel

SLD canvas

Tab to shift

focus to other

view Panels

Status bar

Figure 5.3 : View Panels

Figure 5.4 : Save System



Trouble shooting: If the SLD Save dialog box displays No route to host: connect, then it means that there is a problem with your internet connection. The system will not been saved on the server. Please check your Online/ Offline status and your internet connection settings.

However, if the SLD Save dialog box displayed is Connection refused: connect, either the user has been logged out or the server is down. Please call the Server Administrator for help.

You can save the power system network as a new scenario of the System you have created. Select File->Save a Scenario from the Application menus. In the Save as Scenario dialog box, enter a suitable Scenario name and click Save.

Figure 5.5 : SLD save error

Figure 5.6 : SLD save error

Figure 5.7 : Save as Scenario



You can import data from Microsoft Excel® spreadsheet into the webDNA system provided the data is

arranged in the webDNA format. (Link to a sample IEEE 14 bus system excel file). If you want to import certain power system network data from Excel sheet, you can do so by using Import feature. To do so follow the following steps:

1. Save the existing system.

2. From the Application menu, select the File -> Import from Excel. Alternatively, you can click

on the Import icon on the main LFA toolbar.

3. In the Open File dialog box, navigate to the required file and select Open.

4. In the Network Import dialog box, you can select individual records from various tabs viz.

Buses, Transmission Lines, etc. and then click on Accept, or click on Accept All, to

select all records. Then click on Finish . You can cancel import by clicking on Close icon.

The Network Import tool first compares the data in the imported Excel sheet to the System data present in the server. In the Network Import dialog box,

those records which are absent in the server copy and have been newly added in the imported Excel sheet will be highlighted in Pink colour.

those records where the server copy and the imported Excel sheet data do not match, are highlighted in Grey colour.

those records where the data in the server matches with that in the imported Excel sheet, are highlighted in White colour.

You can also export a certain network into an Excel file using Export, edit the file offline, but keeping the „Name‟ field of the components viz. Bus, Transformers, Transmission Lines, etc. same as before. In the Network Import dialog box, you shall see that the records which were edited are highlighted.

1. Save the existing power system.

2. On the system Application menu, click on File menu, and then select Export. Alternatively, on

the main Application toolbar, click on the Export icon .

3. In the Save dialog box, navigte to the folder where you wish to export the network and click on Save. A confirmation dialog box will be displayed.



The lock facility provides you with „Read Only‟ access to the network data. Under lock mode, you

cannot edit or save the system. To lock the system, in the LFA toolbar, simply click on the icon . A dialog box will open confirming that the System has been locked. The same icon will change to

Locked state , thus, denoting that the network is locked („Read Only‟ mode). Clicking on the same icon will unlock the system (Read-Write mode) and the icon will revert back to the previous unlock

state . Alternatively, you can also Lock/Unlock by selecting Network -> Lock/Unlock Network from the Application Menu.

Figure 5.8 : Import Network



The icon in the Status bar at the bottom of the application will show the locked / unlocked status of the System.

Figure 5.9 : Lock / Unlock



6. Power System Network – Single Line Diagram

6.1 Device Features

Following table will give more information regarding the Device symbols in the SLD Components

Draw toolbar and short-cut keys to place the device on the SLD canvas:

Table 6.1 : SLD Components Draw toolbar

Sr. No. Element Name Symbol Short-cut

1 Select

Component Devices:

1 Bus

Alt + B

2 Generator

Alt + G

3 Transformer

Alt + X

4 Load

Alt + D

5 Shunt Capacitor

Alt + C

6 Shunt Reactor

Alt + R

Connection devices:

7 Transmission Line

Alt + L

8 Connector

Alt + E

For adding devices like a Bus, Generator, Load, Transformer, Capacitor or Reactor to your power system network, you could use any of the following:

Click on the respective icon of the device on the SLD Components Draw toolbar to select it. Move the cursor at the required location in your power system network in the SLD canvas and double-click on a blank area to place it there.

1. Check whether no device is selected by double-clicking on the blank area on the SLD canvas. Right-click on the blank area on the SLD canvas. Select proper device from the context-sensitive menu that appears. This menu also displays the short-cut key combination for the respective device.

2. Click anywhere on the blank area of the SLD canvas, and press the short-cut key combination as given in the above Table to place the respective device.



Each bus-bar has been provided with 8 nodes (as of now). Hence, a maximum of 8 connections can be connected to a bus-bar. You should prefer to choose the nodes that are nearest to the component and up or

A Transmission Line device can be connected between any two different valid bus-bars only. To

connect a Transmission Line between two bus-bars, say, BUS_1 and BUS_2,

1. Select the Transmission Line device from the SLD Components Draw toolbar similar to any other device as explained above Add New Component Devices. Connector points will appear on the bus-bars.

2. Click on any of the connector points of the bus-bar BUS_1 (From bus) and hold the mouse button.

3. Move the cursor to any of the connector point on bus-bar BUS_2 (To bus) and release the mouse button. A new Transmission Line device is connected between the two bus-bars.

A connector device is used to connect a device like a Generator, Load, Capacitor, Reactor or

Transformer to a valid bus-bar only. To connect a device, say, generator GEN1 to the bus-bar, say,

GenBUS_1,

1. Select the Connecton device from the SLD menu. Connector points will appear on the bus-bars.

2. Click on any of the connector points of bus-bar GenBUS_1 and hold the mouse button.

3. Move the cursor to the device GEN1 and release the mouse button. The Generator GEN1 is now connected to the the device.

You can also connect devices at the time of adding new device itself in the following way:

1. Add the new Component device as given in Add New Component Devices. It appears selected on the SLD canvas.

2. Click on the device and drag to place it on the bus-bar to which you wish to connect the device to and release the mouse button. A confirmation box appears.

3. Select Yes to connect the Component device to the bus-bar. If you select No, the device is no connected.

Check-point and Troubleshooting:

To check whether the connection has been made, double-click on the Transmission Line or the device to which the Connector is to be connected. This will open the Device Property View panel on the right of the SLD canvas. Check the fields of the “From bus” and “To bus” (in case of Transmission line or Transformer) or “On bus” (in case of other devices). The fields should to refer to the appropriate bus-bar. If not, then

1. Click on the box on the right of the respective field for selecting the bus-bar from the list of currently available valid bus-bars.

