Final Exam American History 2014

Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Which of the following was a characteristic of the change in politics reflected by the campaign of 1840?a. Candidates focused on their educational backgrounds to appeal to voters.b. Both parties cooperated in the interest of national unity.c. The Whigs publicized the western origin of their candidate, William Henry Harrison.d. Neither party spoke negatively of their opponent.

____ 2. Which of the following Supreme Court decisions upheld the Congressional power of regulating interstate commerce?a. Marbury v. Madison c. McCulloch v. Marylandb. Dartmouth College v. Woodward d. Gibbons v. Ogden

____ 3. What agreement resulted in the United States taking possession of Florida?a. the Monroe Doctrine c. the Adams-Onís Treatyb. McCullough v. Maryland d. Gibbons v. Ogden

____ 4. Which of the following did Jackson think favored the wealthy?a. the national debt c. the National Bankb. the right to vote d. the Indian Removal Act

____ 5. If you lived in the early 1800s, which of these people would you NOT meet?a. a bride c. a female town mayorb. a woman with three children d. a farm wife

____ 6. Which of the following expresses an attitude about abolition held by some northern workers?a. They supported it because it would hurt the women’s rights movement.b. They were against it because they feared that former slaves would take their jobs.c. They welcomed it because it meant that more men and women would vote in elections.d. They worried that it would result in overcrowded schools.

Directions: Use the map and your knowledge of social studies to answer the questions.

____ 7. Which routes do you think carried the least risk?a. routes that passed through two southern states and one northern stateb. routes that started near the coast and continued on the oceanc. routes that started in the deep south and went northd. routes that went south

____ 8. If you believe in free will, you believe thata. Everyone is created equal.b. People can make their lives and their society better.c. Women should have the right to vote.d. American artists should follow the styles of European artists.

____ 9. In the mid-1800s, a woman coulda. receive a college education.b. easily become a doctor.c. vote in a presidential election.d. be married and own property in any state.

____ 10. Which of the following might have been said by someone in the women’s rights movement?a. “Women should have the same educational opportunities as men.”b. “Women don’t need to be educated because they don’t vote.”c. “Having an education won’t help a woman be a good mother.”d. “A woman who wants an education isn’t a good wife.”

Directions: Use the quotation and your knowledge of social studies to answer the questions.

“Let [each person] step to the music he hears.” — Henry David Thoreau, 1854

____ 11. From which of the following literary works is this quotation most likely taken?a. Leaves of Grass c. Waldenb. Moby Dick d. The Scarlet Letter

____ 12. The new federal government in America took actions that would set an example for the future. In George Washington’s words, these exemplary actions “will serve to establish aa. procedure.” c. policy.”b. precursor.” d. precedent.”

____ 13. Which of the following issues did not divide Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson?a. how to address the national debtb. how to repay the value of bondsc. whether or not to move the capitald. whether or not to limit the federal government

____ 14. The national debt can best be defined as the amount of money oweda. to the nation by the nation’s citizens and by foreign countries.b. by the nation to foreign countries and the nation’s citizens.c. to the federal government by individual states.d. by the federal government to domestic debtors.

____ 15. Which of the following actions was not part of Alexander Hamilton’s economic plan?a. consolidating the debt from the Revolutionary Warb. taxing domestic goods and adding tariffs to foreign importsc. using the national mint to add more cash to the economyd. repaying the value of war bonds to increase trust in the economy

____ 16. Alexander Hamilton stood for a flexible reading of the Constitution, but Thomas Jefferson stood fora. loose construction. c. strict construction.b. soft construction. d. tight construction.

____ 17. According to Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, what was the most serious flaw in Alexander Hamilton’s plan for a national bank?a. The federal government lacked the authority to create a national bank, making the bank

unconstitutional.b. Keeping the nation’s money in one place would create unnecessary risk, endangering the

economy in case of foreign attack or natural disaster.c. A national bank would put private moneylenders out of business, giving the federal

government an unfair monopoly on granting loans.d. A national bank would rob the states of power, leading to friction between the states and

the federal government.____ 18. Why was it important for the new United States to have a national bank?

a. to secure the national economy c. to provide for military defensesb. to issue its own money d. to pay off the national debt

____ 19. Economically speaking, Thomas Jefferson might agree most with which of the following ideas?a. Entrepreneurs are the key to America’s success, so the government should award prizes to

those who make the best products.b. Agriculture is the backbone of the economy, as the production of goods domestically

ensures America’s independence.c. American farmers are essential to economic stability, so tariffs should be raised on foreign

goods for the sake of protecting American crops.d. The wealthy have had the most success, so their contributions should be given priority

when making policy decisions.

____ 20. George Washington’s statement that America would not take sides in disputes between warring European countries was calleda. the Swiss Pact. c. the Peace Treaty of 1793.b. the Neutrality Proclamation. d. Pinckney’s Treaty.

