Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________

Evolution Unit Instructions A message to students and parents:Students are not required to believe the theory of evolution. However, students must understand the process of and describe the evidence supporting evolution, as it is a current scientific theory describing changes in the Earth’s history.

Life Science Textbook: Chapter 4, and parts of Chapter 12 o Topic : Evolutiono Directions : See website HW calendars DAILY. You will use the textbook on most

days. On others you will be given a different assignment or task. CHECK website!

o Do only the assigned task listed on HW calendar. Do not go ahead. CHECK website!

o Skip and mark questions that you don’t understand so you can ask during Zoom or through email.

o The answer key is provided at the end of the packet. Only use the answer key after reading the lesson and completing the packet page.

BrainPop Video Resources- There are 10 required BrainPop videos included in assignment chart below.

o Watch the videos and take the quizzes. o Record your answers on the provided sheet. o Correct your quiz when done.o ONLY Email BrainPop quizzes when stated on HW calendar. CHECK website!o USE the “Email Results” feature on BrainPop. o Click on “Email Results” after the last question on the quiz.

Stated Clearly Video Resources- https://www.statedclearly.com/o There are 4 REQUIRED Stated Clearly Videos (These are included on the attached assignment

chart). *What is evolution?

*What is natural selection? *What is a fossil? *What is evidence for evolution?

o These OPTIONAL videos will enhance your understanding. (These are NOT listed on HW Calendar).

*How does cooperation evolve? *Can science explain the theory of life? *Does the theory of evolution really matter? *Did dinosaurs live alongside humans? *Soft tissue found inside dinosaur bones

Questions? elise_connor@pittsford.monroe.edu john_sacchitella@pittsford.monroe.edu kathleen_winn@pittsford.monroe.edu

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Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________

How to complete this packet.

Three options to complete this work.1- Directly on printed page.

With parent permission, print out this entire packet. (packet is 21 pages)Then write your answers directly on the sheets.

2- Directly on computer Don’t use PDF, use the word document and work directly on computer.

Be careful as you add answers. The page will change as you do this.

3- On paper Write answer in a notebook as shown below.If you are unable to print, just write your answers in a notebook or on

paper. Be sure to have a detailed heading for every page section.See ANSWERS ON PAPER EXAMPLE BELOW

ANSWERS ON PAPER EXAMPLE 4-1 page 8 section 1

1) Dog2) Cat

4-1 page 8 section 21) A2) B

4-1 page 8 skillsI like dogs better than cats because… bla bla bla

…………………………………………………………………

BrainPop AssignmentYou are to watch 10 BrainPop videos.

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Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________

After each video is completed, take the quiz that follows.Record your answers on the next page.

Mark any incorrect answers in a different color.Mark your quiz score at the bottom of the page.

There are quizzes that we are asking for emailed results.

Each video is just a few minutes long.Watch to LEARN not to just get it done.

User Name = barkermiddlePassword = PMS

LEARNING is key. Pause the video. Rewind the video. Watch video twice before taking quiz.

Do what you must to learn and understand the information.

Please view these videos ONLY on the assigned day as stated on HW calendar.

The required videos are:1. Camouflage2. Genetic Mutations3. Fossils4. Extinction5. Carbon Dating

6. Charles Darwin7. Natural Selection8. Human Evolution9. Scopes Monkey Trial

10. Geologic Time

Brain Pop Quiz Answer Sheet

Genetic Mutations

Camouflage

Extinction Fossils Carbon Dating

1. 1. For this video, don’t record youranswers here.

1. 1.2. 2. 2. 2.3. 3. 3. 3.4. 4. 4. 4.5. 5. 5. 5.

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Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________

Instead, email the results to me upon quiz completion.***After quiz is complete, select “EMAIL RESULTS” to send via email.

6. 6. 6. 6.7. 7. 7. 7.8. 8. 8. 8.9. 9. 9. 9.10. 10. 10. 10.

Score = /10

Score= /10

Score= /10

Score= /10

Score= /10

Natural Selection

Charles Darwin

Human Evolution

Scopes Monkey

Trial

Geological Time

For this video, don’t record youranswers here.

Instead, email the results to me upon quiz completion.***After quiz is complete, select “EMAIL RESULTS” to send via email.

1. 1. 1. For this video, don’t record youranswers here.

Instead, email the results to me upon quiz completion.***After quiz is complete, select “EMAIL RESULTS” to send via email.