2. Select a valid busbar. (different bus-bars for Transmission Line / Transformer)

3. Click on Accept at the bottom on the Device Property View panel. The device is connected.

Warning: After every change made in the field on every tab of Device Property View panel of that device, do not forget to click Accept (or press Enter key after a field has been updated). Otherwise, the changes will not be recorded.



For selecting a single device in the power system network on the SLD, click on the Select icon in the SLD Components Draw toolbar. Then select the respective device. You can also select the device by directly clicking on the device on the SLD canvas itself. The colour of the selected device will change to the selection colour (Default colour: Blue).

To select multiple devices, select one device and press and hold on the Ctrl key while you click on other devices.

You can also select a group of devices in vicinity. Click and hold on any blank area on the SLD canvas. Drag the mouse so as to draw a rectangular box. Drag the mouse until it is large enough to hold the group of devices within the box. Now, release the mouse button. The devices within the box are selected.

You can select all devices by using the shortcut key Ctrl+A.

Double-click on the device to open the Device Property View Panel. The properties of the device can now be edited.


Select device(s) on the SLD and press Delete.

You can also delete the device(s) by selecting it(them) and then right-clicking on any selected device(s). A context-sensitive menu appears. Select Delete from the menu.

A confirmation box is displayed before any deletion. If you click on Yes the device(s) is(are) deleted. If you click on No, the device(s) is(are) not deleted.

Connection Route Control gives you the ability to control the route of the Transmission Line / Connection device. The Transmission Line / Connection has a number of route control points where the route takes an right angle turn. This feature is useful to avoid intersecting or overlapping Transmission Lines / Connections when you have a large power system network with many components.

Select the Transmission Line / Connection whose route you wish to change.Click on the Toggle Custom Route icon on the SLD toolbar. Place the cursor on desired location of the control point on the Transmission Line/ Connection and click. This will add a new control point at that location. You can add as many control points as you may wish. To toggle back, simply click on the Toggle Custom Route icon again.

After adding the control route points, you can select the Transmission Line / Connection and drag the control route points to change the route.

Warning: Check the toggle status of the Toggle Custom Route icon when adding the control route points.



Select the respective Transmission Line / Connection. Check whether the status of the Toggle Custom Route icon is selected. (If not selected, then select it). To delete a control point, click on it.

Reset route allows you to reset the path of the Connection or the Transmission line to the default as

defined by the webDNA. Resetting the route will also remove the control route points which were

added by you. You can use any one of the following ways to rest a route:

Select any Connection(s) / Transmission Line(s) and press the short-key combination Ctrl+Q for resetting the route of the selected objects.

Select any Connection(s) / Transmission Line(s). Right-click on the SLD canvas and select Reset Route from the context sensitive menu that appears.

Select any Connection(s) / Transmission Line(s). Click on SLD menu, and then select Reset Route from the drop-down list.

If you wish to reset the routes of all devices, you can select all devices by using the shortcut key

Ctrl+A and then reset the routes as given above.

Select the Component device(s) and then press Ctrl+K to rotate the device(s) clockwise and Ctrl+L to

rotate it(them) in counter-clockwise direction. You can also right click on the device(s) and select

Rotate clockwise/counter-clockwise from the context sensitive menu that appears.

Every device on SLD canvas consists of a device symbol and device name. Format tool helps you to

change the appearance of any device on the SLD canvas and apply the changes to all similar

devices.

1. Select any device on the SLD canvas by clicking on it.

2. Again, click on it once. A dotted box appears enclosing the device symbol and the device name.

3. Click and hold on the device name/text within the dotted box and drag it to a desired location around the device symbol and release the mouse button.

4. Either use the short-cut key Ctrl+I or right-click on the selected device and select Format from the context sensitive menu that appears. The format now applies to all the devices of similar type.

You can toggle the In Service / Out of Service status of any device from SLD. Right-click on any device on the SLD canvas, and then select Toggle Service Status from the context-sensitive menu that appears. Alternatively, you can also select a device on SLD canvas, and then press short-cut key Alt+I. The colour of an „Out of Service‟ device is greyed.

You can create an exact copy of any device (except bus-bar and connection) by creating its duplicate. Right-click on any device on the SLD canvas, and then select Create Duplicate from the context-sensitive menu that appears. Alternatively, you can also select a device on SLD canvas, and then press short-cut key Ctrl+D.



The duplicate device will be connected to the same bus-bar and it will have same properties as the original device. You can create as many duplicate devices as the number of unconnected nodes on the bus-bar.

You can copy and paste device(s) on the SLD canvas. The properties of the pasted device(s) is(are) set to that of the copied device(s).

1. Select the device(s) that you want to copy.For branch device(s) such as Transmission Line(s) or Transformer(s), select the bus-bars that it (they) is(are) connected to alongwith the branch device(s). You can use any one of the following ways to copy it(them):

Right-click on it on the SLD canvas, and then select Copy from the context-sensitive menu that appears.

Or, press shortcut key Ctrl+C,

Or, click on Copy icon in the SLD Canvas Format toolbar.

Or, from the Application menus, click on SLD -> Copy

2. To paste the copied device(s), you can use any one of the following ways:

Right-click on it on the SLD canvas, and then select Paste from the context-sensitive menu that appears.

Or, press shortcut key Ctrl+V,

Or, click on Paste icon in the SLD Canvas Format toolbar.

Or, from the Application menus, click on SLD -> Paste.

The Zoom In/Zoom Out capabilty allows you to view the network at different scales. Refer to the

following table to use this feature.

Table 6.2 : Zoom in and zoom out

Sr. No. Element Name

Icon Short-cut key

Description

1 Zoom in Alt+Equals Zooms in so that the objects appear larger in size.

Figure 6.1 : Copy and Paste




Icon Short-cut key

Description

2 Zoom out Alt+Minus Zooms out so that the objects appear smaller in size.

3 Fit to size Alt+8 The scale is adjusted automatically so that you can view your entire network in the SLD canvas. Click to toggle back to your previous setting.