____ 21. Why did some members of Congress criticize George Washington’s pronouncement about staying out of disputes between European countries?a. They felt the president was overstepping the bounds of his authority and wanted to enforce

the separation of powers.b. They felt there was a clear favorite in the dispute between France and Great Britain and

wanted to express their sympathies.c. They felt it would be best for national security if the United States forged clear alliances

with foreign nations.d. They felt that the president’s idea was sensible, but that the executive branch should have

to answer to the legislative branch.____ 22. In the 1790s, the United States signed a number of treaties that would outline its boundaries and expand its

territories. Which of the following is such a treaty?a. The Treaty of Little Turtleb. The Treaty of the Northwest Territoriesc. The Treaty of Greenvilled. The Treaty of Bastille

____ 23. Which statement best expresses George Washington’s attitude toward Jay’s Treaty?a. He did not like it but believed it was the most that could be done.b. He urged the Senate not to approve it in hopes of a better compromise.c. He felt it was the best possible solution to the British threat to U.S. neutrality.d. He was glad to pay off the country’s pre-Revolutionary debts to the British.

____ 24. Pinckney’s Treaty addressed American settlers’ disputes over the Florida border with which country?a. France c. Spainb. Britain d. Mexico

____ 25. The greatest threat to American expansion into the Northwest Territories wasa. diseases, such as smallpox and influenza, spread by American Indians.b. American Indian tribes supplied with guns and ammunition by the British.c. Americans’ inability to counter attacks on supply lines into the territories.d. Americans’ inability to cope with harsh winter conditions and inadequate forts.

____ 26. Which statement expresses the most important reason for the U.S. government’s treaty with the American Indians in the Northwest Territories?a. The U.S. needed to establish a right of entry in order to expand.b. The U.S. needed a guarantee of safety from the American Indians.c. The American Indians needed $20,000 in goods to continue trade with the U.S.d. The American Indians needed formal recognition of their claims to the land.

____ 27. How did the Whiskey Rebellion end?a. Tax collectors tarred and feathered the rebels before Washington’s army arrived.b. The rebels hid their stores of whiskey before Washington’s army arrived.c. Most of the rebels fled before Washington’s army arrived.d. Most of the rebels formed a militia and battled Washington’s army.

____ 28. In George Washington’s farewell address, he did not warn against which of the following dangers?a. making foreign alliancesb. burdening future generations with debtc. increasing political conflicts at homed. maintaining the institution of slavery

____ 29. Which of these slogans might a Federalist have shouted at a party rally?a. Central Government over All! c. Power to the People!b. States Rule! d. Jefferson for President!

____ 30. The presidential election of 1796 differed from prior American elections because there werea. conventions. c. multiple candidates.b. debates. d. Democrats and Republicans.

____ 31. The first political party division in the United States was betweena. Democrats and Republicans.b. Liberals and Conservatives.c. Democratic-Republicans and Federalists.d. Federalists and Royalists.

____ 32. Who became vice president as a result of the 1796 election?a. Jefferson c. Madisonb. Adams d. Hamilton

____ 33. Alexander Hamilton helped found the Federalist Party, which wanted to limita. industry. c. federal government power.b. trade. d. state government power.

____ 34. The Republicans took control from the Federalists in 1800 as a result of popular distaste for the Alien and Sedition Acts, which limited all except which of the following freedoms?a. speech c. expressionb. press d. religion

____ 35. The Alien and Sedition Acts were supported by the Federalists as a way toa. protect the country from Republican critics.b. limit government power over foreigners and citizens who criticized the government.c. imprison foreigners and journalists.d. punish French speakers.

____ 36. Republicans’ main criticism of the Alien and Sedition Acts was that theya. gave too much power to the national government and interfered with state government.b. took too many rights, such as freedom of speech, away from foreigners.c. went against the American policy of neutrality.d. forced the press to publish falsehoods.

____ 37. During the presidency of John Quincy Adams, three French agents would discuss a treaty with the U.S. only in exchange for a bribe. The incident came to be known as thea. ABC Talks. c. XYZ Event.b. ABC Incident. d. XYZ Affair.

____ 38. Which best describes President John Adams’s attitude toward going to war with France?a. He was eager to go to war despite the cost.b. He wanted war, but would not declare it without congressional approval.c. He thought war might be unavoidable and gave up on hopes for a treaty.d. He refused to declare war despite protests by members of his own party.

____ 39. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions were put forward by which leaders?a. Hamilton and Madison c. Adams and Jeffersonb. Jefferson and Madison d. Adams and Hamilton

____ 40. Which statement best presents reasoning the authors of the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions might have used when deciding to challenge the Alien and Sedition Acts?a. The Acts must end because their ban on criticism of the Federalist government reduces our

chances of turning voters against the current administration and toward our party.b. The Acts must end because they threaten the very freedom this country promises in the

Constitution, for which the Revolution was fought and for which Republicans stand.

c. Party loyalty aside, the president is given too much control by the Acts, threatening the separation of powers and raising the issue of constitutionality.

d. Federalism has gone too far with these Acts, and must be checked for good by granting states the right to ignore unconstitutional laws passed by the federal government.