2. 2. 2.3. 3. 3.4. 4. 4.5. 5. 5.6. 6. 6.7. 7. 7.8. 8. 8.9. 9. 9.10. 10. 10.

Score = /10

Score= /10

Score= /10

Score= /10

Score= /10

12-4 How do living things interact?Lesson ReviewSkills: researching, using resourcesCircle the term that best completes each statement.1. Resources in an ecosystem are (abundant / limited).

2. (Predation / Competition) is the struggle among organisms for resources in an ecosystem.

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Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________

3. In competition, animals that are better adapted to conditions in the habitat are (more / less) likely to survive and reproduce.

4. Competition among plants is (less / more) active than competition among animals.

5. A relationship in which an organism kills and eats another organism is called (competition / predation).

6. An organism that kills and eats another organism is called (a predator / prey).

7. (Symbiosis / Competition) is a close relationship between two organisms from different species that may help or harm one of the organisms.

8. Prey species (can / cannot) benefit from predation.

9. Predators are (less / more) likely to catch, kill, and eat weak or unhealthy animals than strong, healthy ones.

10. An organism that is killed and eaten by another organism is called (a predator / prey).

Skill ChallengeSkills: applying concepts, inferringExplain how each of the following interactions can help a species to maintain a strong, healthy population. You may use reference materials if necessary.

Interaction How the Interaction Helps Species

Competition

Predation

Symbiosis

12-6 What are adaptations?Lesson ReviewComplete the following.1. What is an adaptation? _________________________________________________________________

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_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Why is your thumb considered an adaptation? __________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

3. How is blubber an adaptation of a whale? ______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

4. How are thick, leathery stems and spines adaptations of a cactus? _____________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

5. What is camouflage? ___________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

6. What is protective covering? ___________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

7. What is warning coloration? ____________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

8. What is mimicry? _______________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Skill ChallengeSkills: applying definitions, classifyingComplete the table below by finding three examples of each kind of adaptation. You may use reference materials if necessary.

EXAMPLES OF ADAPTATIONSAdaptation Examples

1. Camouflage

2. Protective

covering

3. Warning

coloration

4. Mimicry

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Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________

4-1 What is evolution?Lesson ReviewWrite true if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the underlined term to make the statement true.

____________________ 1. Many scientists believe that new species develop from older species as a result of adaptation.

____________________ 2. A change in a gene is called a mutation.

____________________ 3. A trait of an organism that helps it survive in its environment is called an evolution.

____________________ 4. The process by which organisms change throughout time is called evolution.

____________________ 5. A group of organisms that look alike and can reproduce among themselves are a species.

____________________ 6. If a mutation is helpful to an organism, it may die out before passing the

trait on.

Skill ChallengeSkills: analyzing, relating conceptsStudy the diagrams shown below. On the lines provided, explain what features the cactus and the hawk have that allow it to survive in its environment.

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

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Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________

4-2 What are fossils?Lesson ReviewWrite the term that best completes each sentence in the space provided.

1. Species of organisms that are no longer found living are ______________________________.

2. The remains or traces of once-living organisms are ____________________________________.

3. Most fossils are found in layers of ________________________________________________ rock.

4. An elephant-like animal called a __________________________ has been found frozen in ice.

5. Insects are often preserved in hardened tree sap called _______________________________.

6. When an organism is buried in rock, it decays and leaves a cavity called a _____________.

7. When a mold fills with sand or mud and then hardens, a _____________________ is formed.

8. Sediments are slowly changed to rock as _______________ forces the sediments together.

Skill ChallengeSkills: identifying, relating conceptsAnswer the questions about the drawings shown.

Figure 1 Figure 2

1. What organism is shown in Figure 1? __________________________________________________

2. In what way is the organism in Figure 1 most likely to be preserved? __________________

3. Is the organism in Figure 1 an example of a living or an extinct species? _______________

4. What organism is shown in Figure 2? __________________________________________________

5. How is the organism in Figure 2 most likely to be preserved? __________________________

6. Is the organism in Figure 2 an example of a living species or an extinct species? _______

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Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________

Kinds of FossilsEnrichment Activity for Lesson 4-2Skills: comparing, relatingPART A Read the passage. Then, answer the questions that follow.

Molds and CastsFossils often form when silt or mud covers an organism or part of an

organism. The silt or mud hardens before the organism decays. As the organism decays, a fossil remains. A fossil mold is formed if a cavity is left in rock that has the shape of the organism. A fossil cast forms if sediment fills the mold and then hardens.