4 Default SLD scale

You can return to your default SLD scale by clicking on this icon.

Click on the respective icon on the SLD Canvas toolbar to use the feature. You can also use the short-key combination or click on SLD, and then select from the menu that appears. To zoom in

(closer to the model), click Zoom , press and hold down the left mouse button then drag the mouse up.

6.2 Voltage Colour Coding

To enhance your view of the power system network, you can use this feature to differentiate between various components on the basis of their voltage levels. Every device will have a default colour

according to its voltage level. Click on the Voltage Level Colour Coding icon on the SLD Canvas Format toolbar to toggle the colours.

The appearance of the SLD canvas can be enhanced through the SLD - Look & Feel configurations.

To open the config dialog box, you can use any one of the following methods:

Click on the SLD- Look and Feel icon from the SLD Canvas Format toobar.

Click Preferences-->SLD Look And Feel Configuration.

Use the shortcut key combination Alt+Z.

The following table gives more information on the above dialog box:

Table 6.3 : Zoom in and zoom out

Figure 6.2 : SLD Look and Feel




Button/ Item Description

SLD Colour Scheme

1 Foreground colour

Sets the colour of the power system components on the SLD canvas. It opens the colour selection dialog box.

2 Background colour

Sets the colour of the SLD canvas. It opens the colour selection dialog box.

3 Marquee colour

Sets the colour of the marquee objects. It opens the colour selection dialog box.

4 Selection colour

Sets the colour of the objects which are selected in the SLD canvas. It opens the colour selection dialog box.

Grid Details

1 Grid mode Sets the canvas mode according to the selection from the drop-down list.

None No grid. (Default)

Dot grid A grid of spaced dots(.) on the canvas

Line Grid The canvas is a graph of squares.

Cross Grid Dot grid is replaced by spaced cross (+)

2 Grid size Sets the size of the dot (cross) of the grid.

3 Grid colour Sets the colour of the grid.

Actions:

1 <Reset> Resets the colours to webDNA default.

2 <Apply> Applies the settings to the immediate effect.

3 <Cancel> Cancels the settings which were not applied and closes the dialog box. The control returns to the previous screen.

Each of the items in the SLD–Colour Scheme will open a colour selection dialog box. The colours

can be selected based upon Swatches, HSB(Hue Saturation abd Brightness) , RGB (Red Green

Blue). In Swatches, you can select and colour from the palette. Your most recent selection appears in

the „Recent‟ colour palette. You can select colour from the Recent palette also by clicking on the

colour box.



Click OK, to accept the colour selection and return.

Click Cancel to return without accepting any colour selection.

Click Reset to the webDNA default colour selection.

6.3 Text Tool

The text tool allows you to insert text box on the SLD canvas.

1. Click on the text tool icon on the SLD Canvas Format toolbar.

2. Double-Click on the blank area on the SLD canvas.

3. Enter some text in the text box that appears and press Enter key (or Return key). The text box with your entered text will appear.

You can select the text box by clicking on the text once. A dotted box will appear enclosing the selected text. You can also click on it and hold the mouse button to drag it anywhere on the SLD canvas.

Figure 6.3 : Colour selection dialog box



You can change the font of the text in the selected text box (already created by using text tool). To do

so,

1. Select any text box on the SLD canvas.

2. Click on the Change Font icon on the SLD Canvas Format toolbar.

3. Select required Font and its size from the Font Chooser dialog box that appears. You can also

select the colour of the text by clicking on the Choose Foreground colour icon .

4. Click OK to accept the changes and return. Click Cancel to return without applying the changes.

6.4 Ruler

The ruler helps you measure the actual print size of your SLD network at the time of printing. You can

toggle the ruler ON/OFF by clicking on the Ruler icon in the SLD Canvas Format toolbar or by using the shortcut key Ctrl+R.

You can toggle the ruler unit (inches / centimetres) by clicking on the square button on the top left

corner of the ruler.

6.5 Full Screen On/Off

You can toggle the SLD canvas to view it full screen. All other tool bars except the SLD Components Draw and SLD Canvas Format toolbar are hidden. Click on the Full screen On/Off

icon in the SLD Canvas Format toolbar to toggle the Full Screen ON/OFF.

6.6 Pan

Click on the Pan icon . Press and hold on the left mouse button on the SLD canvas and move the whole network. You can toggle the status of Pan by clicking the same icon.

Ruler

Ruler units

(inch/cms)

toggle button

Figure 6.4 : Ruler



6.7 Search

The search capability allows you to search for any power system component ot text box in your

network. Click on the Find icon in your SLD toolbar (or press the shortcut key Ctrl+ F). Enter some text or device name you want to search. Select the relevant item from the list and click Ok. The control returns to the SLD screen and relevant device is selected. Clicking on Cancel will return the control back to the previous screen without searching for the device.

6.8 Device Properties on SLD

You can display the device properties of selected devices on the SLD canvas. To do so, click on the

Preferences->Configure Device Property Display.

Select and clear the relevant check boxes. You may take any one of the following actions:

Click Ok to apply the settings and return.

Click Reset to reset back to previous settings.

Click Cancel to return back without applying the settings.

Click SLD -> Electrical Properties on SLD (or use the shortcut key Ctrl +T). The device properties of

the selected devices are displayed on the SLD canvas.

Figure 6.5 : Search device

Figure 6.6 : SLD parameter visibility configuration



You can also use the Format tool to format the display settings.

6.9 Nominal Flow direction

The display of the nominal flow direction of the power in the network can be toggled by clicking on

SLD->Nominal Flow direction.

6.10 Export as Image

You can export the SLD as an JPEG image. Click on SLD->Export as Image and save the image.



7. Power System Network – Tabular View

The Tabular View is another way that you can view/modify your network. It is basically a spreadsheet- like view where the columns correspond to the properties of the device(s) while the rows correspond to the list of devices.

7.1 Open Tabular View

Tabular view will open as a tab. To open Tabular View, select View->Tabular. (or click on the Tabular view icon). Tabular View consists of various tabs. Each tab corresponds to each type of device. If any device is selected (in the SLD or any other view), the corresponding row (i.e. device) is also selected in the Tabular View and this is represented by a selection colour. (default: Blue)

7.2 Edit device- Tabular View

You can add/device(s) in your network in the Tabular View. But you cannot edit them in the Tabular

View. You can edit the device only in the Device Property View Panel. For this, double-click on any

row (device) in the Tabular View. The corresponding Device Property View panel will appear in the

right.