____ 41. “Loose construction” is best defined asa. the idea that the parts of the Constitution need not be interpreted in the context of the

whole.b. the interpretation that says the federal government can take reasonable actions in special

cases as long as they are not specifically forbidden by the Constitution.c. the notion that there is an elasticity to the Constitution that allows politicians to stretch it

in order to deal with any new situation.d. the position that says the Constitution allows only necessary means to deal with new

situations and should not be stretched merely because politicians find it convenient.____ 42. The Judiciary Act of 1789 was passed by President George Washington to set up a system of federal courts

because he believed thata. the stability and success of the national government depends on the interpretation and

execution of its laws by an independent judicial branch.b. the problems of crime and violence caused by a growing population could be prevented by

extending the reach of the judicial branch.c. with the executive and legislative branches securely in place, the judiciary branch was the

last piece needed to complete the puzzle of a new government.d. when cases of constitutional interpretation arose the executive and legislative branches

would not have time to make good judgments.____ 43. What is the Electoral College?

a. a body of delegates from each state that casts the deciding votes for presidentb. a school for the advanced study of voting practices and political campaigningc. a group of voters hand-picked for cabinet positions by the president-electd. a name given to all voters who cast ballots in presidential elections

____ 44. Which statement best answers the question of whether or not there were political divisions in America in 1789?a. The fact that George Washington was selected unanimously showed that there were

probably no political divisions.b. Public debates over who would serve in George Washington’s cabinet showed that tension

surrounded political appointments.c. George Washington’s passage of the Judiciary Act of 1789 showed that the greatest

struggle was between presidential and legislative authority.d. The splitting of the executive branch into departments showed that social issues divided

the country.____ 45. Which statement best characterizes American farmers in 1790?

a. They were independent people who didn’t want government interfering in their daily lives.b. They were civic-minded people who took every opportunity to organize and participate in

community events.c. They were hard working and generous people who wanted to have their tax money

distributed to those less fortunate.d. They were extremely competitive people and refused to accept any law designed to protect

them from foreign rivals.____ 46. Why did Alexander Hamilton take measures to limit the national bank’s power?

a. He believed in strict construction of the Constitution and didn't believe in the bank.b. He did not want to create a banking monopoly that lasted indefinitely.c. He was not a Federalist.

d. He believed in states’ rights, and wanted the states to have banks of their own.____ 47.

“The nation which indulges [allows] toward another an habitual [regular] hatred or an habitual fondness is in some degree a slave. It is a slave to its animosity [hate] or to its affection, either of which is sufficient [enough] to lead it astray from its duty and its interest.” – George Washington, quoted in The Annals of AmericaWhich statement accurately paraphrases George Washington’s statement?a. In foreign policy, a nation should never have feelings of love or hatred for other nations

and should always pursue its own interests regardless of what other nations do.b. Nations should not practice slavery, otherwise they will create hatred in their neighbors.c. In foreign policy, a nation should not make it a habit to love or hate another nation, as

either attachment will cloud national judgment and lead the nation away from its best interests.

d. Freedom is the highest priority for Americans, and Americans will lose their freedom if they regularly permit foreign nations to dictate American duty and interest.

____ 48. According to George Washington’s Farewell Address, what was the key to national success?a. political unity c. economic securityb. neutrality in foreign policy d. checks and balances

____ 49. All of the following documents had an impact on the framing of the Constitution EXCEPT thea. Magna Carta. c. Monroe Doctrine.b. Declaration of Independence. d. English Bill of Rights.

____ 50. Which of the following is most responsible for hiring garbage collectors and firefighters?a. the federal government c. state governmentsb. local governments d. private individuals

____ 51. The Bill of Rightsa. is the name given to the first ten amendments to the Constitution.b. addresses the freedoms guaranteed to all citizens.c. contains an amendment that establishes a citizen’s right to bear arms.d. all of the above.

____ 52. The function of the Articles of the Constitution is toa. make an opening statement.b. define responsibilities of citizenship.c. define the goals of the Constitution.d. establish the framework of government.

Directions: Use the quotation and your knowledge of social studies to answer the questions.

Thomas Jefferson, 1798 “They have brought into the lower house a sedition bill, which . . . undertake to make printing certain matters criminal. . . . Indeed this bill and the alien bill both are so [against] the Constitution as to show they mean to pay no respect to it.”

____ 53. What are the “certain matters” that Jefferson is referring to in this quote?a. printing editorials in favor of the French Revolutionb. printing bondsc. printing more moneyd. printing criticism of the government

____ 54. Which of the following individuals had the greatest impact on the economic policy of the Washington administration?

a. Alexander Hamilton c. Henry Knoxb. John Adams d. Thomas Jefferson

Directions: Use this map and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following questions.

____ 55. Which statement is BEST supported by the map?a. Votes throughout the country were evenly split in support of both parties.b. Federalists had strong support in the South.c. Republicans received no votes in the North.d. Federalists won the election.

____ 56. What does the map illustrate about growing political tensions in the nation?a. Voters in every region agreed on the direction the nation should take.b. Voters followed George Washington’s warning against the formation of political parties.c. Different interests and political views were dividing regions of the country.d. Southern voters protested Federalist policies by refusing to vote in the election.

____ 57. Which of the following was part of the Missouri Compromise?a. Slave owners would not be allowed to pursue slaves who escaped to “free” territory.b. The Louisiana Territory north of the southern border of Missouri would be free of slavery.c. All children born to enslaved people in Missouri would be free.d. No additional slaves could be brought into Missouri after its admission to the Union as a

slave state.____ 58. Which of the following opinions would a nativist be most likely to express?

a. “The knowledge gained from studying other cultures is valuable.”b. “America belongs only to white Protestants born in the United States.c. “Citizens of the United States should be proud of this country’s history of welcoming

immigrants.”d. “We should seek to promote equal opportunity for all people.”