1. What is a fossil mold? __________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is a fossil cast? ___________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Is it possible for a fossil cast to form without a fossil mold? Why or why not? ___________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

PART B Identify the fossils below as either a fossil mold or a fossil cast.

1. _______________________________________ 2. _______________________________________

4-3 What evidence supports evolution?9

Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________

Lesson ReviewComplete the following.1. What does fossil evidence show about Earth’s climate? _________________________________

2. For what animal is the most complete fossil record available? __________________________

3. Describe how the horse has evolved. ___________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

4. What are homologous structures? ______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Name three homologous structures. ____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

6. What are vestigial structures? __________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

7. How do scientists know that dogs and bears are closely related? _______________________

Skill ChallengeSkills: sequencing, generalizingPlace the diagrams of horse evolution below in the correct order by writing the letter A (earliest horse) through D (most recent horse) in the spaces provided. Then, answer the question.

______ 1. ______ 2. ______ 3. ______ 4.

5. What generalization can you make about how horses have changed through time? _____

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Radioactive DatingEnrichment Activity for Lesson 4-3Skills: relating, calculating

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Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________

PART A Read the passage. Then, answer the questions that follow.

Radioactive DatingIn the 1940s, scientists discovered that radioactive elements can be used to

find out how long ago a fossil organism lived. This method is called radioactive dating. The actual age of a fossil can be identified using it. Radioactive elements give off particles and energy as they decay. They decay at a fixed rate that can be measured. Scientists measure the rate of radioactive decay in a unit called a half-life. A half-life is the amount of time needed for one-half of the radioactive element to decay. By measuring the amount of a particular radioactive element in a fossil, the number of half-lives of the element is found. This is used to calculate the actual age of the fossil.

1. What is radioactive dating? ____________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is a half-life? _____________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

OPTIONAL OPTIONAL OPTIONAL OPTIONAL OPTIONAL OPTIONALPART B The table below lists the half-lives of certain radioactive elements. Use the table to answer the questions that follow.

HALF-LIVESRadioactive Element Half-life

Rubidium–87 50 billion years

Uranium–238 4.5 billion years

Potassium–40 1.3 billion years

Carbon–14 5,770 years

1. What is the half-life of uranium–238? ___________________________________________________

2. Suppose a fossil contained one-half as much carbon–14 as when the organism first formed. How old is the fossil? ___________________________________________________________________

3. Suppose a rock contained one-fourth as much potassium–40 as when it first formed. How old is the rock? ____________________________________________________________________________

4. If 10 g of uranium–238 are present now, how much will be left in 4.5 billion years? How much in 9 billion years? ______________________________________________________________________

5. If 40 g of rubidium–87 are present now, how much will be left in 100 billion years? ____

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Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________

4-4 What is natural selection?

Lesson Review PART A Answer the following questions.1. Who was Jean Baptiste de Lamark?_____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What was Jean Baptiste de Lamark’s theory about evolution?___________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

PART B The main ideas of Darwin’s theory of natural selection are listed below. Explain what is meant by each of these ideas.1. Overproduction: ______________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Struggle for Existence: ______________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Variation: _____________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Survival of the Fittest: _______________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Evolution of New Species: ___________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

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Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________

Skill Challenge Skills: applying concepts, analyzingStudy the diagrams below. Identify how the diagrams relate to Darwin’s ideas about natural selection.

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

4-5 How does the environment affect natural selection?

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Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________

Lesson Review. Write true if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the underlined term to make the statement true.

____________________ 1. All organisms must have a living space that provides food, water, and shelter.

____________________ 2. Tigers that are slower and weaker are more likely to catch deer and survive.

____________________ 3. Human activities cannot produce great changes in the living spaces of other organisms.

____________________ 4. Extinction is an example of how harmful materials from factories and cars pollute the air, water, and land.

____________________ 5. After laws were passed in England to reduce air pollution, the number of gray peppered moths rose.

____________________ 6. Extinction is the disappearance of all members of a species.

____________________ 7. The giant panda and the grizzly bear are both examples of extinct species.

Skill ChallengeSkills: identifying, relating conceptsAnswer the questions about the drawings shown below.