7.3 Add device - Tabular View

To add any device, click on the respective device symbol in the Components Draw toolbar. The device symbols same as given in the SLD Device symbols Table.

Active tab

Components Draw toolbar

Devices tabs Device Property Selected device

Figure 7.1 : Tabular view



7.4 Delete device - Tabular view

Select the device you want to delete in the tabular view and press Delete. You can also delete the

device by selecting it, and then clicking on the Delete icon. A confirmation box is displayed. If you select Yes, the device is deleted. If you select No, the device is not deleted.

7.5 Pop-Maximize-Close

You can popout/maximize/close the Tabular view by clicking on the respective icon.

Click on the Maximise/Popout icon again to toggle back. If you click Close icon, you have to open

the Tabular view as given in Open Tabular View.

Pop out

Maximize

Cancel

Figure 7.2 : Panel view options



8. Power System Network-Device Property View You can view/edit the properties of any device in the Device Property View Panel. To open this

panel, you can either click on the icon on the Application toolbar or select View->Electrical Properties. The Device properties pane will open on the right half of the screen. The pane will correspond the selected device.

8.1 Property Pane Features

Every property pane has many common features as given below.

Click on the icon pointing left to slide the Device Property Panel to the left to occupy maximum space. Click on the icon pointing right to dock the Property Panel to the right side of the screen (its default size). You can also slide the pane by hovering the mouse cursor on the vertical borders of the panel.

The cursor will change from pointer to . Now, press the left mouse button and drag the panel border to the left or right to resize it.

You can popout/maximize/close the Panel view by clicking on the respective icon.

Click on the Maximise / Popout icon again to toggle back. If you click Close icon, you have to open

the Property Panel View as given in Power System Network-Device Property View.

Pop out Maximize

Cancel

Panel Resize Left/Right buttons

Property Panel tabs

Accept

Cancel

Pop-out / Maximize / Close

Search and select bus-bars

Star marked fields are compulsory

Figure 8.1 : Property panel features




Information in the star-marked fields is mandatory. For example, when a bus-bar is created, its Name field will contain the name of the bus-bar which is a mandatory information since there cannot be a bus-bar without a unique name.

The properties of the device have been segreted into various tabs according to its property type. Click on the relevent tab in to property panel to access the information.

After updating any data for any field in any tab of the Property Panel, click on Accept , (or press

Enter key) to complete the data update request. If you click cancel , the data is reverted to previous value.


8.2 Device features

Following table gives more informations regarding the Busbar:

Table 8.1 : Bus bar properties

Data Field Units Default value

Mandatory Other constraints Description

Name N/A

Auto Generated

Yes Unique across

the entire network.

The name of the bus-bar

Status N/A In Service Yes N/A Status

Owner/Utility N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Figure 8.3 : Bus property panel




Mandatory Other constraints Description

Voltage Level

KV 400 KV Yes

V (Max) pu

V(Min) pu

Description N/A

Following table gives more informations regarding the Generator:

Table 8.2 : Generator properties


Mandatory Other constraints

Description

Name

N/A Auto

Generated Yes

Unique across the

entire network.

On Bus N/A

The Name of the Bus to which the generator is connected to.

Status N/A In Service Yes N/A

Owner/Utility N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Tab: General

Fuel Type N/A Hydro No

Figure 8.4 : Generator property panel





Description

P (Max) MW

Maximum Real Power generated

V (Rated) KV Rated voltage

Frequency Hz 50

Description

Tab: LFA

Generator Type

N/A

MW control

One generator in the network has to be Swing / Slack type. MW control: Real power control MVAR/PF control: Reactive power or Power Factor control

Rated MVA MVA

V(Spec) pu Voltage specified

P (Min) MW

Minimum generated Real power limit

P (sch) MW

Scheduled generated Real Power

Q (sch) MVAR

Scheduled generated Reactive Power

Tab: Capability Curve

Q (min) MVAR

-100 Generator Q Limit (Minimum Reactive Power limit)

Q (max) MVAR

+100 Generator Q Limit (Maximum Reactive Power limit)



Following table gives more information regarding the Transformer:

Table 8.3 : Transformer properties



Description

Name

Auto Generated

Yes

Unique across the entire network.

Name of the Transformer

Primary Bus

N/A

Yes

„Name‟ of the Bus to which one end of the Transformer is connected. Also called as „From bus‟

Secondary Bus

N/A

Yes

„Name‟ of the Bus to which the other end of the Transformer is connected. Also called as „To bus‟

Status In Service Yes N/A

Owner/Utility N/A No N/A N/A

General

Primary Voltage

kV Yes Primary (From bus) voltage

Secondary Voltage

kV Yes Secondary (To bus) voltage

Rating MVA Yes

Figure 8.5 : Transformer Property Panel





Description

Description No

R Pu

Yes Pi Equivalent approximated Series Resistance

X Pu

Yes. Pi Equivalent approximated Series Reactance. Its value should be more than zero.

Z Pu

Yes Pi Equivalent approximated Series Impedance. =R^2 +X^2

Min. Tap No unit

0.9 Ratio of the minimum number of taps to the taps at nominal value.

Max. Tap No unit

1.1 Ratio of the maximum number of taps to the taps at nominal value.

Tap Steps No unit

0.005 =(Vmax in pu-Vmin in pu)/number of taps

Current Tap No.

No unit 1

Load properties diagram is given below:

Figure 8.6 : Load Property Panel



The zip model of the load can be implemented using the “Load Modeling Parameters”. The parameters A0, A1 and A2 can be used for modeling the active power load and the parameters B0, B1 and B2 can be used for modeling the reactive power load.

A0 and B0 are parameters for a constant power model, i.e.

L

L

P = A0 . (P)

Q = B0 . (Q) (1)

A1 and B1 are parameters for a constant current model, i.e.

L

0

L

0

VP = A1 . (P . )

V

VQ = B1 . (Q . )

V

(2)

A2 and B2 are parameters for a constant impedance model, i.e.