____ 59. Robert Fulton is known as the inventor of which of the following?a. rifle c. telephoneb. steam engine d. steamboat

____ 60. Which of the following was NOT a result of the invention of the cotton gin?a. Cotton profits increased enormously.b. Cotton growers used profits to build more textile mills.c. Cotton production increases required more slaves.d. Cotton plantations extended as far west as Texas.

____ 61. Which of the following was NOT a reason for immigration to the United States during this period?a. famine in foreign countries c. cheap land in the United Statesb. revolution in foreign countries d. slavery in the United States

Directions: Use the graph to answer the following questions.

____ 62. Which of the following statements is supported by the information on the graph?a. Irish and German immigration constantly increased between 1840 and 1860.b. Irish and German immigration constantly fell between 1840 and 1860.c. Irish and German immigration stayed at constant levels between 1840 and 1860.d. Irish and German immigration first increased and then fell between 1840 and 1860.

____ 63. When Reconstruction began, Lincoln’s main goal was toa. punish the South for seceding.b. deny African Americans the right to vote.c. quickly restore the Union.d. station federal troops throughout the South.

____ 64. Why did the grandfather clause restrict the voting rights of African Americans, but not the voting rights of illiterate whites?a. It let white voters take an easier literacy test.

b. It said that white voters did not have to pay a poll tax.c. It said that white voters whose grandfathers owned property were automatically eligible to

vote.d. It meant that most white voters did not have to take a literacy test.

Directions: Use the quotation and your knowledge of social studies to answer the questions.

“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”

____ 65. What is the main idea of this statement?a. People have the right to a public trial.b. Slavery is abolished in the United States.c. Everyone who commits a crime will be convicted.d. People who live within the jurisdiction of the United States cannot have servants.

____ 66. Why does this statement include the phrase “or any place subject to their jurisdiction”?a. The North had just regained jurisdiction over Confederate states.b. Congress wanted jurisdiction over any matter pertaining to slavery.c. This statement was meant to apply only to states currently in the Union.d. This statement was meant to apply to any territory controlled by the United States.

____ 67. What was the first duty of the Freedmen’s Bureau?a. to help southern states form new governmentsb. to return former slaves to their mastersc. to provide emergency relief to people displaced by the ward. to write the oath of loyalty to the United States and the Constitution

____ 68. The Ku Klux Klan was created becausea. some whites wanted to make sure everyone had equal rights.b. the number of black voters was declining.c. there were not enough separate but equal facilities for blacks and whites.d. some whites who were angry about losing power resorted to violence.

____ 69. During the Civil War, African American troopsa. fought on the Union side in large numbers.b. were not allowed into battle.c. were very few in number.d. did not face discrimination.

____ 70. Which of the following is remembered for his march to the sea?a. George Meade c. Stonewall Jacksonb. William Sherman d. Joseph Hooker

____ 71. Which of the following statements is true?a. The war might have been shorter if Ulysses S. Grant had been more willing to fight.b. Robert E. Lee believed that his best strategy was to never invade the North.c. Jefferson Davis refused to suspend the right of habeas corpus.d. Abraham Lincoln’s main goal was to reunite the nation.

Directions: Use the chart and your knowledge of social studies to answer the questions.

Situation at Start of Civil War

Heading: Heading: had larger free population fought mostly a defensive

war had greater manufacturing

capability fought for their property

____ 72. Which of the following titles belongs with the right column of the chart?a. Northern Advantages c. Southern Advantagesb. Northern Disadvantages d. Southern Disadvantages

____ 73. Which of the following belongs in the left column of the chart?a. had the resources to keep its armies suppliedb. had the most opportunities to fight on home territoryc. had the military leadership of Robert E. Leed. had the full support of all its people

____ 74. By 1865,a. the South’s economy was strong because the war had helped its industries.b. large parts of the North were destroyed because of invasions by Lee’s army.c. Northern armies were doing very little damage to the South.d. parts of the South lay in ruins because of the North’s strategy of total war.

____ 75. Which adjective best describes the surrender terms that Grant offered Lee?a. vengeful c. unrealisticb. weak d. generous

Directions: Use the map and your knowledge of social studies to answer the questions.

____ 76. What took place at the location labeled B on the map?a. the battle of Vicksburg c. the capture of New Orleansb. the Gettysburg Address d. the fall of Richmond

____ 77. What happened at the location labeled A?a. The Union captured a key Southern fort on the Mississippi River.b. A Union victory stopped a major Confederate invasion of the North.c. A Southern victory put Washington, DC in danger.d. The South broke the Union blockade of its ports.

____ 78. Which of the following was NOT a result of the Lewis and Clark expedition?a. information about plant and animal life in the Westb. a reluctance to explore more of the Louisiana Territoryc. increased knowledge about Native American culturesd. a map showing a new route to the Pacific Ocean

Directions: Use the quotation and your knowledge of social studies to answer the questions.

“This war [of 1812], if carried on successfully, will have its advantages.” —Felix Grundy, Representative from Tennessee, speaking in Congress in December of 1811.

____ 79. Which of the following was probably NOT one of the “advantages” Grundy was hoping for?a. conquest of Canada c. increased trade with Britainb. greater security for Americans d. end of impressment

____ 80. Which of the following was a result of the War of 1812?a. The United States agreed to remain neutral in European wars.b. The United States and Britain agreed to stop fighting.c. The border between Canada and the United States was redrawn.d. New England states left the Union.

