Unit 9 History of Editing

1895- Workers leave the lumiere factory filmed by the lumiere brothers this is a simple film by todays standards. This was the film that paved the way for all films to come after if this simple film didn’t get shown or released people wouldn’t have created there own creations.

1896- The film Arrival of a Train is a short film that has a train coming towards the camera, but when the film was shown there are tails of the crowd ducking away from the screen as the train came towards the camera.Both of these films were filmed with a stationary shot that was a wide shot, the camera use was a point and record film camera at this point in time there was no editing used in the films.

1902- A trip to the Moon is a film created by Georges Mêliés which was the first ever Sifi film created and was the first film to use jump cuts and in camera editing this film has a large use of perspective also Mêliés developed editing by cutting film and layering it to create cuts and effects.

1903 –Edwin S. Porter created one of the original western films called the great train robbery, this was the first film to use transitions and different location that were cut between scenes and it also used a rudimentary follow cam also in includes multiple narratives which jump back and forth.

1929- luis Bunuel created films that were made to shock and question what was going on due to the shocking and graphic imagery, use to shock the audience due to the tame nature of films before this was released. This use of this imagery would go on to inspire films today and future creations.

Development of editing techniques.The original way was to cut 16 – 33mm film and splice it together to cut shots this way was very time consuming and would take hours and hours more than todays way of editing digitally. Then in 1917 the Moviola viewing device was created by Iwan Serrurier a Dutch electrical engineer, the device allowed the editor to view the image more clearly and reduced the time taken for editing to be completed, the first divice was sold in 1924. In 2006 the Oscar winner of best editing use this devise. Steembeck created one of the first flat bed editing machines which were much easier to use than Moviola , It worked by having to reels of film and one sound or two sound one picture with stop start buttons. Digital intermediate process in the 2000s companies started to use this proses more and by 2007 70% of Hollywood films went through this proses rather than traditional methods.Reel to Reel video tape editing tis could damage the master tape but this method was tie consuming which is a recurring theme with 16 -33 mm film editing. Multi-Cam filming is were multiple cameras are used to film the same scene for different points of view for dramatic or one time shot.

Live studio editing is used for multi-cam setups and other video sauces are all routed through a central mixing console as the editing is done in real time, e.g. news broadcast and sporting events. Offline and online editing have all of the shots in one place and viewable and to see which ones are usable or need reshooting Linear editing is before digital editing, this is the process of editing the film in the order it is filmed or in the order of the narrative due to the film and its capabilities and limitations.Non-linear Editing is the process of editing the clips as it is filmed no mater the narrative order this is most commonly used in modern digital editing also this process is non destructive which allows you to reuses footage and keep it secure. The lucas film editdroid was developed to edit the star wars franchise non linearly allowing for revolutionary techniques.Programs like Premiere Pro are very portable and easy to use which also a large amount of people to be able to use it.The purpose of editing is to control time, space and rhythm in a film all of these can change the tone of a final product. In the movie the matrix the manipulation of time is used to show how close something is or how serous something is. This allow the audience to feel closer to the action and experience it in great detail.

Transition techniques are used to allow for cuts between shots and scenes e.g. wipes, match on action cut always these allow for clean continuations between shots. There ate different techniques and transitions in editing such as invisible editing were there is a almost useable cut between takes or scenes e.g. were the camera pans to wall and cuts to a new since or the camera zooms in to object than zooms back out. The 180 degree rule is were the characters should keep the same orientation to each other throughout the scene so there is less chance of confusion or continuity errors and allow the scene to have more fluidity and smoothness.

Match on action Is used in scenes where the camera angle changes but is kept in sink with the action, so that there are consistencies in the narrative and smooth dynamic shot changes.This is used to add atmosphere to the scene, if it’s a fight scene it can make the scene more intense and frantic.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3pCs2Z6gMcE

Eye line matchAllow the viewer to see what the actor on screen is viewing at their eye level, allowing the scene to have depth and perception and a personal atmosphere and to allow the scene to have the sense that you’re the person viewing what is going on or what is bing done.

Shot revers shot Is were there is 2 or more characters on screen an the camera changes from one to the other as dialog is said, to allow the view to feel more involved with the convocation and under stand the emotion in the dialog. This can also make the scene more intense.

cut awayA cut away is a technique used to take the viewer away from the main action to a flash back or something else in the narrative that is happening at the same time to allow the viewer to be able know what the characters are on about to keep

fluidity throughout the since or can be a shot of a different part of a action from a different prospective.

Transitions There a lot of different types of transitions to help with sense and camera angle swops to allow there to maximum flow e.g. fade in and out, dissolve and wipes allow for things to transition smoothly from shot to shot. Each transition can give different atmospheres to the production.