Gray moth Black moth

1. Which of these moths would be more likely to survive before the Industrial Revolution? _____

_______________

2. Which of these moths would be more likely to survive during the Industrial Revolution? _____

_______________

3. Which of these moths would be more likely to survive after the 1970s? _________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

4-6 How have humans changed over time?Lesson Review. Answer the following.1. What does Homo sapien mean? ________________________________________________________

2. What is anthropology? _________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

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Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________

3. About how old is the humanlike skeleton that Donald Johanson found and named Lucy?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

4. About how tall was Lucy? ______________________________________________________________

5. List two ways that humans have changed through time. ________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Name two types of early humans. ______________________________________________________

7. In what ways were Cro-Magnons more like homo sapiens than the Neanderthals?______

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

8. What kind of fossil evidence lead scientists to say that later humanlike species lived in caves, used fire, and made tools?_____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Skill Challenge. Skills: analyzing, applying concepts, sequencingStudy the human skulls shown below. Then, use what you learned about how humans have changed through time to place the skulls in order from earliest (A) to most recent (C). Write the correct letter in the space provided.

_____ 1. _____ 2. _____ 3.

4. Explain why you placed the skulls in the sequence you did. ____________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

THE Big IDEA Integrating Earth Science

Chapter 4 What is geologic time?Lesson ReviewMatch each term in Column B with its description in Column A. Write the correct letter in the space provided.

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Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________

Column A__________ 1. record of Earth’s history based upon the types of

organisms that lived at different times

__________ 2. large division of geologic time

__________ 3. age of something compared to the age of something else

__________ 4. periods are divided into

__________ 5. kind of rock in which fossils form

__________ 6. eras are divided into these

Column Ba. era

b. relative age

c. epoch

d. period

e. sedimentary

f. geologic time scale

Skill ChallengeSkills: analyzing, inferring, synthesizingComplete the following.

1. What does the clock on page 113 of your text tell you about geologic time? ____________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Why do you think coal is called a fossil fuel? ___________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

3. If you were a geologist far in the future, what ancient artifacts might you find from our time period? What might these objects tell you about life today? _______________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Chapter 4 Key Term ReviewUse the clues to complete the crossword puzzle.

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Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________

CluesAcross

2. science that deals with the study of human beings

3. hardened tree sap

4. differences in traits among individuals of a species

7. body structure that seems to have no function

8. remain or trace of a once-living organism

. process by which organisms change over time

Down

1. body parts that have the same basic structure

2. trait that helps an organism survive in its environment

5. survival of offspring that have favorable traits (two words)

6. a sudden change in a gene

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Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________

Study.The chapter test is next.See HW Calendar for test date.The test is also attached on HW Calendar. Don’t use notes or answer key while taking the test.Take the test as you would if in school.

The Unit Test will be attached to HW Calendar

Take the test in one sitting on assigned day.

The test is your science for the day.

CorrectingUse a different color to correct your test using the key that will be attached to the HW Calendar.

OR

A better option Correcting If possible, have someone else correct your test. They should ONLY mark in color those answers that are incorrect. Then use your notes and textbook to correct any answer you missed.

PACKET ANSWER KEY18

Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________

12-4 How do living things interact?Lesson Review 1. limited 2. Competition 3. more 4. less 5. predation 6. a predator 7. Symbiosis 8. can 9. more 10. preySkill ChallengeCompetition: Animals that are better adapted to conditions in the habitat are more likely to survive and reproduce. Predation: Predators are more likely to catch, kill, and eat weak or unhealthy animals, leaving the strongest members of the prey population to reproduce and pass on their traits to their offspring. Symbiosis: Possible answer: Organisms may help each other remain strong.

12-6 What are adaptations?Lesson Review 1. trait of a living thing that helps it survive in its environment 2. It allows us to do many things that help us to survive in our environment. 3. Blubber allows whales to live in very cold environments. 4. The stem stores water, and the spines keep the cactus from losing too much water. 5. an adaptation that makes an organism look like its environment so that predators or prey cannot see it 6. an adaptation that guards organisms against predators 7. an adaptation that animals use to warn other animals not to eat them using color. 8. an adaptation that makes an animal look like another more dangerous animal. Skill ChallengePossible answers: 1. coloration of cheetah, stripes on zebra, katydid changes 2. cactus needles, porcupine quills, whale blubber 3. bright colors on some wasps, frogs, and butterflies 4. pattern on viceroy butterfly, moth resembling a wasp, fly resembling a bee

CHAPTER 4: LIFE CHANGES OVER TIME 4-1 What is evolution?Lesson Review 1. evolution 2. true 3. an adaptation 4. true 5. true 6. harmfulSkill ChallengeThe spines help the cactus retain water by fending off animals that would eat the plant for its water. The ridges help the cactus retain water by creating shade from the sun on much of the cactus’s surface. The hawk was a hooked beak and sharp claws for catching and killing prey and sharp eyesight to see prey while flying high above.