____ 81. Thomas Jefferson was uneasy about purchasing the Louisiana Territory becausea. he did not have the constitutional power to buy land from another country.b. he worried about angering farmers who shipped their crops to New Orleans.c. he did not trust Monroe and Livingston to make a favorable deal.d. he worried that the land in the territory would be of poor quality.

____ 82. Which of the following is an example of judicial review?a. Congress votes to approve a Supreme Court appointment.b. A newspaper editorial criticizes a Supreme Court decision.c. A decision by a lower court is appealed to the Supreme Court.d. The Supreme Court rules that a new law violates the Constitution.

____ 83. Which action BEST reflects Jefferson’s determination to reduce the size and power of the federal government?a. He kept the National Bank open.b. He cut federal spending.c. He continued to pay off the national debt.d. He allowed many Federalists to keep their government jobs.

Directions: Use this map and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following questions.

____ 84. Which statement is BEST supported by the information on the map?a. The British won major victories at the battles shown.b. No major battles took place west of New York.c. The United States won victories at the battles shown.d. Each side suffered a major loss at one of the battles shown.

____ 85. How did the South react to Abraham Lincoln’s election as President in 1860?a. To save the Union, Southern leaders agreed to support the new President.b. North Carolina and Virginia seceded, followed by South Carolina.c. Seven Southern states seceded and formed the Confederate States of America.d. Southern leaders called for a new presidential election to be held in the spring.

____ 86. Which of the following was a result of the Wilmot Proviso?a. Some Democrats and Whigs formed the Free Soil Party.b. Southerners became increasingly concerned that the North was trying to end slavery in the

United States.c. The issue of slavery in new territories gained from Mexico was left undecided.d. All of the above

Directions: Use the quotation and your knowledge of social studies to answer the questions.

chorus from “John Brown’s Body,” a folk song“John Brown’s body lies a-mouldering in the grave,But his soul goes marching on.”

____ 87. Which of the following best paraphrases the meaning of the quote?a. John Brown’s crusade ended with his death.b. John Brown’s efforts to end slavery were in vain.c. John Brown’s spirit inspired other abolitionists.d. John Brown deserved his punishment.

____ 88. Which statement BEST describes the results of the presidential election of 1860?

a. Regional attitudes toward slavery played a small role in the outcome.b. Regional attitudes toward slavery decided the outcome.c. Moderate voters who wanted a compromise on slavery determined the winner.d. National unity led to a landslide victory for the Republican candidate.

____ 89. In the Lincoln-Douglas debates, Abraham Lincolna. supported the idea of popular sovereignty.b. gained support that helped him defeat Douglas for the Senate in 1858.c. insisted that the territories be kept free from slavery.d. supported the Fugitive Slave Act.

____ 90. California entered the Union as a free state in thea. Wilmot Proviso. c. Compromise of 1850.b. the Missouri Compromise. d. Kansas-Nebraska Act.

____ 91. Why did American settlers in Texas come into conflict with Mexico in the 1830s?a. Settlers wanted more representation in the Mexican legislature.b. Mexico wanted to sell Texas to Spain.c. Mexico feared losing Texas to the United States.d. Settlers wanted to outlaw slavery.

____ 92. Women in the West often had more rights than women in other regions of the United States becausea. their labor was needed for their families to survive.b. they could negotiate treaties.c. they could vote and run for office.d. their labor was more important than men’s.

____ 93. How was Texas admitted to the Union?a. The President issued an executive order accepting the annexation treaty.b. Congress passed a joint resolution accepting the annexation treaty.c. Mexico sold Texas to the United States.d. Sam Houston forced Mexico to give Texas to the United States.

____ 94. Which statement BEST explains why California developed a diverse population?a. Many English-speaking settlers migrated there from eastern states.b. Many Chinese people migrated there to work on the railroad.c. State laws banning racial discrimination attracted many African Americans.d. Gold seekers came from all over the world and became permanent residents.

____ 95. What is the significance of the siege at the Alamo?a. The siege ended when Texan soldiers defeated Santa Anna, ending the Mexican-American

War.b. The heroism of Mexican soldiers during the siege inspired many Mexicans to join Santa

Anna’s army.c. It was the attack which officially began the Mexican-American War.d. It was the site where Texans were overrun by Mexican troops, inspiring many Americans

to volunteer for the Texan army.____ 96. The “mountain men” of the Oregon Territory were

a. fishermen. c. trappers.b. miners. d. ranchers.

____ 97. The issue of water rights was important in early California becausea. much of California is desert with very little water.b. there was so much water that lands were often flooded.c. landowners were required to share water with nearby towns.d. prospectors often poisoned wells in order to lower the price of land.

____ 98. Which of the following statements about New Spain is true?

a. The Spanish and the Native Americans borrowed language, foods, and customs from each other.

b. The Spanish and the Native Americans both opposed slavery.c. The Spanish and the Native Americans shared political power in California.d. The Spanish and the Native Americans were constantly at war with each other.

____ 99. Which of the following did the United States acquire as a result of the Mexican-American War?a. Oregon c. New Mexicob. North Dakota d. Washington

Directions: Use the map and your knowledge of social studies to answer the questions.

