Rishi Aurobindo Memorial Academy

134 P. K. Guha Road DumDum Kol-28

Study Material of 8/4/2020

For Class Nursery to Nine

Class Nursery

Subject

Topic

Execution

English

· Practice Book Pg 13

· Reading book Pg 4, 5

· Write in book

· Read & repeat

Math

· Practice book Pg 40(12)

· Reading book Pg 49

· Write in book

· Read & repeat

Class KG I

Subject

Topic

Execution

English

· Work Book – Pg 9, 10

· Letters F f, G g, write in book

Math

· Work Book Pg 96

· Odd one – write in book.

Bengali

· সাহিত্য মুকুল Pg 8

· অনুশীলনী 10/ Write in book

Hindi

· गिनती ११ से २० तक (11 – 20)

· Write in Copy

Class KG II

Subject

Topic

Execution

English Term I

· Pg 19, 20

· Write in cursive letters in book

Maths Term I

· Pg 91

· Complete the task given in book

Bengali

· এসো লিখি Pg 4

· Write in Book

Hindi

· ए की मात्रा (Pg 55, 56)

· Write 5 words with ए की मात्रा in copy

Class I

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

COMPUTER

CHAPTER 2 PARTS OF A COMPUTER

DONE IN THE PREVIOUS CLASS

PAGE NUMBERS-15,16

A. ANSWER IN ONE WORD

MOUSE

HEADPHONE

MONITOR

CPU

CD

KEYBOARD

English 1

Chapter 16 the sentence

Book page 55

B. Rewrite the sentences begin with a capital letter use of. at the end.

1.Mayarana race.

2.My mother is at home.

3. Bunny rabbit loves carrots.

4.The lion is the king of the jungle.

5.The peacock has a pretty tail.

6.We went to the zoo.

7.Monkeys love nuts.

8. I love my family.

English 2

Chapter after a bath

Page 35 Write again 4 lines and learn

PoemafterabathAfter my bath

I try, try,try

to wipe myself

dry, dry, dry, dry!

Maths

Chapter 4 addition and subtraction

Subtraction means taking things away.

Minus sign (-) shows subtraction.

If zero (0) is subtracted from any number the answer is the number itself.

Page 196 quick check

8 – 3 = 5

3 – 1 = 2

7 – 5 = 2

7 – 3 = 4

6 – 2 = 4

5 – 1 = 4

4 – 2 = 2

EVS

Chapter 6 Food

Page 118 time to answer

H. W.

Page 118 Letus do page 119 time to answer

Fill in the blanks:-

1. I eat breakfast in the morning.

2. I eat lunch in the afternoon.

3. I eat dinner in the evening.

Class II

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

English literature

Ch 4 Bob and the Bathtub

Refer to pg 45

Do in the book

Wordpower

I.Write the opposite of these words-

1. full empty

2. here there

3. open close

4. under over

5.wet dry

6. take give

7. push pull

8. throw catch

Eng language

Ch 3 A,AN,THE

Refer to pg 19

“ THE “ is used when we talk of a particular thing, things which are one of its kind , before the names of rivers, famous books, famous buildings etc.

READ PG 19 FROM THE BOOK

EX C ] WRITE THE WHERE IT IS NEEDED.PUT A CROSS { X} WHERE IT IS NOT REQUIRED.

ANSWERS

1. the

2. the

3. The , x

4. The

5. The

6. The

EVS

Ch 5 EATING HEALTHY

Food is the basic need for all livingbeings to lead a healthy life. Food gives us energy to do work,it helps us to grow, and it helps us to keep healthy and fit to fight against germs and diseases. Different food gives us different nutrients for our body. There are three kinds of food – 1. Energy giving food eg rice,wheat etc.

2. Bodybuilding food- eg eggs milk etc

3. Protective food- eg fruits vegetables etc.

We should avoid junk food and eat healthy food in a balanced manner. Drinking a lot of water is also very important. Most of our food comes from the plant like fruits vegetables pulses and cereals.

Read the whole chapter and learn the difficult spellings.

Bengali

বই–আবোলতাবোল

কবিতা–ভয় পেয়োনা

কবি–সুকুমার রায়।

কবি সুকুমার রায় বাংলা শিশু সাহিত্যের একজন বিখ্যাত কবি।

তার আবোল–তাবোল কাব্যগ্রন্থের কবিতাগুলি যেমন শিশুমনোরঞ্জক তেমনি বেশ কিছু কবিতা গভীর অর্থবহ।

আমাদের পাঠ্য‘ ভয় পেয়োনা‘ কবিতাটিতে কবি হাসি বা মজার আড়ালে মনে জাগিয়ে তুলতে চেয়েছেন নির্ভীকতা বা সাহসিকতার বাণী।

পাঠ্য ‘ভয় পেয়োনা‘ কবিতাটি কবির নাম সহ মুখস্থ ও আবৃত্তি অভ্যাস করো।

Hindi

व्याकरण chapter 1 भाषा तथा भाषा के रूप

भाषा-जब हम बोलकर या लिखकर अपने मन की बात दूसरों तक पहुंच जाते हैं,वह हम भाषा की सहायता से ही करते हैं।

भाषा के दो रूप होते हैं- मौखिक और लिखित।

मौखिक यानी मुख से निकला हुआ/ बोलना। लिखित यानी लिखा हुआ /लिखकर।

संसार में सभी प्राणियों एवं जीव जंतुओं की अपनी -अपनी भाषा होती है, जो वे ही आपस में समझ

प्राणी और उनकी बोलियां:-

कुत्ता- भौं-भौं

बिल्ली-म्याऊं- म्याऊं तोता- टाँय -टाँय

बतख-कवैक- कवैक

बकरी-में- में

कौवा- काँव-काँव

मेंढक-टर्टर

घोड़ा –हिनहिनाता

Mathematics

CHAPTER-3

NUMBERS UPTO 1000

NUMBER NAMES

WRITE THE NUMBER NAMES OF THE FOLLOWING NUMERALS

463- FOUR HUNDRED SIXTY THREE

289-TWO HUNDRED EIGHTY NINE

354-THREE HUNDRED FIFTY FOUR

726- SEVEN HUNDRED TWENTY SIX

815-EIGHT HUNDRED FIFTEEN

615- SIX HUNDRED FIFTEEN

936- NINE HUNDRED THIRTY SIX

Computer

CHAPTER-3 PARTS OF A COMPUTER

THE MAIN PARTS OF A COMPUTER ARE

· CPU

· MONITOR

· KEYBOARD

· MOUSE

ALL THE MAIN PARTS OF A COMPUTER TOGETHER MAKE A COMPUTER SYSTEM

Q1) WHAT ARE THE MAIN PARTS OF A COMPUTER?

Ans) THE MAIN PARTS OF A COMPUTER ARE CPU, MONITOR, KEYBOARD AND MOUSE

Class III

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

ENGLISH I

CHAPTER-4 ARTICLES

Refer to pg 15 ex D

DO THIS IN THE rough copy

EX –D Rewrite these sentence after correcting the errors in the use of articles. Some may have upto three errors.

ANSWERS

1)I am from India.

2)The Taj Mahal is on the banks of the river Yamuna.

3)Look at the sky . It is going to rain.

4)The French love their cheese.

5)Michael wants to be an engineer.

6)Jane is going to UK this summer.

7)I ate a banana for breakfast.

8)That was an exciting game.

9)The president will address the nation today.

SST

INDIA-THE LAND OF FESTIVALS

Harvest festivals: India is a land of farmers. Farmers grow crops and harvest is the special time when the crops are ready to be cut and sold in the market to earn money after months of wait.

Makar Sankranti: Makar sankranti also known as maghi is one of the few Indian festivals that is celebrated on a fixed date, January 14.

Onam: Onam is a traditional harvest festival of Kerala. People worship king Mahabali on this day. Boat race is a special attraction of Onam.

1.What do you mean by harvest festivals?

Ans: Farmers grow crops and harvest is the special time when the crops are ready to be cut and sold in the market to earn money after months of wait.

2.What is the other name for Makar sankranti and when it is celebrated?

Ans: The other name for Makar sankranti is Maghi and is celebrated on January 14.

3. In which place Onam is celebrated?

Ans: Kerala.