4-2 What are fossils?Lesson Review 1. extinct 2. fossils 3. sedimentary 4. mammoth 5. amber 6. mold 7. cast 8. great pressureSkill Challenge1. mammoth 2. in ice 3. an extinct species 4. Possible answers: insect or fly 5. in amber 6. a living species

4-2 What are fossils?Enrichment Activity: Kinds of FossilsPART A

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Name__________________________________________ Period or #_______________

1. cavity in a rock that has the shape of a buried organism 2. copy of a fossil made from sediment that hardened inside a fossil mold 3. no, because the sediments that harden into a cast must be shaped by a moldPART B1. fossil cast 2. fossil mold

4-3 What evidence supports evolution?Lesson Review 1. Earth’s climate has changed many times throughout Earth’s history. 2. the horse 3. The horse evolved from a species called Eohippus, which had toed feet, to Mesohippus, which was larger, to Merychippus, which was larger still with split hooves, to Equus, the modern horse. The horse’s tooth and skull size have increased over time as well. 4. body parts that have a similar structure 5. lion’s foreleg, bat’s wing, and dolphin’s flipper 6. body structures that seem to have no function 7. They have very similar DNA.

4-3 What evidence supports evolution? (continued)Skill Challenge1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. Each species has grown larger.

4-3 What evidence supports evolution?Enrichment Activity: Radioactive DatingPART A1. determining the actual age of a fossil by measuring the amount of a radioactive element remaining in the fossil 2. amount of time needed for one-half of a radioactive element to break downPART B1. 4.5 billion years 2. 5,770 years 3. 2.6 billion years 4. 5 g; 2.5 g 5. 10 g

4-4 What is natural selection?Lesson Review PART A1. Jean Baptise de Lamark was one of the first scientists to develop a theory of evolution. 2. Lamark hypothesized that all organisms developed new characteristics to help them adapt to their surroundings. Then, they passed on those adapted traits to their offspring.PART B1. Each species produces more offspring than can survive. Not all can survive because there is not enough food or living space for all. 2. The offspring of each generation compete for things that they need to survive. Only a few will live long enough to reproduce. The others will die. 3. The offspring of each generation are not exactly alike. For example, some organisms are faster or stronger than others. 4. Some variations make organisms better suited for survival in their environments. These organisms are more likely to survive and reproduce than are others. 5. Individuals with favorable variations survive and reproduce. They pass their favorable traits to their offspring. Therefore, their offspring are more likely to survive and reproduce in the next generation.Skill ChallengeThe pictures show an overproduction of mice, which causes a struggle for existence. A variation occurs, making some mice larger than others. These mice win battles for food, causing the smaller mice to die out. The new larger mice make a new species.

4-5 How does the environment affect natural selection?Lesson Review 1. true 2. stronger and faster 3. can 4. Pollution 5. true 6. true 7. endangered

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Skill Challenge1. gray moth 2. black moth 3. gray moth

4-6 How have humans changed over time?Lesson Review 1. wise human 2. science that deals with the study of humans 3. about 3.5 million years 4. about 1 meter 5. They have gotten larger; the size of their skulls has increased. 6. Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons 7. Unlike Neanderthals, Cro-Magnons lived together in large groups and were skilled hunters and toolmakers. Cro-Magnons had a more highly developed society in which people had more specialized jobs, such as hunters and toolmakers. 8. Scientists found drawings on the wall of caves and fossils of simple tools and burnt wood.Skill Challenge1. A 2. B 3. C 4. Possible answer: Skull A is the smallest of the three, indicating that it is the oldest. Skull B is larger than A and has a larger brain case. Skull C is the largest of the three, indicating that it is the most recent.

The Big IdeaLesson Review 1. f 2. a 3. b 4. c 5. e 6. dSkill Challenge

1. The Precambrian Era has been the longest era so far. The current era, the Cenozoic Era, has not lasted very long in comparison. 2. Coal is made from the fossilized remains of ancient plants. 3. Possible answers: Artifacts may include remains of cell phones, eye glasses, snowboards, roller blades, and computers. These objects would indicate that humans were able to make many complex products themselves.

CHAPTER 4: LIFE CHANGES OVER TIMEKey Term ReviewAcross2. anthropology 3. amber 4. variation 7. vestigal 8. fossil 9. evolutionDown1. homologous 2. adaptation 5. natural selection 6. mutation

Unit Test Key will be attached to the HW Calendar.

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