____ 100. Who were the first travelers along this route?a. farmers c. tradersb. fur trappers d. mountain men

Essay

101. Using your knowledge of how amendments are added to the United States Constitution, write an essay in which you propose either that the process for adding amendments should be simplified or that the process should remain as it is now. Remember to support your arguments with facts from the text and logical reasoning.

102. Analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution on the United States. Then, explain the economic changes it brought to the nation, its impact on women and daily life, and its impact on population trends.

103. Discuss the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments. What did each one accomplish? Why was each one important? Support your ideas with examples from the text.

104. Discuss the role of African Americans in the Civil War. In what ways was their fate tied to the war? How did they contribute to the war? Support your ideas with examples from the text.

105. Explain how the Dred Scott decision widened the gap between the North and the South. In your opinion, was the Dred Scott decision one of the most important Supreme Court decisions in history? Give specifics to support your argument.

Short Answer

106. The Whiskey Rebellion occurred because farmers in areas such as western Pennsylvania were angry. What was the most direct cause of their anger?

107. What measures did Alexander Hamilton take to limit the national bank’s power? Why?

108. “‘Democracy’ is supposed to mean one vote per man, not one vote per state.” A citizen in America’s new democracy might have made such a complaint about what?

109. How did Alexander Hamilton propose to raise prices on foreign products? Why did he do so?

110. PRACTICING SOCIAL STUDIES SKILLSStudy the map below and answer the question that follows.

This map shows the outcome of which treaty?

Final Exam American History 2014Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 367OBJ: 3.10.5.4 TOP: Political systems and William Henry Harrison

2. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 344OBJ: 3.10.2.3 STA: HIS.7B.57 | HIS.7B.60 TOP: History and Supreme Court

3. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 345OBJ: 3.10.2.1 STA: HIS.7B.57 | HIS.7B.63 TOP: Global interaction and Florida

4. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 352OBJ: 3.10.3.2 STA: HIS.7B.65 TOP: Economy and Andrew Jackson

5. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 427OBJ: 4.12.3.1 STA: HIS.7B.72 TOP: Social systems and women’s rights

6. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 426OBJ: 4.12.2.4 STA: HIS.7B.68 TOP: History and abolition

7. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 424OBJ: 4.12.2.2 STA: HIS.7A.47 | HIS.7B.67 | HIS.7B.71TOP: Geography and Underground Railroad

8. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 416OBJ: 4.12.1.1 STA: HIS.7B.67 | HIS.7B.72TOP: Culture and Second Great Awakening

9. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 429OBJ: 4.12.3.3 STA: HIS.7B.72 TOP: Social systems and women’s rights

10. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 429OBJ: 4.12.3.3 STA: HIS.7B.72 TOP: Social systems and women’s rights

11. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: 433OBJ: 4.12.4.2 TOP: Culture and art and literature

12. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 7.1.213. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 7.2.214. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 7.2.115. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 7.2.116. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 7.2.217. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 7.2.2 | 7.2.318. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 3 OBJ: 7.2.319. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 OBJ: 7.2.220. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 7.3.121. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 7.3.122. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 7.3.223. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 7.3.224. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 7.3.225. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 7.3.226. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 3 OBJ: 7.3.227. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 7.3.228. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 7.3.329. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 3 OBJ: 7.4.1

30. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 7.4.131. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 7.4.132. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 7.4.233. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 7.4.134. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 7.4.335. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 7.4.336. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 7.4.337. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 7.4.238. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 7.4.239. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 7.4.340. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3 OBJ: 7.4.341. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 OBJ: 7.2.242. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 3 OBJ: 7.1.243. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 7.1.144. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 7.1.145. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 3 OBJ: 7.1.346. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 OBJ: 7.2.347. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3 OBJ: 7.3.348. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 7.3.349. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 252 | 253

TOP: Political systems and Constitution50. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 269

TOP: Political systems and local government51. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 265

TOP: Political systems and Bill of Rights52. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 254

TOP: Political systems and Constitution53. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 301

OBJ: 3.8.4.3 STA: HIS.7B.57 TOP: History and Sedition Act54. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: 290

OBJ: 3.8.2.1 STA: HIS.7B.54 | HIS.7B.57TOP: Economics and Alexander Hamilton

55. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 293OBJ: 3.8.2.3 STA: HIS.7B.57 TOP: History and election of 1796

56. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: 290OBJ: 3.8.2.1 STA: HIS.7B.54 | HIS.7B.57TOP: Political systems and election of 1796

57. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 404OBJ: 4.11.4.3 STA: HIS.7B.68 TOP: History and Missouri Compromise

58. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: 394OBJ: 4.11.2.4 STA: HIS.7B.68 | HIS.7B.69 TOP: Diversity and immigration

59. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 393OBJ: 4.11.2.4 STA: HIS.7B.68 | HIS.7B.69TOP: Technology and Industrial Revolution

60. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 396OBJ: 4.11.3.1 STA: HIS.7B.66 | HIS.7B.68 TOP: Technology and cotton gin

61. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 393 | 394OBJ: 4.11.2.4 | 4.11.2.5 STA: HIS.7B.68 | HIS.7B.69 | HIS.7B.68

TOP: Global interaction and immigration62. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 394

OBJ: 4.11.2.4 STA: HIS.7B.68 | HIS.7B.69 TOP: Diversity and immigration63. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 546