SCIENCE

COMMON INSECTS

Termites cause great damage to our house and wooden articles. Grasshoppers and caterpillars eat leaves of plants causing damage to food crops. Lice are very small wingless insect that live on the hair of humans and suck their blood. Bedbugs live in the cracks and mattresses of beds and feed on human blood.

Insect bite may cause enormous pain and discomfort. In such a case, we can apply ice pack over the affected area, apply calamine lotion to reduce itching or keep the person calm and remove the sting if any with the help of tweezers.

Write true or false:[pg no.- 42]

1)We see insects only in dirty places.- False

2)All insects cannot fly - False

3)Insects have three pairs of legs - True

4)Houseflies have wings to fly - True

5) Insects reproduce by laying eggs. - True

BENGALI

বই – বাংলা ভাষা পরিচয়

পাঠ – ১১

বিপরীতার্থক শব্দ

১। নিচের শব্দগুলির বিপরীত শব্দ লেখ :-

উদয় - অস্ত উর্বর - অনুর্বর

একতা - বিচ্ছিন্নতা যুদ্ধ - শান্তি

সৃষ্টি - প্রলয় সংকীর্ণ - প্রশস্ত

সুশ্রী - বিশ্রী অবনতি - উন্নতি

অলস - পরিশ্রমী অধম - উত্তম

আমদানি - রপ্তানি স্থূল - কৃশ

জীব - জড় সুপ্ত - জাগ্রত

হর্ষ - বিষাদ আবাহন - বিসর্জন

HINDI

व्याकरण Chapter 1 भाषा

भाषा- मन की बात दूसरों तक पहुंचाने और दूसरों की बात को समझने का साधन भाषा कहलाता है। भाषा के दो रूप होते है- 1.मौखिक और 2.लिखित। 1.जब हम बोलकर अपनी मन की बात दूसरों तक पहुंचाते हैं और दूसरों की बात सुनकर समझते हैं तो वह भाषा का मौखिक रूप कहलाता है।

2. जब हम लिखकर अपनी बात दूसरों तक पहुंचाते हैं, तो वह भाषा का लिखित रूप कहलाता है। विश्व भर में बहुत सी भाषाएं बोली और लिखी जाती हैं।

हर भाषा को अलग अलग तरीके से लिखा जाता है। लिखने के इसी ढंग को लिपि कहते हैं।

READ THE LESSON

MATHEMATICS

CHAPTER-3

ADDITION

WORD PROBLEMS

The concept of addition is used in many daily life problems.

Exercise: 13

Example: 1

A school has 329 boys and 286 girls. How many students are there in the school? Write the number sentence.

Solution:

Number of boys 329

Number of girls +286

Total students 615

Total number of students in the school is 615.

Exercise

9. There are 827 cows and 289 buffaloes in a village. How many total cattle are there in that village?

Solution:

Number of cows 827

Number of buffaloes + 289

Total number 1116

1116 cattle are there in that village.

10. There are 236 white, 382 red and 127 gray coloured cars in a parking lot. How many cars are there in the parking lot?

Solution:

White car 236

Red cars 382

Gray cars +127

Total cars 745

There are 745 cars in the parking lot.

11. In three one-day cricket matches, Indian team scored 279, 246 and 283 runs. How many total runs were scored by the team in these matches?

Solution:

In first match Indian team scored 279

In 2nd match Indian team scored 246

In 3rd match Indian team scored +283

Total run 808

Total 808 runs were scored by the Indian cricket team in these matches.

Class IV

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

Social studies

Major landforms on earth

Put a tick on the correct option: Fill in the blanks:

1.B 1.Range

2.C 2.Australia

3.A 3.Pacific ocean

4.C 4.India

5.C 5.Plateau

6.Arctic

True or false:

1.True 2.False 3.True 4.True 5.False 6.True.

English language

Personal pronouns

The personal pronoun 'I' which refers to the person who is speaking, is known as the first person.

The personal pronoun 'you' which refers to the person who is being spoken to, is known as the second person.

The personal pronoun 'he' which refers to the person spoken of, is known as the third person.

Example: You should always try to keep a promise that you have made.

‘You’= second person.

Example: I listened patiently to whathe had to say about them.

‘I’ = first person

‘he’= third person

Both are singular.(I, he)

They packed their belongings and left. I do not know where they have gone.

‘I’= first person (singular)

‘they’ and 'their'= third person (plural)

Hindi 2ndlang

मुहावरा

जो सामान्य अर्थ से अलग विशेष अर्थ देते हैं इनके प्रयोग से भाषा सुंदर प्रभावशाली होती है उसे मुहावरे कहते हैं।

जैसे- अंधे की लाठी-एकमात्र सहारा।

आंख लगना - सो जाना|

निम्नलिखित मुहावरों के अर्थ लिखकर वाक्य प्रयोग करिए।

1) हाथ मलना-( पछताना) मोहन अपने किए पर बहुत हाथ मल रहा है।

2) पेट में चूहे दौड़ना- भूख लगना -अभय के पेट में आज बहुत चूहे दौड़ रहे हैं।

3) नाक में दम करना- परेशान करना- सीमा ने आज मां के नाक में दम कर दिया है

H.W-1 ) छक्के छुड़ा ना

2) चार चांद लगाना

3) कमर टूट ना

4) आग बबूला होना

5) कमर कस ना

বই–বাংলাভাষাপরিচয়

পাঠ–৮–লিঙ্গ

প্রশ্নোত্তরের মাধ্যমে লিঙ্গ সম্বন্ধে ধারণা

১। লিঙ্গ কাকে বলে?

উঃ লিঙ্গ কথাটির অর্থ চিহ্ন বা লক্ষণ। ব্যাকরনে কোন শব্দকেপুরুষ জাতীয়, স্ত্রীজাতীয় , পুরুষ বা স্ত্রী উভয় জাতীয় বা জড় বস্তুকে বোঝায় তাকে লিঙ্গ বলে। যেমন :- বাবা , মা , শিশু , বই।

২। লিঙ্গ কত প্রকার ও কি কি ?

উঃ লিঙ্গ চার প্রকার। পুংলিঙ্গ স্ত্রীলিঙ্গ উভয়লিঙ্গ ক্লীবলিঙ্গ

MATHEMATICS

Ch: 4

Addition

Estimating the sum

To round off a number to the nearest thousands or ten-thousands, we consider the number at the hundreds place or thousands place respectively. If the number at the hundreds or thousands place is 5 or more, we move up to thousands or ten-thousands place respectively otherwise move down.

Exercise: 10

1. Round off nearest thousands:

(a) 8312 (b)12605

· Solution: (a) 8000 (b) 13000

2. Round off nearest ten-thousands:

(a) 23809 (b) 78114

· Solution: (a)20000 (b) 80000

3.Find the actual and estimated sum by rounding off to the nearest thousands:

(b) ActualEstimated

18312

+24109

· Solution:

b) ActualEstimated

18312 18000

+24109+24000

42421 42000

4.Find the actual and estimated sum by rounding off to the nearest ten-thousands:

(b) ActualEstimated

32978

+45103

· Solution:

(b) ActualEstimated

32978 30000

+45103 +50000

78081 80000

5.Abhay spent Rs.2310 on shoes and Rs.1872 on books. Estimate the total cost he has to pay.

· Solution:

Estimated cost of shoes Rs. 2000

Estimated cost of boos Rs. 2000

Total estimated cost Rs. 4000

Estimate the total cost he has to pay Rs.4000.

Class V

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

MATHEMATICS

Ch: 3

Addition and Subtraction

Word problems on Subtraction

Exercise: 10

3. What should be added to 28709875 so that the sum becomes 30910302?

· Solution:

The sum of two numbers = 30910302

One of the two numbers =-28709875

The other number is = 2200427

2200427 should be added.

4. What should be subtracted from 32783503 to get 18902728? Write the number sentence.

· Solution:

The given number = 32783503

The result of subtraction =-18902728

The required number = 13880775

13880775 should be subtracted.

6. The difference of two numbers is 12793215. If the smaller number is 69705327, find the greater number.

· Solution:

The difference of two numbers is 12793215

The smaller number is +69705327

The greater number is 82498542

The greater number is 82498542.

7. The population of a city was 43728205 in 2015 and in 2017 it become 44029519. Find the increase in population. Write the number sentence.