2L

0

2L

0

VP = A2 . [ P . ( ) ]

V

VQ = B2 . [ Q . ( ) ]

V

(3)

In the equations (1) – (3) above, V0 is the nominal voltage (1.0 pu), PL and QL are the actual active and reactive power loads. P and Q are the specified loads as given in the dialog box of Figure 6. V is the actual voltage magnitude at the bus bar calculated from the LFA. So the overall load model (zip), when all the parameters are available, is given by equation (4).

2L

0 0

2L

0 0

V VP = P . [ A0 + A1 . ( ) + A2 . ( ) ]

V V

V VQ = Q . [ B0 + B1 . ( ) + B2 . ( ) ]

V V

(4)

Since 0

V

Vis a ratio, A0 + A1 + A2 = 1 and B0 + B1 + B2 = 1. In cases where the load modeling

parameters are not available, A0 and B0 are kept at 1 and the other parameters at zero.

Following table gives more informations regarding the Load:

Table 8.4 : Load properties



Description

Name

Auto

Generated Yes

Unique across the

entire network.

On Bus

„Name‟ of the Bus to which the load is connected


Owner/Utility N/A No N/A N/A

General

P MW Real Power load

Q MVAR Reactive Power load

Q Compensation

MVAR

Reactive compensation if present





Description

V Rated kV Rated voltage

Description

A0 Constant power model

A1 Constant current model

A2 Constant impedance model

B0 Constant power model

B1 Constant current model

B2 Constant impedance model

Following table gives more informations regarding the Transmission Line:

Table 8.5 : Transmission Line properties



Description

Name

Auto Generated

Yes


Figure 8.7 : Transmission Line Properties





Description

From Bus

„Name‟ of the Bus to which one end of the transmission line is connected

To Bus

„Name‟ of the Bus to which the other end of the transmission line is connected


Owner/Utility N/A N/A N/A N/A

General

Conductor Type

Default

Allows you to select a Conductor Type from an existing Conductor Library.

R pu/km

0 Equivalent Series Resistance of the line

X

pu/km

0 Yes

Value should be more than zero.

Equivalent Series Reactance of the line.

B pu/km

0 Equivalent Series Susceptance of the line

Thermal Rating

Ampere

V Rated kV Rated voltage

Length Km 0

Line MW Limit MW

Description

Susceptance from

pu/km

Shunt Susceptance (B) at the „From Bus‟ end

Susceptance to

pu/km

Shunt Susceptance (B) at the „To Bus‟ end

Capacitance pu/km

Equivalent series capacitance of the long line.

If you have a transmission line on the SLD canvas, double-click on it to open Device Property Panel.

Click on the icon next to Conductor Type field to open Conductor Library window. Select from the available list, and then click Ok. If you want to add a new Conductor Type to the Library. Please refer to Conductor Catalog.



Following table gives more informations regarding the Shunt Capacitor:

Table 8.6 : Shunt Capacitor properties



Description

Name

Auto Generated

Yes


On Bus

„Name‟ of the bus to which the Capacitor is connected to.



General

Rating MVAR

Yes Rated Reactive capacity of the device

R Pu

Xc Pu Yes

Vrated kV

Description

Figure 8.8 : Shunt Capacitor



Following table gives more informations regarding the Reactor:

Table 8.7 : Reactor properties



Description

Name

Auto Generated

Yes


On Bus

„Name‟ of the bus to which the Capacitor is connected to.



General

Rating MVAR

Yes Rated Reactive capacity of the device

R pu Yes

XL pu Yes

Vrated kV

Description

8.3 Conductor Library

Figure 8.9 : Shunt Reactor Properties



A catalog of commonly available Conductors with typical R (pu/km) and X (pu/km) values is in the Conductory Library. You can also add / edit new values or conductors.

To open Conductor catalog, click on Network, and then select Conductor Catalog. This will open the

Conductory Library window. Following table lists all the controls available Conductory Library

window:

Table 8.8 : Conductory Library window

Figure 8.10 : Updating Conductor Library

Figure 8.11 : Conductor Type Details

Figure 8.12 : View Conductor Library



Sr. No. /Column No.

Element Name Description /Instruction


2 Conductor Name Name of the Conductor

3 R (pu/km) Resistance of the conductor in per unit / kilometer.

4 X(pu/km) Reactance of the conductor in per unit / kilometer

5 B(pu/km) Susceptance of the conductor in per unit / kilometer.

6 Thermal Limit (Ampere)

Thermal / Current Rating in Ampere

Action:

1 <New> Creates a new Conductor type. Click to open Conductor Type Details window.

2 <Modify> Modifies properties of an existing Conductor. Select a conductor from the list and click on Modify to open Conductor Type Details.

3 <Delete> Deletes a Conductor type. A confirmation message Delete Conductor is displayed before each deletion. Clicking Yes, will delete the conductor, whereas clicking on No, will return back without deletion.

4 <Close> Closes this window.



9. Power System Network- Search Panel

Similar to the Find tool in SLD, Search Panel helps you to quickly find any device or text on the SLD

canvas. From the Application menus, click on View -> Search. The Search Panel will align itself at

the lower side your screen. Enter the search text in the light-orange coloured text input bar. Double-

click on the desired row in the result. The focus on the SLD canvas will shift on the selected device.

9.1 Panel Features

You can Popout / Maximize / Close the Panel view by clicking on the respective icon. Click on the

Maximise / Popout icon again to toggle back. If you click Close icon, you have to open the Search

Panel View as given in Power System Network- Search Panel.

Click on the icon pointing up to slide the Search Panel to occupy maximum space. Click on the icon

pointing down to dock the Search Panel to the lower side of the screen (its default size).

Select Exact match and/or Case sensitive check boxes to enable the filters in the search results.

Panel resize Up/down button


Enter text here




10. Power System Network- Bird’s Eye View panel

Bird’s Eye View Panel helps you to view your entire network and focus on the region of your interest

directly. From the Application menus, click on View -> Bird’s Eye View. The panel will open on the

right half of your screen. Similar to other panels, it has Pop-out and Close features. The yellow

coloured rectangular selection box encloses the region that you can currently view in your SLD

canvas. To zoom/focus on the region of your interest, you should draw a rectangular box enclosing it.

