Webb Chap04
-
Upload
ghailee-cruz -
Category
Documents
-
view
237 -
download
0
Transcript of Webb Chap04
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
1/37
1
Foundations of
American Education, Fifth EditionL. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
2/37
2
Chapter 4
The Impact of Educational
Theories on Educational Practice
PowerPoint Presentation
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
3/37
3
What is a Theory?
A theory is a hypothesis
(or set of hypotheses)
that is verified by
observation or experimentation.
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
4/37
4
What is a Theory of Education?
A theory of education is
a composite of systematic thinking about:
schoolingthe nature of the learner
curriculum
instructional methods
classroom managementassessments
the role of the teacher
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
5/37
5
Theories of Education
perennialism
progressivism behaviorism
essentialism
social reconstructionism
postmodernism
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
6/37
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
7/37
7
Perennialism
The Purpose of Schooling
to teach eternal truths
to cultivate the rational intellect to develop a spiritual nature
to prepare
The Nature of the Learner Students are rational beings of value and worth.
They have an intellect and a soul.
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
8/37
8
Perennialism (continued) Curriculum
- Christian doctrine
- Great Books and the liberal arts
- character training and moral development
Instructional Methods didactic instruction
coaching
Socratic Method
Classroom Management train the will
time on task
precision and order
orderliness and structure
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
9/37
9
Perennialism (continued) Assessment
objective exams and essay exams
The Teacher educated in the liberal arts
an authority figure; disseminator of the truth
a director of mental calisthenics
an intellectual coach
Leading educational proponents
Jacques MaritainRobert Hutchins
Mortimer Adler
Allan Bloom
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
10/37
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
11/37
11
Progressivism
The Purpose of Schooling to focus on a democratic society
to encourage cooperation
to develop problem-solving and decision-making skills
The Nature of the Learner Students learn by doing.
They can set their own objectives for learning.
They can work together to solve problems. They can make classroom rules.
They are able to test and evaluate ideas.
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
12/37
12
Progressivism (continued)
Curriculum
experience-centered
child-centered
growth-centered
Instructional Methods
cooperative group activities
project method scientific method
problem solving
decision making
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
13/37
13
Progressivism (continued)
Classroom Management
democratic
participatory
self-directed
Assessment
formative evaluation
ongoing feedback
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
14/37
14
Progressivism (continued)
The Teacher a facilitator and guide
a director of learning
a collaborative partner
Leading educational proponentsPestalozzi
Rousseau
Francis W. Parker
John DeweyElla Flagg Young
William H. Kilpatrick
Theodore Sizer
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
15/37
15
Behaviorism Is About Protest
Behaviorism protests
against importance
placed on
mental processes that cannot be observed,
such as thinking and motivation.
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
16/37
16
Behaviorism
The Purpose of Schooling
to increase appropriate behaviors
to decrease inappropriate behaviors
to teach new behaviors
The Nature of the Learner
Students are capable of learning new behaviorand of changing behavior.
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
17/37
17
Behaviorism (continued)
Curriculum
cognitive problem solving
critical-thinking skills
Instructional Methods reinforcement
programmed instruction
computer-assisted instruction
problem solving anger control
self-instruction and self-reinforcement
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
18/37
18
Behaviorism (continued)
Classroom Management
identify expected behavior
establish procedures and routines monitor/observe
use rewards and penalties
Assessment
behavioral objectives
performance contracting
self-assessment
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
19/37
19
Behaviorism (continued)
The Teacher
behavioral engineer
controller of behavior
arranger of contingencies
Leading educational proponents
Pavlov
WatsonThorndike
Skinner
Premack
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
20/37
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
21/37
21
Essentialism
The Purpose of Schooling
to train the intellect
to teach culture and traditions
to teach knowledge and skills
The Nature of the Learner
Students can become culturally literate
and develop disciplined minds.
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
22/37
22
Essentialism (continued)
Curriculum
Back to Basics
instruction in the essentials moral development and character training
Instructional Methods
lecture
recitation
discussion
Socratic dialogue
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
23/37
23
Essentialism (continued)
Classroom Management
character training
discipline
clear expectations
respect for others
Assessment
IQ tests standardized achievement tests
diagnostic tests
performance-based competency tests
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
24/37
24
Essentialism (continued) The Teacher
intellectual, trained in the liberal arts, sciences, or humanities
skilled communicator
Leading educational proponents
William C. Bagley
Arthur E. Bestor
Admiral Hyman G. Rickover
E.D. Hirsch, Jr.
William BennettChester Finn
Diane Ravitch
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
25/37
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
26/37
26
Social Reconstructionism
The Purpose of Schooling
to become agents of change
The Nature of the Learner
The student is capable of initiating and adapting
to change, and thus is a critical agent in social
change.
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
27/37
27
Social Reconstructionism (continued)
Curriculum
democratic
critical theory
critical literacy
societal problems and global issues
hidden curriculum
Instructional Methods problem solving
critical thinking
planning for change
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
28/37
28
Social Reconstructionism (continued)
Classroom Management
conflict resolution
community building
Assessment
formative evaluation
ongoing feedback
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
29/37
29
Social Reconstructionism (continued)
The Teacher
agent of change; shaper of a new society
transformational leader
Leading educational proponents
Karl Marx
George S. Counts
Theodore BrameldHarold Rugg
Ivan Illich
Paulo Freire
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
30/37
30
Postmodernism Is About Protest
Postmodernism protests against
disequity between
the dominant culture and
the disenfranchised, disadvantaged, or
marginal groups in society.
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
31/37
31
Postmodernism
The Purpose of Schooling
to develop critical literacy
to question scientific realism
to question objectivity, truth, and rationality
The Nature of the Learner
The student can develop an awareness andunderstanding of disequity and injustice in
society.
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
32/37
32
Postmodernism (continued)
Curriculum
critical literacy
suffering and injustice
cultural politics; challenge unequal power
hidden curriculum
Instructional Methods
constructivism
question, critique, and examine
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
33/37
33
Postmodernism (continued)
Classroom Management
nonthreatening, supportive
open to discussing controversial subjects
encourages self-discipline
Assessment
authentic assessment
self-evaluation
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
34/37
34
Postmodernism (continued)
The Teacher
scholar-practitioner leader
critical thinker
agent of change
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
35/37
35
Postmodernism (continued)
Leading early educational proponentsKarl Marx
Theodor AdornoMax Horkheimer
Herbert Marcuse
Jurgen Habermas
Eric Fromm
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
36/37
36
Postmodernism (continued)
Leading modern educational proponentsMichael Apple
Jacques DerridaMichel Foucault
Henry Giroux
Jean-Francois Lyotard
Richard Rorty
L. Dean Webb, Arlene Metha, & K. Forbis Jordan. Foundations ofAmerican Education, 5e. Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc.
-
8/2/2019 Webb Chap04
37/37
37
Identifying Your Philosophy of
Education Educational philosophies and
educational theories change.
Most educators are eclectic.
It is important to develop and
articulate a philosophy of education.
L Dean Webb Arlene Metha & K Forbis Jordan Foundations of