· Solution:

Population in 2017 become 44029519

Population in 2015 was -43728205

Population increased 301314

Population increased in 2017 was 301314.

10. In an examination 459203 students sat for mathematics test which was for 100 marks. 89712 students got 90 and above marks, 95389 students got between 79 and 90 marks. How many students got less than 80 marks?

· Solution:

Students got 90 and above is 89712

Students got between 79 and 90 is+95389

Students got 80 or more is 185101

Total number of students 459203

Students got 80 or more is -185101

Students got less than 80 is 274102

274102 students got less than 80 marks.

Social studies

Conquering distances

Railways: specially designed vehicles called trains run on two parallel rail tracks made of iron or steel. Different types of trains operate on different tracks.

Railway is a cheaper means of transport for long distance travel.

Waterways: travel routes through water are called waterways.

Types of waterways:

Inland waterways- it comprise of the rivers, canals and the backwaters.

Oceanic- it include ocean and sea routes connecting the continents and far off countries.

1. When was the first railway track built?

Ans: In India, the British built the first track between Mumbai and Thane in 1853.

2. How old is our Indian Railways?

Ans: 160 years old.

3. Give two advantages of railway?

Ans: Railway is a cheaper means of transport for long distance travel.

They are relatively fast, considering they cover long distances.

4. What is waterway? Name the two types of waterways.

Ans: Travel routes through water are called waterways.

The two types of waterways are:

Inland waterways and oceanic.

COMPUTER

CHAPTER-2

APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTERS

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM IS A SYSTEM THAT HAS A SOFTWARE EMBEDDED INTO CPU CHIP.IT PERFORMS A DEDICATED APPLICATION OR IT MAY BE A PART OF THE LARGER SYSTEM AND OPERATES OF FIXED SET OF INSTRUCTIONS THAT ARE PRE PROGRAMS TO CONTROL THE EQUIPMENT. FEW EXAMPLES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS ARE ATMS, PRINTERS, CALCULATORS AND CELL PHONES.

PAGE NO-13

WRITE TRUE AND FALSE FOR THE STATEMENTS GIVEN BELOW

1. TRUE

2. TRUE

3. FALSE

4. FALSE

5. TRUE

Science

Chapter 2 - The Skeletal System 

· The skull 

The skull has 22 bones the upper part of the skull is hard and consists of eight bones. It protect the brain. There are two jaws -upper jaw and lower jaw . The upper jaw has 8 bones and the lower jaw has 14 bones. 

· The backbone 

Backbone is made up of 33 small bones called vertebrae. The backbone is also called the vertebral column or the spine. Backbone protect the spinal cord . 

· The rib cage 

The rib cage consists of 12 pair of curved bones called live the rib cage protect the heart and lungs of our body from outside injuries.  

· The limbs 

The arms and legs are called limbs. The upper arm has one long bone called humorous. The lower arm has two bones. The thigh bones called femur is the longest bone in our body. It helps us to move our hand and legs. 

A.Tick the correct answers. 

1) How many vertebrae is our backbone made of?  

a) 14  

b) 22    

c) 33 ✓   

d) 8 

2) Which is the longest bone in our body? 

a) Humerus 

b )Femur    ✓

c) Spine    

d) Cartilage 

3) Which of the following bones produce blood cells in our body?   

a) Bones in the skull  

b) The spine  ✓ 

c) The rib cage    

d) Humerus and femur 

4) What are the fibre that hold bones together at a joint called?

a) Ligaments    ✓

b) tendons

c) floating ribs    

d) bone marrow 

5) Which vitamin is beneficial for our bones?

a) Vitamin A

b) Vitamin B

c) Vitamin C

d) Vitamin D  ✓

B.Name the parts of the skeleton that protect this organs. 

1. Brain  

2. Spinal cord  

3. Heart  

4. Lungs 

Ans –

1. Brain  - The Skull

2. Spinal cord  - Backbone

3. Heart  - Ribcage

4. Lungs  - Ribcage

Bengali

বই–বাংলা সাহিত্য পরিচয়

পাঠ–৬– প্রশ্ন

অনুশীলনীর প্রশ্নোত্তর

৪। অর্থলেখ :-

মেলা–অনেক , দীঘি–বড়জলাশয়

সাঁঝ–সন্ধ্যেবেলা চুবরি–ছোটঝুড়ি

সুয্যি–সূর্য

মাদার–এক বিশেষ টক ফলের গাছ

৫। বিপরীতলেখ :-

ঘরে–বাইরে সাঁঝ–প্রভাত সকাল–বিকাল আঁধার–আলো সত্যি–মিথ্যে রাত–দিন

৬। সমার্থকশব্দলেখ :-

মা–জননী জল–বারি

সুয্যি–রবি গাছ–তরু

রাত্রি–নিশীথ মন–হৃদয়

৭। পদপরিবর্তনকরো :-

ঘর–ঘরোয়া গাছ–গাছালি

হাট–হাটুর মাঠ–মেঠো

সন্ধ্যা–সান্ধ্য মন–মনন

English 2

Robinson Crusoe

Robinson Crusoe is the name book by Daniel Defoe. Daniel Defoe was born in 1616. His father was a butcher, and Daniel Defoe worked at a number of trades before he started to write, at the age of 40.he wrote poems and occasionally wrote criticisms of the government. Sometimes he was sent to prison. When he was nearly 60 he wrote the story of Robinson Crusoe it was a great success, and has been popular with children It is the first great English novel. In this short piece from the book Robinson Crusoe, tells us how he became shipwrecked

Answer the following questions

6. What are some of the tasks Robinson Crusoe did on the Island?

Everyday he toiled, brought tools, wood, rope, nails, sails and clothes; guns and ammunition; and sugar and flour and bread. He busied himself in making a house with a stockade around it. He used one of the sails from the ship for the roof. He cut down tree trunks and carried them to the house, and slowly built a strong stockade to keep out wild animals.

7. What are some of the things he found on the Island?

He found a delightful valley. There were wild grapes and limes, he found some wild goats in the forest. He found a baby goat and carried it home and tamed it.

8. What do you think happened to the others in the boat?

All the others in the boat were drowned.

Homework:

Q) Why did Robinson Crusoe not want the gold coins? Do you think they would have come in useful?

Hindi 2ndlang

गिरगिट का सपना(कहानी)

यह कहानी एक गिरगिट की है। वह अपने आप से खुश नहीं था। वह हमेशा अपने आप को दूसरों से तुलना करता था। वह जैसा है वैसा नहीं रहना चाहता था। इस चक्कर में उसे बहुत मुसीबत उठानी पड़ी अंत में उसे मारना पड़ा कि ईश्वर ने जिसे जैसा बनाया है वह उसी में उसकी खूबी है इस कहानी से हमें कुछ सीख मिलती है–

· जिस व्यक्ति में संतोष है वही जीवन में सुखी रहता है

· हमें दूसरों का सुख या सुंदरता के पीछे नहीं भागना चाहिए क्योंकि यही चीजें हमें मुसीबत में डालती है और यही सबसे बड़ी मूर्खता है।

H.W- शब्दार्थ लिखना और पढ़ना है।

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए।

1) गिरगिट कहां रहता था ?

2) गिरगिट का जीवन कैसा था?

3) नेवले बने गिरगिट को टहनी का कांटा कैसे चुप गया ?

4) गिरगिट की उदासी का क्या कारण था ?

5) गिरगिट का अपना पड़ोसी सांप क्यों पसंद था ?

उतर–

1) वहहरेभरेजंगलमेंएकघनेपेड़केनीचेरहताथा।

2) वह बहुत सुखी था खाने पीने की कोई कमी नहीं थी मुसीबत आने पर वह रंग बदल कर बच जाता था।

3) वह ऊंची उछाल मार रहा था तभी पेड़ की टहनी में लगा कांटा उसको चुभ गई और वह टहनी पर ही टंगा रहा।

4) वह हमेशा यही सोचता रहता था कि उसे कुछ और होना चाहिए था हर जीव जंतु का अपना रंग होता है पर उसका खुद का अपना रंग नहीं था वह अलग अलग रंग बदल सकता था यही सोच कर वह उदास था ।

5) सांप देखने में बहुत ही आकर्षित था और उससे आसपास के सभी जीव जंतु डरते थे ।

Continue to …

Class VI

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

BENGALI(2ND LANGUAGE)

অধ্যায়১০

“হিমালয়ের পথে”-

(প্রবোধ কুমার সান্যাল

'দুদিন চলবার............।

সত্যিকারের আনন্দ পাবে'।

১।প্রবোধ কুমার স্যানাল কোন পত্রিকার সঙ্গে যুক্ত ছিলেন?