Inside the Bird’s Eye View Panel, left-click and drag on any part to draw the yellow rectangle and

release the mouse button. This will zoom the region enlosing the rectangle to the full view in the SLD

canvas.

Figure 10.1 : Bird’s View Panel



11. Power System Network-Validation Panel Before running any LFA, webDNA checks whether all the fields have valid values. A Validation Panel helps you to navigate to the problem to solve it. You can open the Validation Panel (or Validation

Console) by clicking on the icon on the Application toolbar ( Or by selecting View->Validation Console, to toggle the view.). Now, hover your mouse cursor above the upper horizontal border of the

panel till your cursor changes to . Press your left-mouse button and drag the panel up.

The following table gives more information on the Validation Panel:

Table 11.1 : Validation Panel



1 Device

Filters the list according to device type. Click on the drop down menu and select the device type. Then, click Filter button.

2 Source Filters the list according to sources (Load / Generator) type. Click on the drop down menu and select a type of source. Then, click Filter button.

3 Severity Filters the list according to severity (Warning / Fatal Error). Click on the drop down menu and select the severity type. Then, click Filter button.

4 Errors Counts number of errors.

5 Warnings Counts number of warnings.

Action:

Panel resize Up/down button

List of Warnings and errors

Filter menu


Figure 11.1 : Validation Panel





1 <Filter>

Click to apply the selected filter(s).

2 <Reset>

Click to reset to default. Shows all errors and warnings of all types.

1 <Reset> Resets the colours to webDNA default.

2 <Apply> Applies the settings to the immediate effect.

3 <Cancel> Cancels the settings which were not applied and closes the dialog box. The control returns to the previous screen.

11.1 Validation Console features

You can Popout / Maximize / Close the Panel view by clicking on the respective icon.

Click on the Maximise / Popout icon again to toggle back. If you click Close icon, you have to open

the Validation Panel View as given in Power System Network-Validation Panel.

Click on the icon pointing up to slide the Validation Panel to occupy maximum space. Click on the icon pointing down to dock the Validation Panel to the lower side of the screen (its default size).

11.2 Load Flow Specific Validations

The following table gives more information on Load Flow specific validations:

Table 11.2 : Load Flow Specific Validation List

Sr. No.

Validation Validation Type

Description

1 No. of islands: Error Load flow does not run for islanded system. Each island is shown with a unique colour in the SLD canvas.

Pop out Maximize

Closel

Figure 11.2 : Popout Maximize Close



Sr. No.

Validation Validation Type

Description

2 Voltage Levels inconsistent

Error This occurs when the voltage rating of the power system component does not match with the voltage levels of the connected bus-bar.

3 P should be greater than zero

Warning For any load, Real Power should be positive number

4 X should be more than zero

Error The reactance values of the components should be positive number.

5 Generation-Load mismatch of x%.

Warning It gives the total real power mismatch between total generation and total load. You can ignore this warning.

6

7

11.3 Network Islands

Load Flow cannot be performed when the network has islands. To show islands in the network, click on Network from the Application menus, and then select Display Islands. Every island on the SLD canvas is coloured with distinct colour.

Figure 11.3 : Network Islands



12. webLFA

12.1 Load Flow Configurations

On System main menu, click on Load Flow and select Configs.

The following table gives more information on Load Flow Engine Parameters dialog box:

Table 12.1 : Load Flow Specific Validation List

Sr. No. Element Name Description

1 Max. Iterations Sets the maximum number of iterations. Enter a positive numeral.

2 Tolerance Sets the Tolerance limit in per unit.

3 Algorithm Select the Algorithm from drop-down list. Currently only „Fast Decoupled Load Flow Algorithm‟ is available.

4 Base MVA Displays the Base MVA of the System. It was set when the System was created.

5 Enforce Gen Q Limit Selecting Yes radio button will enforce Generator Q Limits (Reactive power limits)

Actions:

1 Ok Updates the LFA configurations and closes the dialog box.

2 Cancel The changes are not accepted. Closes the dialog box.

Figure 12.1 : Load Flow Engine Parameters



12.2 Generation / Load Profile

Load Profile helps you to create various Generator and/or Load scenarios for the same system. It is used for “ what if… ? “ analysis when the topology of the power system network remains the same

while only the Generator and/or Load properties change. To open Profile, click on the Profile icon in the Applications toolbar or select Network -> Profile from the Application menus.

The following table gives more information on Load Profiles dialog box:

Table 12.2 : Load Profiles List

Sr. No. / Column

no.

Column Name / Element Name

Description


2 Profile Name of the Generation / Load scenario

3 Total Load (MW) Summation of the maximum total Real (Active) Load present in the system („In Service‟ Load as well as „Out of Service‟ Load)

4 Connected Load (MW) Summation of all the Real (Active) Load that is „In Service‟

5 Total Scheduled Generation (P)

Summation of the Scheduled Real (Active) generation of all „In service‟ generators.

Actions:

1 New Creates a new Load and/or Generation scenario for the System. Opens Profile Details window.

2 Edit Modifies the selected profile.

3 Delete Deletes the selected non-active profile. (Active profile cannot be deleted!)

Figure 12.2 : Profiles list



Sr. No. / Column

no.


Description

4 Save Saves the load profile accepting the changes, applies the selected load profile and closes the dialog box.

5 Cancel Closes the dialog box without accepting the changes.

The profile currently applied to the System is called „Active‟ profile and is highlighted with Faint Green colour. The selected profile is highlighted with Blue colour. For example, in the given Fig. Profiles list, „Default Load Scenario‟ is the Active Load profile that is applied to the current System and „Holiday Loading‟ profile is currently under selection.

The following table gives more information on creating new profile through Profiles Details dialog box:

Table 12.3 : Profile Details

Item No. / Column No.


Description

1 Profile Name Enter a new name for the Load profile

Tab: Load

Active Load:

1 Total Total Real (Active) Load in MW. It is the sum total of both the „In Service‟ and „Out of Service‟ Load.

2 Connected Sum of Real (Active) part of the Loads that is „In Service‟ in MW

Figure 12.3 : Profile Details





Description

3 Change You can increase or decrease all the Active Load by a

specified percentage value in . For example, if you enter 20 and click Apply, the Active part of all the Loads will be increased by 20% of their previous values. If you enter -20 and click Apply, the Active part of all the Loads will decreased by 20% of their previous values.

