Team: ________________________________________Score: ____/80

University of Maryland Science OlympiadDynamic Planet Key

Matching questions are worth 1 point each.Multiple choice and labeling questions are worth 2 points each.

Written response questions are worth 3 points each (unless stated otherwise).

Questions 1-6: Multiple choice ( ____/12)

1. a2. b3. c4. b5. d6. c

Questions 7-12: Matching ( ____/6)

7. e8. f9. c10. b11. a12. d

Question 13: Labeling ( ____/12)

Questions 14-16: Match the following images to the correct type of feature. ( ____/6)

14. c15. a16. b

Questions 17-25: Multiple choice ( ___/18)

17. b18. d19. a20. c21. d22. b23. d24. b25. a

Questions 26-34: Written response ( ____/26)

26. Aerosols typically have a higher albedo than the Earth’s surface. An increase in aerosols will therefore cause more solar radiation to be reflected, and the Earth will cool. ( ___/3)

27.a. 32.4 km (30 km*2.7 g/cm3 = 32.4 km*2.5 g/cm3) ( ___/3)b. 27.9 km ( ___/2)

An ocean will form because it is below sea level ( ___/1)

28. Basal ice often comprises subglacial meltwater that has refrozen. It therefore won’t contain any valuable information about the atmospheric conditions at a certain point in time. ( ___/3)

29. ln(Nt/N0) = –ktln(½) = –k(1.39*106 yr)k = -4.99*10–7 yr–1

ln(Nt/200) = -k(35000 yr)...Nt = 196.5 g ( ___/3)

30. The low salinity and consequent lower density of the meltwater disrupted the North Atlantic Deep Water’s formation, preventing saltwater from sinking in the Atlantic thermohaline circulation. This caused temperatures to cool temporarily, and the ice sheet advanced once again. ( ___/3)

31. Satellite altimetry is used to measure changes in the volume of glaciers, while satellite gravimetry is used to measure changes in mass. ( ___/2)

32. Possible answers:● Meltwater on the surface flowed into cracks and wedged the ice apart● Warm currents ate away at the bottom of the shelf (marine ice sheet instability)● Once it first began melting, ice shelf buttressing was interrupted and the speed of

melting increased

( ___/2)

33. In 1880, the summit of Kilimanjaro was completely covered in ice. Since then, the amount of ice coverage on the mountain has decreased drastically. (4 points total)

a. 2.68 km ( ___/2)b. The impact of Kilimanjaro’s melting has a negligible impact on the local

environment. The forests around the mountain hold most of the area’s water budget, and the glaciers are comparably insignificant. ( ___/2)