OBJ: 5.16.1.1 STA: HIS.7B.76 TOP: History and Reconstruction64. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 560

OBJ: 5.16.3.2 STA: HIS.7B.76 | HIS.7B.81TOP: Social systems and post-Reconstruction

65. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 552OBJ: 5.16.2.1 STA: HIS.7B.76 | HIS.7B.79 TOP: History and Thirteenth Amendment

66. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: 552OBJ: 5.16.2.1 STA: HIS.7B.76 | HIS.7B.79 TOP: History and Thirteenth Amendment

67. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 548OBJ: 5.16.1.1 STA: HIS.7B.76 TOP: History and Freedmen’s Bureau

68. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 557OBJ: 5.16.2.4 STA: HIS.7B.76 | HIS.7B.81TOP: Power and conflict and Ku Klux Klan

69. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 527OBJ: 5.15.3.3 STA: HIS.7B.76 TOP: Diversity and Civil War

70. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 524OBJ: 5.15.3.1 STA: HIS.7A.47 | HIS.7B.76 | HIS.7B.77TOP: Impact of individual and William Sherman

71. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 524OBJ: 5.15.3.1 STA: HIS.7A.47 | HIS.7B.76 | HIS.7B.77TOP: Impact of individual and Abraham Lincoln

72. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 514OBJ: 5.15.1.2 STA: HIS.7B.73 | HIS.7B.76 TOP: History and Civil War

73. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 514OBJ: 5.15.1.2 STA: HIS.7B.73 | HIS.7B.76 TOP: History and Civil War

74. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 536OBJ: 5.15.5.3 STA: HIS.7B.76 TOP: Power and conflict and Civil War

75. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 537OBJ: 5.15.5.3 STA: HIS.7B.76 TOP: Impact of individual and Ulysses S. Grant

76. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 535OBJ: 5.15.5.2 STA: HIS.7B.76 TOP: Geography and Vicksburg

77. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 534OBJ: 5.15.5.1 STA: HIS.7B.76 TOP: Power and conflict and Gettysburg

78. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 317OBJ: 3.9.2.3 STA: HIS.7A.47 | HIS.7B.57TOP: Geography and Lewis and Clark expedition

79. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 327OBJ: 3.9.4.1 STA: HIS.7B.57 TOP: Power and conflict and War of 1812

80. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 331OBJ: 3.9.4.4 STA: HIS.7B.57 | HIS.7B.59 TOP: Global interaction and War of 1812

81. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 316OBJ: 3.9.2.2 STA: HIS.7B.57 | HIS.7B.58TOP: Global interaction and Louisiana Purchase

82. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: 313OBJ: 3.9.1.3 STA: HIS.7B.57 TOP: Political systems and judicial review

83. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 312OBJ: 3.9.1.3 STA: HIS.7B.57 TOP: Impact of individual and Thomas Jefferson

84. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 328OBJ: 3.9.4.2 STA: HIS.7B.57 TOP: Power and conflict and War of 1812

85. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 500OBJ: 5.14.4.1 STA: HIS.7B.73 TOP: Political systems and Confederacy

86. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: 482 | 483OBJ: 5.14.1.1 | 5.14.1.2 STA: HIS.7B.64 TOP: History and Wilmot Proviso

87. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 497OBJ: 5.14.3.4 STA: HIS.7B.68 | HIS.7B.73TOP: Impact of individual and John Brown

88. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 499OBJ: 5.14.4.1 STA: HIS.7B.73 TOP: History and election of 1860

89. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 495 | 496OBJ: 5.14.3.2 | 5.14.3.3 STA: HIS.7B.74 | HIS.7A.45 | HIS.7A.47TOP: Impact of individual and Abraham Lincoln

90. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 484OBJ: 5.14.1.2 STA: HIS.7B.64 TOP: History and Compromise of 1850

91. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 454OBJ: 4.13.3.1 STA: HIS.7B.64 TOP: Power and conflict and Texas

92. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 465OBJ: 4.13.4.2 STA: HIS.7A.46 | HIS.7B.61 TOP: Social system and California

93. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 456OBJ: 4.13.3.2 STA: HIS.7B.64 TOP: Political systems and Texas

94. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 464OBJ: 4.13.4.2 STA: HIS.7A.46 | HIS.7B.61 TOP: Diversity and California Gold Rush

95. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 455OBJ: 4.13.3.1 STA: HIS.7B.64 TOP: Power and conflict and Texas

96. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 449OBJ: 4.13.2.1 STA: HIS.7B.61 TOP: History and mountain men

97. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 464OBJ: 4.13.4.2 STA: HIS.7A.46 | HIS.7B.61 TOP: History and water rights

98. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 446OBJ: 4.13.1.2 STA: HIS.7B.61 TOP: Global interaction and New Spain

99. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy REF: 459OBJ: 4.13.3.4 STA: HIS.7B.61 | HIS.7B.62TOP: History and Mexican-American War

100. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 450OBJ: 4.13.2.2 STA: HIS.7B.61 TOP: Economics and Santa Fe Trail

ESSAY

101. ANS:

Students’ essays should describe the two methods of amending the Constitution: First, the Amendment needs to be proposed, either by a two-thirds vote of the House and the Senate or by a national convention that Congress calls at the request of two thirds of the state legislatures. Similarly, two processes are provided for ratifying the amendment. Either three fourths of all the state legislatures must vote to pass the amendment or the states must call conventions to consider the amendment. If states use the convention method for ratification, three fourths of the state conventions must vote for it. Students who propose to change the process might argue that conditions change much faster today than they did in the past. A cumbersome process might slow down important amendments that are necessary for the good of the country. Those who believe that the process still functions to protect the Constitution might argue that although the Constitution can be amended, any changes must be made slowly in order to avoid repeated alterations that might be made in the heat of the moment or as the result of a fad. The Constitution is too important to be tinkered with whenever a popular idea strikes people’s fancy.

PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: 264TOP: Political systems and the Constitution

102. ANS:Students should recognize that the Industrial Revolution spurred the development of a powerful manufacturing economy. Power supplied by flowing water and steam engines began to replace the power once provided by people and horses. Mass production led to increased production and lower prices. New factories brought many women into the work force. In some factory towns, like Lowell, Massachusetts, young women workers were able to gain an education. As a result of the Industrial Revolution, people began moving from rural areas to cities to work in factories; before long, millions of European immigrants began arriving and found work in the East and Midwest.

PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: 382 | 383 | 385 | 390OBJ: 4.11.1.1 | 4.11.1.2 | 4.11.1.3 | 4.11.2.1STA: HIS.7B.66 | HIS.7A.47 | HIS.7B.66 | HIS.7B.68TOP: Technology and Industrial Revolution

103. ANS:The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery. This amendment had to be passed because the Emancipation Proclamation applied only to areas under Confederate control, and slavery still existed in some parts of the country. It banned forced labor as well as slavery, and gave Congress the power to make laws to enforce its terms. The Fourteenth Amendment stated that all people born or naturalized in the United States are citizens. It also gave African Americans the same rights as people of other races, and declared that states cannot pass laws that take away a citizen’s rights, deny them due process of law, or deny them equal protection of the laws. Congress created this amendment partly in response to the Supreme Court’s Dred Scott decision of 1857, which declared that no one descended from a slave could be a U.S. citizen. The Fourteenth Amendment ultimately had a major impact on this country because it became a powerful tool for enforcing civil rights during the mid-1900s. The Fifteenth Amendment barred states from denying a person the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. This amendment stopped southern states from passing laws that prevented blacks from voting because of their race or because they were once slaves. These amendments were important because they gave all U.S. citizens the same political and civil rights. Although these amendments wouldn’t be fully enforced until the 1960s, without them it would have taken even longer for our nation to achieve the measure of equality we have today.

PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: 552 | 553 | 556OBJ: 5.16.2.1 | 5.16.2.2 | 5.16.2.4STA: HIS.7B.76 | HIS.7B.79 | HIS.7B.76 | HIS.7B.78 | HIS.7B.81 | HIS.7B.76 | HIS.7B.81TOP: History and Constitutional Amendments

104. ANS:

The fate of African Americans was very closely tied to the Civil War. One of the key reasons the South seceded was because it feared that the North would try to end slavery. In this way, from the beginning the war was linked with slavery. As the war went on, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. Though this did not immediately free any slaves, it paved the way for the end of slavery. The Emancipation Proclamation also changed the nature of the war, turning it into a war to stop slavery. This gave African Americans an enormous stake in the war. During the war, the Union accepted African Americans into the army. Although they faced discrimination, African Americans distinguished themselves on the battlefield. It would be many years before African Americans would fully enjoy all the rights that other Americans took for granted, but the Civil War ultimately led to the end of slavery in the United States and brought about circumstances in which African Americans could begin a long struggle to gain full equality.

PTS: 1 DIF: Hard REF: 526 | 527 OBJ: 5.15.3.2 | 5.15.3.3STA: HIS.7A.46 | HIS.7B.76 | HIS.7B.77 | HIS.7B.76 TOP: History and Civil War

105. ANS:The Dred Scott decision pleased the South and angered the North. In the decision, the Court ruled that slaves were property, no matter where they lived in the United States. The ruling also prohibited the federal government from restricting slavery anywhere in the country. The decision reopened the arguments over slavery because it declared acts like the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act unconstitutional. Answers to the second question may vary, but should reflect the students’ understanding that the Dred Scott decision brought the nation one step closer to civil war.

PTS: 1 DIF: Medium REF: 493 OBJ: 5.14.2.2TOP: History and Dred Scott decision

SHORT ANSWER

106. ANS:Congress passed a tax on American-made whiskey. Answers may add that farmers could not afford the tax on whiskey and didn’t understand why they should have to pay taxes on something they made themselves.

PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 7.3.3107. ANS:

Hamilton suggested limiting the charter of the national bank to 20 years. (Congress could decide whether or not to extend it beyond that time.) He also asked each state to start its own bank. He did these things because he did not want to upset supporters of states’ rights, and he did not want to allow the national bank to have a monopoly.

PTS: 1 DIF: 3 OBJ: 7.2.3108. ANS:

the electoral college

PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 7.1.1109. ANS:

Answers may vary. Hamilton wanted to add a tariff to foreign goods, called a protective tariff. He knew higher taxes on foreign goods would make those goods more expensive. He thought higher prices would make Americans buy more U.S. goods. The point was to protect American manufacturers from foreign competition.

PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 7.2.2110. ANS:

Pinckney’s Treaty

PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 7.3.1