Action: Apply Click to apply the settings in Change.

Reactive Load:

1 Total Total Reactive Load in MVAR. It is the sum total of both the „In Service‟ and „Out of Service‟ Load.

2 Connected Sum of Reactive Load that is „In Service‟ in MVAR

3 Change You can increase or decrease all the Reactive Load by a

specified percentage value in .


Table of Load Details


2 Load „Name‟ of the Load in the System

3 Active Load (MW)

It contains value of the Active Load. You can edit the value for an individual load. Double-click on the cell containing the existing value and enter a new value. Then, press Enter key. For example, referring to the Fig. Editing Load details in Profile, if you want to edit the Active Load of Load-16, double-click on the cell containing value 1.6. Enter a new value and then press Enter key.

4 Reactive Load (MVAR)

It contains the value of the Reactive Load. You can edit the value for an individual load in the same way as that for Active Load. Double-click on the relevant cell under Reactive Load (MVAR) column to change its value.

5 Connected If the Load is „In Service‟, then it is connected and the value in the cell will be Yes. If the Load is „Out of Service‟, the value will be No.

Tab: Generator

Scheduled P:

1 Total Total Scheduled Active Generation in MW. It is the sum total of Active Generation of both the „In Service‟ and „Out of Service‟ Generators.





Description

2 Connected Sum of Active part of the Generators that is „In Service‟ in MW

3 Change You can increase or decrease all the Scheduled Active

Generation by a specified percentage value in .


Scheduled Q :

1 Total Total Scheduled Reactive Generation in MVAR. It is the sum total of Reactive Generation of both the „In Service‟ and „Out of Service‟ Generation.

2 Connected Sum of Scheduled Reactive Generation that is „In Service‟ in MVAR

3 Change You can increase or decrease all the Scheduled Reactive

Generation by a specified percentage value in .


Table of Generator Details


2 Generator „Name‟ of the Generator in the System

3 Psch (MW) It contains value of the Scheduled Active Generation. You can edit the value for an individual generator in the same way as that for Active Load.

4 Qsch (MVAR) It contains the value of the Scheduled Reactive generation. You can edit the value for an individual generator in the same way as that for Active Load. Double-click on the relevant cell under Qsch (MVAR) column to change its value.

5 Connected If the Generator is „In Service‟, then it is connected and the value in the cell will be Yes. If the Generator is „Out of Service‟, the value will be No.

Actions:

1 Import You can import any existing Profile data from an Excel®

sheet provided it is in the webDNA format. (Currently, this feature has been disabled.)

2 Export You can export any existing Profile data in the form of an Excel

® sheet for an offline analysis.

3 Apply To apply the all the changes made in this dialog box, click on Apply. It closes the window and returns back to the Profiles list window.





Description

4 Cancel It closes the window, without accepting any changes that have been made.

12.3 Executing Load Flow (webLFA)

Prior to running the Load flow, save the system, validate your data and check your load-flow configuration. „webLFA‟ - Load flow will not run if there are Fatal Errors in the Validations Panel. To run the load flow you can use any one of the following methods:

Click on icon in the Application toolbar.

Select Load Flow -> Execute LFA from the Application menus.

Press short-cut key Ctrl+1.

Before running, the system will confirm whether you want to run the system even when warnings do exist. Click Yes, to run the load flow. Or click No, to cancel and return.

Figure 12.4 : Editing Load details in Profile

Figure 12.5 : Confirmation dialog box before executing load flow



13. Load Flow Results Load flow results in Tabular View are automatically displayed whenever you execute Load Flow. If the Load flow for the System has been executed at least once, you can also view the LFA results. We present the Load Flow results in three Views:

1. Tabular View

2. Panel View

3. SLD View

In the Application menus, click on Load Flow, and then move your cursor over LFA Results. Select the appropriate View from the list.

13.1 Load Flow Results-Violation

The Load Flow results will either converge or not converge. If they are not converged, the violation report will not be availabe. If they are converged and there are violations, the violation report will be available. Violation report contains information on power system components where the set limits were crossed. For example, if the load flow solution contains values which cross the bus-bar voltage limits or thermal limits or Generation Q limits etc., it will be highlighted in the violation report.

In the Application menus, click on Load Flow, and then move your cursor over LFA Results. Fron the list that appears, Violation. You can open this report form Tabular View-Results also, by clicking

on the icon.

Figure 13.1 : Load Flow results menu



Figure 13.2 : Violation report

Figure 13.3 : Violation report-Transformer



The Violation reports have following colour codes according the the severity of the violation.

Table 13.1 : Violation report dialog box

Item No. Element Description

1 View Shifts the focus to the selected component on the SLD canvas. The violation report window turns inactive.

2 Export to Excel File

Exports the violation report to the Excel

® file. Opens

the Save as dialog box. Navigate to the desired location and click Save.

3 Close Closes this dialog box.

The Violation have following colour codes according the the severity of the violation.

Table 13.2 : LFA Results-Tabular View

Item No.

Severity Colour Violation % range

1 Low 0 to 10

2 Moderate 10 to 20

3 High 20 to 50

4 Extreme 50 to 100

Figure 13.4 : Violation report- Transformer



13.2 Load Flow Results

Load flow results in Tabular View are automatically displayed whenever you execute Load Flow.

The following table gives more information about LFA Results-Tabular View dialog box:

Table 13.3 : LFA Results-Tabular View

Item No. Icon Description

1

Click on the icon to export the LFA Results to Excel® sheet

for offline analysis.

2

Opens Load Flow Configuration.

3

Opens Load Flow Violations.

4

Focus icon is disabled when the Results- Summary tab is active. Focus icon is enabled when one of the devices tab is active with any one of the devices selected. On clicking this icon, the focus shifts to the selected device on SLD canvas. To view the LFA-Results window, minimize the SLD Application window.