উ- কল্লোল পত্রিকার।

২।"যেন তাদের হিস্টিরিয়া হয়েছে।'’ –হিস্টিরিয়া কী? কাদের সম্পর্কে কেন বলা হয়েছে?

উ- হিস্টিরিয়া হল স্নায়ু ঘটিত রোগ।

হিমালয়ের যাত্রীদের সম্পর্কে বলা হয়েছে। তারা বদ্রীনাথের মন্দির দেখার পর কেউ চিৎকার করে কাঁদল, কেউ হাসল, কেউ দেবতাকে গলা চিরে ডাকতে লাগল কারণ তারা অনেকটা পথ কষ্ট করে পায়ে হেঁটে অবশেষে দেবতার দর্শন পেয়েছে।

৩।কেদারনাথ থেকে লেখক কী ভাবে বদ্রীনাথে পৌঁছলেন?

উ- কেদারনাথ মন্দির দেখার পর চব্বিশ মাইল পথ ধরে তারা নেমে এল।তারপর চটিতে বিশ্রাম নিয়ে দুদিন হাঁটার পর একদিন সন্ধ্যায় যোশী মঠ পৌঁছলেন।সেখান থেকে নেমে বিষ্ণু গঙ্গা পার হয়ে উনিশ মাইল পথ পেরিয়ে বদ্রীনাথের মন্দির।

৪।"তারা সত্যিকারের দুঃখ এবং সত্যিকারের আনন্দ পাবে।" –তারা কারা? সত্যিকারের দুঃখ ও সত্যিকারের আনন্দ পাওয়ার কারণ কী?

উ- তারা হল হিমালয়ে উদ্দেশ্যে গমন কারী যাত্রী।

সত্যিকারের দুঃখ হল তারা অনেক সাহস ও কষ্ট সহ্য করে তবেই হিমালয়ে পৌঁছবে। সত্যিকারের আনন্দ হলনা না দুর্গম পথ পেরিয়ে, কষ্ট সহ্য করে অবশেষে হিমালয়ের দর্শন পাবে।

Hindi

2nd lang

गुलेल बाज लड़का

यह कहानी एक लड़के की है वह अच्छा निशानेबाज है और बहुत ही शरारती है उसके अंदर दया माया बिल्कुल नहीं थी पर इंसान है उसका भी दिन है वह भी पछताता है और वह भी एक दिन बदलता है इस कहानी से हमें यह सीख मिलती है कि गलती सभी से होती है पर गलतियों को जो सुधरे और पश्चाताप कर ले तो उसकी भी गलतियों को ईश्वर माफ कर देता है जिस तरह इस कहानी मेंप्रायश्चित करने वाला अपने को भीतर से बदल देता है अपनी बुरी भावना को अपने अंदर से हमेशा के लिए बाहर निकाल देता है बुधराज ने भी इस कहानी में यही किया है

शब्दार्थ लिखना और पढ़ना है ।

निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए ।

· बोद्ध राज गली की नाली पर बैठे बरर्रो को देखकर क्या करता था ?

· बोद्ध राज पेड पर चढ़ कर क्या करता था ?

· बोधराज किस प्रकार का खेल खेलता था ?

· बोधराज को गोद में ले जाकर लेखक डरने क्यों लगा ?

· बोधराज ने लेखक को मैना के बच्चों को छूने से मना क्यों किया ?

उत्तर:-

१)उनकोपकड़करपहलेउनकी डंक को निकाल देता था फिर उनके पैरों में धागा बांधकर पतंग की तरह उड़ाता था।

२)वह घोष लो से अंडे निकाल लेता और चिड़ियों के घोसले को तोड़-फोड़ कर देता था ।

३)सभी तरह का खेल खेलता था जैसे वह अपनी जेब में तरह-तरह की चीजें रखें घूमता कभी मैनाम के बच्चे कभी अंडे या कांटेदार झाऊ चूहा आदि सभी को वह लेकर घूमता और सभी को तंग करता रहता था ।।

४) बौद्ध राज खो गोदाम में ले जाकर लेखक को डर लग रहा था क्योंकि उसे डर था कि कहीं वह घोसलों को तोड फोड नकर दे जैसा वह अक्सर करता था अंडो को भी ना तोड दे।

५. अगर वह पक्षियों को छू लेता तो उसके माता-पिता उसके पास नहीं आते क्योंकि इंसानों का गंध उन्हें मिल जाता है ।

Continue to next…..

BIOLOGY

The Leaf

The two main part of a plant are are –  

· The root system 

· The shoot system 

The root system 

The part of a plant that grow under the ground is called the root.  

Types of root -  

1. Tap root  

2. Fibrous root 

3.

Function of roots 

1. Route hold the plant for me to the ground 

2. Root absorb water and minerals from the soil for the plant. 

The shoot system 

the part of a plant that grow above the ground is called the shoot system. It has steam, birds, flour and fruits.

Function of the stem 

1. It hold the plant upright. 

2. It bears branches, birds, leaves, flour and fruits. 

3. It Kanda water and minerals from the route to the other part of the plant. 

4. Some green steam contains chlorophyll so they can manufacture food. 

Tick the correct options – 

1) The main parts of a plant are –

a) root system

b) shoot system

c) both of these ✓

d) none of these 

2) In which of the following plants is the tap root system found?

a) Gram 

b) Pea

c) grass

d) both a and b  ✓

3) In which of the following plants is the fibrous root system found? 

a) Pea and gram 

b) grass and maize ✓

c) maize and gram

d) Grass and pea 

4) Which of the following is not a function of the root?

a) It absorbs water and minerals from the soil.

b) It holds the plant firmly to the ground.

c) It binds the particles of the soil together.

d) It prepares food. ✓

5) The shoot system consist of

a) stem and buds stem,

b) leaf and flowers stem,

c) buds, leaves and flowers

d) stem ,buds, leaf, flower and fruits  ✓

English 2

The great train journey- Ruskin Bond.

The great journey by Ruskin Bond is a story about Suraj who loved trains and wanted to go to places. One day while wandering along the railway tracks, he enters into a carriage compartment. The train suddenly starts moving with him in the compartment and after a journey returns back to the same place from where it had begun. The story is about his experience during that journey.

3. Fill in the blanks

a. Soon there were other tracks, a railway- siding a stationary goods train.

b. Suraj felt a thrill of anticipation.

c. The number of railway lines increased crossed, spread out in different directions.

d. He was so astonished that he almost fell out of the compartment.

e. He did not want the ticket collector asking him awkward questions.

f. Shrugging his shoulders, Suraj sauntered down the road to the bazaar.

MATHS

Topic – Numbers

Chapter – Natural numbers and whole numbers

exercise – 5(A).

1) Fill in the blanks :

· Smallest natural number is 1

· Smallest whole number is 0

· Largest natural number is not possible.

· Largest whole number is not possible.

· All natural numbers are whole numbers

· All whole numbers are not natural numbers.

· Successor of 4099 is (4099 + 1) = 4100

Note : successor means add 1 with given number.

· Predecessor of 4330 is (4330 – 1 ) = 4329.