5

Closes the Tabular View

The following table gives more information on the Summary tab in the Tabular Results:

Table 13.4 : Profile Details

Item No. Element Name Description

1 Algorithm Name of the algorithm used to find the solution. Currently, only Fast Decoupled Load Flow algorithm is available

2 Convergence Value is „True‟, if the solution has converged. Value is „False‟ if the value has not converged.

3 Iterations No. of iterations used to arrive at the solution.

Results menu

Device tabs

Result details

Figure 13.5 : LFA Results Tabular View



Item No. Element Name Description

4 Total Generation

Shows the total Active Generation in the power system network.

5 Total Load Sum total of all the Real Load in the system

6 Total Loss in the system

Total Generation-Total Loss

7 Maximum mismatch

8 Maximum P mismatch

9 Maximum P mismatch bus

The name of the bus-bar on which Maximum P mismatch occurs.

10 Maximum Q Mismatch

11 Maximum Q Mismatch bus

The name of the bus-bar on which Maximum Q mismatch occurs.

12 Slack bus injection (MW)

13 Slack bus injection (MVAR)

13.3 Load Flow Results-Bus

Figure 13.6 : LFA Tabular Results-Bus



13.4 Load Flow Results-Generator

Figure 13.8 : LFA Property Panel and SLD Results-Bus

Figure 13.9 : LFA Tabular results - Generator

Figure 13.10 : LFA Property Panel and SLD Results-Generator



13.5 Load Flow Results-Transformer

13.6 Load Flow Results-Transmission Line

Figure 13.11 : LFA Tabular Results-Transformer

Figure 13.12 : LFA Property Panel and SLD Results-Transformer



13.7 Load Flow Results-Loads

Figure 13.13 : LFA Tabular Results-Transmission Line

Figure 13.14 : LFA Property Panel and SLD Results-Transmission Line



Figure 13.16 : LFA Property Panel and SLD Results-Load

Figure 13.15 : LFA Tabular Results-Load



13.8 Load Flow Results-Reactors

13.9 Load Flow Results-Capacitors

Figure 13.18 : LFA Property Panel and SLD Results-Shunt Reactor

Figure 13.17 : LFA Tabular Results-Shunt Reactor

Figure 13.19 : LFA Tabular Results-Shunt Capacitor



13.10 Using the Interface

This section introduces you to the screen elements (workspace, navigation menu and common icons

and buttons) you can use to interact with the Application Name and perform various tasks and

operations.

You can use menus and toolbars to access the XYZ functionality.

A menu displays a list of commands. Some of the commands have images next to them so you can quickly associate the command with the image. Most menus are located on the menu bar at the top of the application window. Shortcut menus are available when you right-click text, objects, or other items.

Table 13.5: Menus and commands

Menu Name Allows you to…

<Facility> <Manage (add and modify) credit limit for a customer.>

<Collateral> <Manage (add and modify) collaterals for a facility.>

A toolbar contains buttons with images (the same images you see next to corresponding menu commands), menus, or a combination of both.

Table 13.6: About the toolbar

Icon Icon Name Description

<Add> <Adds a record>

<Browse for Files> <Browse for files from your computer>

<Open Calendar> <Opens a calendar>

To facilitate the speedy execution of standard functions, certain special key operations have been defined. These operations can be carried out by pressing the appropriate shortcut keys.

You can view all the keys by pressing F11 or by clicking Help - > Keyboard Assist. The table will open in the lower right corner of the screen. You can press Esc to close it.

Figure 13.20 : LFA Property Panel and SLD Results-Shunt Capacitor



13.11 Logging Out

To log out from Application Name:

In the Application Name main page, click Logout. The XYZ application Login page appears.

Figure 13.21 : Keyboard Assist



14. Maintaining User Profiles This chapter explains how to manage user details in XYZ. This involves creating and modifying users, managing their current status, and controlling access rights for different user roles.

It describes how to:

Maintain user details

Manage access rights

14.1 <Maintaining User Details>

You can add, modify and delete users at the Master Project level, depending on your permission rights. A customer ID, email address, and employee number will be assigned to each user. The initial list of users will be imported from the HR system. These users can be added at the Corporate, Global Business Unit (GBU) or Master Project level in the application. All users will log in to the application using their Windows NT/ Windows 2000 username.

The User Management module enables you to:

Add Users: You need to create users in the application to enable them to access it.

Search a User: You can search for details of existing users.

Edit User Details: You can edit details of existing users.

Change User Status: You can manage the current status of users (active/inactive).

After you create a user account, you can allow the user to connect to insurance sites and applications. The user can then configure delegated features in those sites and applications.

Prerequisites

To maintain user details, you should have:

XYZ installed on your computer

Necessary access rights.

To add users:

5. On the XYZ main page, click the Maintain Users option from the User Management menu.

The Maintain Users page appears.

6. Click Add.

The fields in the lower half of the screen are enabled.

7. Enter the customer ID, employee number, first name and last name of the user.

8. Click Save to save the user details.



Table 14.1: Field reference table

Field Name Description

<Product Code>

<Customers are given certain facilities through various schemes of the bank. These schemes are categorised into three-digit product codes. This is a mandatory field. You can type up to seven alphanumeric characters.>

<CR ID> <The unique identifier for a customer. This is a mandatory field and can have upto 8 alphanumeric characters. Example FORC0192>

<Short Address> <The short address of the customer. The XYZ application displays this field when you specify the CR ID.>

<Minor A/C> <Account of a person who is below 18 years of age. Valid values are Y and N. Default value for this field is N. If the account holder is a minor, you must give the name of the guardian.>

Document Title

Confidential 1

<Appendix>

Heading 2

Heading 2

Heading 3

Heading 3

<Appendix>

Insert text here. Insert text here. Insert text here. Insert text here. Insert text here. Insert text here.

Insert text here. Insert text here.

Heading 2

Heading 2

Heading 3

Heading 3

Glossary

A Analysis Modeler A role responsible for creation of analysis models of the various application components

Application Administrator A role responsible for administration of users, components, servers, and assigning the roles and the components to the users.

…… …… ……

B Build Server A server used for building and unit testing the component code

This is a logical server.

…… …… ……

L Logical Server A directory or folder that has the software identified by the name of the server

One or more logical servers can reside on a single physical machine

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