3)State, true or false :

(i) Whole numbers are closed for addition. (true)

(ii) If a and b are any two whole numbers, then a+b is not a whole number. (false)

(iii) If a and b are any two whole numbers, then a + b = b + a (true)

(iv) 0 + 18 = 18 + 0 (true)

(v) Addition of whole numbers is associative. (true)

(vi) 10 + 12 + 16 = (10 + 12) + 16 = 10 + (12 + 16 ) (true)

4)Fill in the blanks :

(i) 54 + 234 = 234 + 54

(iii) 286 + 0 = 286

(iv) 286 ×1 = 286

(v) a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c

5)By re-arranging the given numbers, evaluate

(i) 237 + 308 + 163

= ( 237 + 163 ) + 308

=400 +308

= 708

(ii) 162 + 253 + 338 + 47

= ( 162 + 338 ) + (253 + 47)

= 500 + 300

= 800

(iii) 21 + 22 + 23 + 24 +25 + 75 +76 +77 + 78 + 79

= (21 + 79) + (22 + 78) + (23 + 77) + (24 + 76) + (25 + 75)

= 100 +100 +100 +100 +100

=500

(iv) 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 596+597+598+599

= (1+599) + (2+598) + (3+597) +(4+596)

= 600 + 600 +600 +600

=2400

Class VII

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

Hindi 2ndlang

वह तोड़ती पत्थर कविता (सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी निराला

कविता में कवि निराला जी ने एक पत्थर तोड़ने वाली मजदूर के माध्यम से शोषित समाज के जीवन की विषमता का वर्णन किया है कभी कहते हैं कि मजदूर प्रतिकूल परिस्थितियों में भी अपना काम पूरी लगन व निष्ठा से करते हैं फिर भी मालिक उन पर अत्याचार करते हैं और उनका शोषण करते हैं।

कविता का भाव सौंदर्य की दृष्टि से बहुत ही अद्भुत है सड़क पर पत्थर तोड़ती एक मजदूर महिला का वर्णन किया है वह तपती दोपहरी में बैठी हुई पत्थर तोड़ रही है वह एक साधारण परिवार की महिला है लेकिन उसका आचरण एकदम सरल और शुद्ध है।

“गुरु हथोड़ा हाथ करती बार-बार प्रहार सामने तरु मल्लिका अट्टालिका प्रकार“

1) उपर्युक्त पंक्ति कहां से ली गई है और इसके रचनाकारकौन है?

2) यह पंक्ति किस संदर्भ में कही गई है ?

3) एक झड़ के बाद कौन कांप उठी ?

उत्तर–पाठ का नाम वह तोड़ती पत्थर हैकार का नाम सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी निराला जी है ।

ख)निराला जी पत्थर तोड़ने वाली महिला का वर्णन करते हुए कहते हैं कि भरी धूप में वह पत्थर तोड़ रही थी वह जहां बैठी थी वहां कोई छायादार वृक्ष भी नहीं था निराला जी कहते हैं कि गरीबों को सुख नसीब नहीं है सुख तो केवल धनी लोगों के पास है वही लोग संपन्न है।

ग)एक क्षण के बाद पत्थर तोड़ने वाली स्त्री काप उठी ।

“देखते देखा मुझे तो एक बार उस भवन की ओर देखा हिना तार देख कर कोई नहीं देखा मुझे उस दृष्टि से जो मार खा रोइ नहीं।

1) युवती ने कवि की ओर किस दृष्टि से देखा ?

2) इस पंक्ति का भाव स्पष्ट करें ।

उत्तर :-

1) युवती ने कवि की और बड़ी ही विवशता भरी दृष्टि से देखा ।

2) यहां कवि गरीब मजदूरनी की असहाय हालत का वर्णन किया है।मजदूरनी की दयनिय दशा को कवि देखता है।तभीमजदूरनी अपने सामने उस विशाल भवन की आओर देखती हैं और जब उसे कुछ दिखाई नही दिया तब वह कवि की ओर बडी ही विवशता भरी दृष्टि से देखती है जैसे कोई व्यक्ति लगातार शोषण से भयभीत होकर रोता नहीं, शोषण ने उसके आंसू सुखा दिये हो।

Bengali

বই–বাংলা ভাষা অন্বেষা

পাঠ -১–

স্বর সন্ধি ও ব্যঞ্জন সন্ধি

১। ব্যঞ্জন সন্ধি কাকে বলে ?

উঃ ব্যঞ্জন ধ্বনির সঙ্গে ব্যঞ্জন ধ্বনির অথবা স্বর ধ্বনির সঙ্গে ব্যঞ্জন ধ্বনির কিংবা ব্যঞ্জন ধ্বনির সঙ্গে ব্যঞ্জন ধ্বনির মিলনকে বলা হয় ব্যঞ্জনসন্ধি।

২। কতক গুলি ব্যঞ্জন সন্ধির উদাহরণ দাও:-

দিক+অন্ত=দিগন্ত ষট+অনন=ষড়ানন

সৎ+আশয়=সদাশয় জগৎ+ইন্দ্র=জগদিন্দ্র

প্ৰ+ছদ=প্রচ্ছদ আ+ছাদন=আচ্ছাদন

পরি+ছন্ন=পরিচ্ছন্ন দিক+বলয়=দিগবলয়

উৎ+যোগ=উদ্যোগ বাক+জাল=বাগজাল

বাক+যন্ত্র=বাগযন্ত্র উৎ+চরণ=উচ্চারণ

সৎ+চরিত্র=সচ্চরিত্র চলৎ+চিত্র=চলচ্চিত্র

সৎ+জন=সজ্জন বিদ্বান+জন=বিদ্বজ্জন

GEOGRAPHY

CHAPTER 7

EUROPE

PHYSICAL FEATURES

Physical Features of Europe can be broadly divided into-

North -western HighlandsNorth European PlainsCentral UplandsThe Alpine System

Central Uplands: The central uplands lie to the south of the North European Plain. They consist of old mountains that have been eroded to form small plateaus. Example the Meseta Central in Spain, Massif Central in France and the Bohemian Plateau in Czech Republic. The Vosges, Black Forest and Harz are some of the low mountains found in this region.

Explain the Central Uplands.

The central uplands lie to the south of the North European Plain. They consist of old mountains that have been eroded to form small plateaus. Example the Meseta Central in Spain, Massif Central in France and the Bohemian Plateau in Czech Republic . The Vosges, Black Forest and Harz are some of the low mountains found in this region

Math

Topic -Number system

Chapter -Fractions.

Study item: Converting unlike fractions into like fractions.

We think that there are given two or more unlike fractions. Now, we are to convert it like fractions.

First, find out the L.C.M of the denominators of the given fractions.

Next, multiply each denominator by suitable number, as a result we get the number which is equal to L. C. M. And multiply numerator by the same number.

Example: Change 5/6, 4/15, 8/9 and 1/3 to like fractions.

Solution : Given, 5/6 , 4/15 ,8/9 and 1/3

Therefore, L.C.M of the denominators 6,15,9 and 3 = 90

Therefore, 5/6 = 5×15/6×15 = 75/90

4/15 = 4×6/15×6 = 24/90

8/9 = 8×10/9×10 = 80/90

1/3 = 1×30/3×30 = 30/90

Therefore, required like fractions are 75/90, 24/90 , 80/90 and 30/90.

Study item: Comparing Fractions.

1St method: Convert all the given fractions into fractions of equal denominators. Then arrange the fractions according to ascending or descending order by the numerator.

2and method: Convert all the given fractions into fractions of equal numerator. Then arrange the fractions according to ascending or depending order by the denominators.

Important note: (i) when denominator equal, the biggest numerator among the fractions consider biggest fraction.

(ii) When numerator equal, the smallest denominator among the fractions consider biggest fraction.

History and civics

Medieval Europe-Rise and Spread of Christianity

Long answer questions:

1. Write a note on the life and a few teachings of Jesus Christ.

Ans: Jesus Christ was born in a small village of Bethlehem, near Jerusalem. Jesus saw the miseries of the people around him. His entire thinking was based on the central idea that God is the Loving Father of all. His teachings were simple:

1. God is our Father. We should love Him.

2. Since God is our Father, all men are brothers.

3. One should not be greedy, jealous or vain.

4. The kingdom of God could be easily reached by loving Him sincerely.

2. Why did the Jews oppose Jesus? Why and how was Jesus sentenced to death?

Ans: Jesus treated the Jews and the non-Jews alike. This made Jesus very popular amongst masses. However, he faced opposition from the Jewish religious leaders who considered him as a threat.

Jews did not like the ways of Jesus and became his enemy. They convinced the Roman governor of Palestine, Pontius Pilate. Jesus was then arrested. Pilate sentenced Jesus to be crucified. Jesus was crucified on a Friday at the age of 33 (30 AD) which is celebrated as Good Friday.

3. Who were St. Peter and St. Paul?

Ans: St. Peter, was an apostle of Jesus, is described as the foundation-rock of Christianity. He is regarded as the first Pope of the Roman Catholic Church.

St. Paul was a Jew, who converted to Christianity. He started to spread Christianity and established Christian churches throughout the Roman empire, including Europe and Africa.

Biology

Chp- 2 : Classification of Plants

Today we discuss mainly kingdom Monera.This kingdom includes all bacteria and blue –green algae.

Q5 Depending on the shape classify bacteria.

Depending on the shape, bacteria are of four types:

i. Coccci- Sherical bacteria

e g Streptococcus pneumoniae

ii. Bacilli- Rod shaped bacteria

eg Lactobacillus, E Coli

iii. Spirilla – Spiral shaped bacteria

egTreponema

iv. Vibrabo – Comma shaped ⸴

Eg Vibrio cholerae

Q6 Define Vaccine

A vaccine is a substance that is given to a person to protect against a particular disease eg BCG

Q7. What do you mean by symbiosis?

A relationship between two organisms in which both are benefitted is called symbiosis,eg In leguminous plants root, bacteria Rhizobium live. Bacteria supply N2 to plant and plant supply carbohydrate food.

Q8. How bacteria are helpfull to increase soil fertility?

In leguminous plants root Rhizobium bacteria live. These bacteria absorb nitrogen from the atmospherre and convert it into nitrates. Nitrates are soluble in water and are easily absorbed by the plants. This N2 to Nitrate conversion in soil increases soil fertility.

Class VIII

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

English 2

Twelfth Night – Shakespeare

A noble man named Orsino, in the kingdom of Illyria, is deeply in love with a lady called lady Olivia. She is in mourning for her dead brother; so she will not even think about marriage. At this time a sea storm causes a terrible shipwreck and a young lady called Viola is swept onto the shore. She thinks, that her twin brother, Sebastian is drowned. A sea captain tells her about Orsino and his love for Olivia. Viola wishes to work in Olivia’s home, but feels she will not be employed. So she dresses as a man, calls herself Cesario and gets work at the house of Orsino.

Viola (now Ceasario) is much liked by Orsino and becomes his page. She falls in love with Orsino. Orsino sends Ceasario to deliver messages to Olivia. Olivia herself falls for the beautiful young Ceasario, believing Viola to be a man.

1. Find out what these words mean and use them in sentences of your own.

a. Cloister – a covered walk in a convent.

b. Briny- salty

c. Sovereign- possessing supreme or ultimate power.

d. Bower- a pleasant shady place under trees or climbing plants in a garden or woods.

e. Duke – a male holding the highest hereditary tittle.

f. Prattle- talk at a length in a foolish or inconsequential way.

g. Abjure- solemnly renounce (a belief, cause, or claim)

h. Compass- contrive to accomplish something.

Chemistry

Hydrogen

General methods of preparation of hydrogen

Metals react in varying degrees with water to form their respective salts and release hydrogen

Sodium and potassium

( React violently with cold water. Highly exothermic reaction. Released hydrogen immediately catches fire )

2K + H₂O → 2KOH + H₂↑ + heat2Na + H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂↑ + heat

Calcium

( Less violent reaction with water, heat evolved not enough for H₂ to catch fire )

Ca + 2H₂O → Ca(OH)₂ + H₂↑

Magnesium

( Reacts with hot water )

Mg + 2H₂O → Mg(OH)₂ + H₂↑

Aluminum, zinc, iron

( React with steam to form oxide and hydrogen )

2Al + 3H₂O → Al₂O₃ + 3H₂↑Zn + H₂O → ZnO + H₂3Fe + 4H₂O → Fe₃O₄ + 4H₂↑

Question 3

Complete and balance the following equations:

(a) H2+_________⟶2HCl

(b) H2+S⟶_________

(c) Zn+_________⟶ZnCl2+H2

(d) CuO+_________⟶Cu+_________

(e) Fe + H2O⟶_________+________

(f) K +H2O⟶_________+________

Solution:

(a) H2+Cl2⟶2HCl

(b) H2+S⟶H2S

(c) Zn+2HCl⟶ZnCl2+H2

(d) CuO+H2⟶Cu+H2O

(e) 3Fe+4H2O⟶Fe3O4+4H2

(f) 2K+2H2O⟶2KOH+H2

COMPUTER

CHAPTER-1

DONE IN THE PREVIOUS CLASS

PAGE NO-18

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

6. A SYSTEM SOFTWARE

7. SINGLE USER OS

8. .EXE

9. GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE

10. A SYSTEM ICON

II. FILL IN THE BLANKS

· BOOTING

· MICROSOFT

· ICONS

· TASKBAR

· COMPUTER

· TITLE BAR

MATHEMATICS

Ch: 6

Sets

· Cardinal Number: The number of direct elements in a final set is called Cardinal Number. e.g. If B = {2,4,5,6} So, n(B) = 4

· Type of Sets:

1. Finite Set: A set with finite (limited) number of elements in it is called finite set. e.g. Set of boys in your class.

2. Infinite Set: A set, which is not finite, that is asset with never ending number of elements is called an Infinite Set, e.g.{x : x W and x > 1000}

3. Singleton or Unit Set: A set, which has only one element in it, is called a singleton or unit set.

e.g. {x: x is President of India}.

4. Empty or Null Set: The set, which has no element in it, is called the empty or the null set, Empty set = {} =.e.g. The set of all odd numbers between 7 and 9.

5. Joint or Overlapping Sets: Two sets are said to be joint or overlapping sets, if they have at least one element in common. e.g. Set A = {5,7,9,11} and Set B = {6,9,12,15} are joint (overlapping) sets as number 9 is common to both the sets.

6. Disjoint Set: Two sets are said to be disjoint, if they have no element in common.

e.g. Set A = {5,7,9,11} and Set B = {4,6,8,10} are disjoint, as they have no element in common.

7. Equivalent Sets: Two sets are said to be equivalent, if they contain the same number of elements. e.g. Set A = {a,b,c} and Set B ={x,y,z} are equivalent as n(A) = n(B) and we write A B.

8. Equal Sets: Two sets are equal, if both the sets have same (identical) elements. e.g. if A = {1,2,3,4,5} and B = {x : x N and x < 6}; then clearly A = B.

· In equivalent sets, the numbers of elements are equal, whereas in equal sets, the elements are the same.

Equal sets are always equivalent, whereas the equivalent sets are not necessarily equal.

Exercise: 6(B)

1. Find the cardinal number of the following sets:

(i) A1 = {-2,-1,1,3,5}

(ii) A2 = {x: x N and 3 x <7}

· Solution: (i) 5; (ii) 4

4. Find which of the following sets are singleton sets:

(ii) A = {x : 7x – 3 = 11}

(iii) B = {y : 2y + 1 < 3 and y W}

· Solution: All

7. State, whether the following pair of sets are equivalent or not:

(ii) Set of integers and set of natural numbers.

(iii) Set of whole numbers and set of Multiples of 3.

(iv) P = {5,6,7,8} and M = {x : x

W and x 4}

· So0lution:

(ii) Not equivalent as the two sets are not finite.

(iii) Not equivalent as the two sets are not finite.

(iv) Not equivalent.

8. State whether the following pairs of sets are equal or not:

(i) A = {2,4,6,8} and B = {2n: n N and n < 5}

(iv) A = {x : x N, x < 3} and B = {y : y2-3y +2 = 0}

· Solution:

(i) and (iv) both are equal.

9. State whether each of the following sets is a finite set or an infinite set:

(i) The set of multiples of 8

(ii) The set of integers less than 10.

(iii) The set of whole numbers less than 12.

· Solution: (i) Infinite (ii) Infinite (iii)Finite

10.Answer, whether the following statements are true or false, give reason:

(i) The set of even natural numbers less than 21 and the set of odd natural numbers less than 21 are equivalent sets.

· Solution: True, since both the sets have 10 elements.

(ii) If E = {factors of 16} and F = {factors of 20}, then E = F.

· Solution: False, since E = {1,2,4,8,16} and F = {1,2,4,5,10,20}

(iii) The set A = {integers less than 20} is a finite set.

· Solution: False, since A = {19,18,…,0,-1, -2,…}

(iv) If A = {x : x is an even prime number} then set A is empty.

· Solution: False, since A = {2}

(v) The set of odd prime numbers is the empty set.

· Solution: False, since the given set has 3, 5, 7, 11 etc.

GEOGRAPHY

Asia

Physiography

Major physiological divisions :

1. Central Highlands

2. Northern Lowlands

3. Plateaus

4. River Basins

5. Islands

1. Central Highlands

From Pamir Knot,

· the great Himalayas and the Karakoram extend southward

· the Hindukush extends westward

· the Kunlun and the Tien Shan Ranges extend eastward, continued by the Altai and Yablonovy Ranges

· the Hindukush and Suleiman Ranges are followed by ranges of Iran and Turkey

Intermontane Plateaus

The Plateaus of Tibet, or roof of the world between the Himalayas and the Kunlun

The plateau of Iran and Anatolia Plateau in Turkey

the Gobi desert and the Tarim Basin

2. Northern Lowlands

lie north to the central mountain belt.

Two sub divisions :

i. The great Siberian Plain – northern part ; drained by the Ob, Yenisey and Lena Rivers;, flows northward up to Arctic Sea.

ii. The Lowlands of Central Asia – South of Siberian Plain , large area of inland drainage; the Caspian and the Aral Sea are large inland lakes; the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya rivers originate in Central Asia mountains and reach Aral Sea.

Fill in the blanks:

1. The Great Himalayas and karakoram extend southeastwards from the Pamir Knot.

2. The Plateau of Tibet , known as the ‘Roof of the World’.

3.The plateaus surrounded by mountain ranges are called intermontane plateaus.

4. The Gobi Desert in Mongolia is the largest desert in Asia.

5. Yenisey flows into Arctic Ocean.

6 .Amu Darya is an example of inland drainage.

7. Caspian sea and Aral Sea are two large inland lakes.

History and Civics

Growth of Nationalism

· The conduct of the war

· Emancipation proclamation

· The Gettysburg address

The conduct of the war

Lincoln conduct of the civil war against the southern states gives evidence of his foresight on one hand ,he selected the most capable officers like Ulysses S. Grant so that the union could win against the secessionists. On the other hand he aroused the public to support the army.

Emancipation of proclamation

Lincoln issued on January 1, 1863 his emancipation proclamation declaring that all the slaves in the rebellious states would be free.

The Gettysburg address

The union armies won two important victories at Gettysburg in Pennsylvania and Vicksburg against the confederate troops in July 1863.On November 1863President Lincoln delivered two minute speech at Gettysburg. It was one of the most soul stirring speeches ever delivered to the Americans.

Answer the following questions:-

Short notes:-

Emancipation proclamation

The Gettysburg address.

Homework:-Learn.

Class IX

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

CHEMISTRY

Naming Certain Compound

An Acid:(a)Names of binary acids are given by adding the prefix “hydro” and the suffix “ic”to the name of the second element.

(b) Names of acids containing radicals of polyatomic groups are given on the basis of the second elementpresent in the molecule,and the prefix “hydro”is not used.

Trivial names: There are certain compounds with names that do not follow any systematic rule.Such names are called trivial or common names,and they are widely accepted.

Example:(i)HCl is hydrochloric acid.

(ii).HF is hydrofluoric acid.

Example: (i).In H2SO4 ,the second elements is sulphur,hence the name sulphuric acid.

Example:(i)Nitrogen trihydride is called Ammonia (NH3)

(ii).Hydrogen monoxide or dihydrogen oxide is called water (H2O)

EVS

CHAPTER - 1 (UNDERSTANDING OUR ENVIRONMENT)

Extinction of species 

A) Natural causes of extinction of species --

1. Climatic heating and cooling 

2. Changes in sea levels 

3. Acid rains 

4. Diseases 

5. Spread of Invasive species 

B) Human causes of extinction --

1. Habitat destruction 

2. Growth of the human population 

Q ) What is the difference between biodegradable and nonbiodegradable pollutants ?  

Ans –

BIODEGRADABLE POLLUTANTS

NON -BIODEGRADABLE POLLUTANTS

The pollutants which are decomposed by natural biological agents are called biodegradable pollutants.

Example includes vegetable peels.

The pollutants which do not compose are called non-biodegradable pollutants .

Example - Plastics

They do not cause much harm because they are rendered

They cause harm to environment and animals.

After degradation, they can be used to produce biogas, manure, fertilisers, compost.

As their degradation rate is slow and the separation and recycling are not easy and expensive too.

Q ) What are man made pollutant? Give examples. 

Ans - Man-made pollutants are the pollutants realeased into the environment by human actions such as consumption, waste disposal, industrial production, transportation and energy generation.

English 1

Transformation of sentences

Sentences: A sentence is a group of words which makes complete sense.

a. Assertive sentences

b. Imperative sentences

c. Interrogative sentences

d. Exclamatory sentences

Sentences can be changed from one grammatical form to another without changing the meaning of the sentence. This is known as transformation of sentences.

Exercise 5.

Interchange of Interrogative, Exclamatory and Assertive sentences:

a. Why waste time in reading cheap magazines? (Interrogative.)

It is extremely foolish to waste time reading cheap magazines.(assertive)

b. Alas! That the youth should pass away!(exclamatory)

It is sad to think that the youth should pass away. ( Assertive)

c. It is a horrible night. (Assertive)

What a horrible night! ( Exclamatory)

d. We were not sent into the world simply to make money. (Assertive)

Were we sent into the world simply to make money? ( Interrogative)

Math

Topic -Algebra.

Chapter –Expansions

Study item : Solved sums from exercise 3.2

25) If x2 + 1/25x2 = 8 3/5 =43/5 , find x+ 1/5x

Solution : x2 + 1/25x2 = 43/5

Or, (x)2 + (1/5x)2 = 43/5

Or, (x + 1/5x )2– 2.x.1/5x = 43/5

Or, ( x + 1/5x)2 = 43/5 + 2/5

= 43+2/5

=45/5= 9

Therefore, x + 1/5x = +/- √9

= +/- 3

27) If a2-3a +1 = 0 , find (i) a2 + 1/a2 (ii) a3+ 1/a3

Solution : a2 -3a +1 =0

Or, a2 + 1 = 3a

Or, a2 + 1/a = 3a/a

Or, a2/a + 1/a = 3

Or, a + 1/a = 3 ………..(p)

(i)a2 + 1/a2 = (a)2 + (1/a)2

= (a + 1/a)2– 2.a.1/a

= (3)2 – 2 [from (p) we get ]

= 9 – 2 =7

(ii)a3 + 1/a3= (a)3+ (1/a)3

= (a + 1/a)3 – 3.a.1/a(a + 1/a )

= (3)3–3(3) [from (p) we get ]

= 27 – 9= 18

28) If a = 1/a-5 , find (i) a – 1/a (ii) a + 1/a (iii) a2-1/a2

Solution : (i) a = 1/a- 5

Or, a-5 = 1/a

Or, a- 1/a = 5 …….(p)

(ii) (a + 1/a )2 = (a – 1/a )2 + 4.a.1/a

= (5)2 +4

= 25 + 4

= 29

Therefore, a + 1/a = +/- 29 ………. (Q)

(iii) a2 – 1/a2 = (a)2 – (1/a)2

= (a + 1/a)(a -1/a)

= (+29)(5) [when, a+1/a = +29 ]

= +145

OR, a2- 1/a2 =(- 29)(5) [when, a -1/a = -29]

= - 145

29) If (x + 1/x )2 =3, find x3 + 1/x3

Solution : x3 + 1/x3

= (x + 1/x )3 – 3.x.1/x ( x + 1/x)

= ( x + 1/x)3 – 3 (x + 1/x )

= (x + 1/x ){(x + 1/x )2 – 3}

= ( x + 1/x )(3 – 3)

= (x + 1/x ) ×0

= 0

Commercial Studies

Classification of commercial organisation. (Chapter 4)

In this chapter we will come to know about the meaning of commercial organisations and the classification of commercial organisations based on ownership

Meaning of commercial organisations

Classification of commercial organisation based on ownership.

Definition of commercial organisations:

Organisations which undertake commercial activities are known as commercial organisations. Their main motive is to earn money. Commercial organisations maybe micro, small, medium or large . These may be owned by one or more individuals.

Classification of commercial organisations based on ownership .

On the basis of ownership commercial organisations are classified as follows :

1.Private sector enterprise

2.Public sector enterprises

3.Joint sector enterprises.

•Private sector enterprises -These undertakings are owned, controlled and financed by private Businessman. There is no government participation in them. The main motive of private sector undertakings is to earn profits.

Example:Big Bazaar, Tata Motors, any kind of sole proprietorship business, partnership business etc.

• Public sector enterprises:Enterprises which are owned and operated by the central and state governments are known as public sector enterprises. Their main motive is to provide service and not to earn profit. Example:State Bank of India, Air India,Indraprastha Gas Limited etc.

• Joint sector enterprises:These consist of business undertaking wherein ownership, control and management is shared jointly by the government, the private entrepreneurs and the public at large .Example :Indian Oil Corporation , Cochin Refineries and Gujarat state fertilisers.

Economics

Mixed Economy (chapter 3)

Today I am going to share merits and demerits of mixed economy . In last study material I have already shared meaning and features of mixed economy .

Merits of mixed economy :

•Proper allocation of resources

•Social interest and welfare

•Good compromise between capitalism and socialism

•Fast economic growth

•Balanced growth.

Demerits of mixed economy:

•Instability

•Uncoordinated system

•Economic fluctuations

•Uncertainty

•Loss of efficiency

Questions

1) Mention briefly the merits of mixed economy .

Answer ) The main merits of mixed economy are:

1.It ensures proper allocation of resources .

2. Itensures economic stability.

3. It is a flexible economic system.

4. It result in first economic growth .

5. It ensures balanced growth.

2) Mention briefly the demerits of mixed economy .

Answer) Following are the demerits of mixed economy:

1.It cannot continue for long.

2.Private sector may not be able to function efficiently because of excessive state controls.

3.The management in the public sector is not very efficient .

4.Ownership of capital and freedom results in inequality of income in society.

3) “India is known as a mixed economy”.Explain

Answer) InIndustrial policies of 1948 and 1956 and 1991 provision have been made by the government of India for coexistence of capitalism and socialism in India. According to this provision some strategy, basic and heavy industries are being run under the public sector. On the other hand the private sector is not completely free in its operation. The government control and regulate this sector through its various industrial, monetary and fiscal policies .Thus there is a co-existence of both private and public sectors in the country which form Indian economy as a Mixed economy.

Moreover, adoption of economic planning in 1951by our economy has been considered as one of the important characteristics of mixed economy.

History & Civics

TOPIC- EARLY VEDIC CIVILIZATION

SUB TOPIC- 1.THE EARLY VEDIC SOCIETY

2. THE RIG VEDIC ECONOMY

THE EARLY VEDIC SOCIETY: The society of Rig Vedic age was simple.

1. The Family:

* The family was the smallest unit of the society.

* The Grihapati dominated in family and social life.

*The joint family system was prevalent.

* Houses were built of wood or reed.

2.Position of women:

*Women had the right to study the Vedas.

* Ghosha and Apala were composer of Vedic hymns.

* Legally, the women were under the control of men.

* child marriage , the sati system and purdah system did not exist among them.

* women had their freedom in the choice of their husband.

* Monogamy was the usual practice but polygamy was also practiced by many.

* Women attended all the social functions and gathering.

3.The four fold Varna system: according to one hymn in the last book of the Rig Veda, the society was divided into four classes

1. The Brahmins- explained the Vedic texts and performed the religious ceremony.

2. The Kshatriyas -belonged to the ruling class.

3.The Vaisyas- engaged in trade ,agriculture and industry

4. The Sudras-servants and labourers.

THE RIG VEDIC ECONOMY:

1. Agriculture:*The Rig Vedic Aryans lived in villages.

*Agriculture was their important occupation.

*Only grain referred to Rig veda was Yava.

DOMESTICATION OF ANIMAL:

*Pastoralism or animal husbandry was the most important means of livelihood.

*Cows were their principal weaith.

*The word Gomat was used as a wealthy person.

*Horses were also important.

*Other domesticated animals were the ox ,the dog, the goat and the sheep.

THE CRAFTS:

*Men and women were engaged in weaving cloth.

*The metal Ayas were used which means copper and bronze.

TRADE TRANSACTION:

The people were engaged in trade.

*Clothes and leather were main items.

*Barter system was practiced for trade .

*The cow was the standard unit of value.

QUESTION: 1. Who dominated in the family in Rig Vedic Age?

ANSWER: Grihapati dominated in the family of Rig Vedic Age.

QUESTION:2. What was the position of women in Rig Vedic Age?

ANSWER:

Women were treated as equal with men. They took a part in religious rites. Women had right to choice of their husband. The Sati system, child marriage , Purdah system did not exist

among the Aryans

QUESTION:3.

What were the two main occupation of the Rig Vedic Aryans?

ANSWER- Agriculture., pastoralism or animal husbandry.

QUESTION:4 What was the smallest unit of the society?

ANSWER-The family was the smallest unit of the society.

QUESTION:5. In which occupation were women specially engaged?

ANSWER: Women were specially engaged in weaving cloth ,embroidery and dyeing.

QUESTION 6. Name any two of the four Varnas.

ANSWER: 1. The Brahmins

2. The Kshatriyas.

Physics

Motion in 1D (Summary)

First go through previous notes. Now here we will solve some numerical related to that.

Question 43

A car starting from rest acquires a velocity 180m s-1 in 0.05 h. Find the acceleration.

Solution 43

Here, final velocity = 180 m/s

Initial velocity = 0 m/s

Time taken = 0.05 h or 180 s

Acceleration = (Final Velocity - Initial Velocity)/time

 = (180-0)/180 m s-2

 = 1 m s-2

Question 44

A body is moving vertically upwards. Its velocity changes at a constant rate from 50 m s-1 to 20 m s-1 in 3 s. What is its acceleration?

Solution 44

Here, final velocity = 20 m/s

Initial velocity = 50 m/s

Time taken = 3 s

Acceleration = (Final Velocity - Initial Velocity)/time

 = (20 - 50)/3 m/s-2

 = -10 m/s

Negative sign here indicates that the velocity decreases with time, so retardation is 10 m/s.

 

Question 45

A toy car initially moving with uniform velocity of 18 km h-1 comes to a stop in 2 s. Find the retardation of the car in S.I. units.

Solution 45

Here, final velocity = 18 km/h or 5 m/s

Initial velocity = 0 km/h

Time taken = 2 s

Acceleration = (Final Velocity - Initial Velocity)/time

 = (5 - 0) / 2 m s-2

 = 2.5 m s-2

Biology

Chp- 3 : Tissue

Today we discuss other two types of animal tissues. Muscular tissue made up of three types of cells. We discuss a comparative study of them. Nervous tissue is made up of two types cells:

i) Neuroglial or gial cells (50%) – only structural unit , have capability to divide. ii) Neuron – (50%): structural and functional unit. These cells loose the capability to divide after birth.

Q9. Compare three types of muscular tissues.

Nonstriated

Striated

Cardiac

i) Found in the wall of alimentary canal, urinary bladder, blood vessels,etc.

ii) Long and spindle –shaped .

iii) One cell has one nucleus.

iv) Innervated from autonomic nervous system.

v)Involuntary.

i) Found attached to skeleton.

ii) Long and cylindrical, unbranched.

iii) One cell has many nucleus.

iv) Innervated from central nervous system.

v) Voluntary.

i) Found only in heart.

ii) Short and cylindrical, branched.

iii) One cell contain one or many nucleus.

iv) Innervated by nerves from central and autonomic nervous system.

v) Involuntary.

Q10. Name the kinds of cells found in the following places:

a) Surface of the human skin – Epithelial tissue.

b) Salivary gland –Cuboidal epithelium.

c) Brain –Nervous tissue.

d) Inner linning of the wind pipe –Ciliated columner epithelium.

Demerits of mixed economy

Instability

Uncoordinated System

Economic Fluctuations

Uncertainty

Loss Of Efficiency

Commercial Organisations

1. Private sector enterprise

2. Public sector enterprises

3. Joint sector enterprises.

Merits Of Mixed Economy

Proper allocation of resources

Social interest and welfare

Good compromise between capitalism and socialism

Fast economic growth

Balanced growth.