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Excel (.xlsb) Binary File Format

Intellectual Property Rights Notice for Open Specifications Documentation

· Technical Documentation. Microsoft publishes Open Specifications documentation (“this documentation”) for protocols, file formats, data portability, computer languages, and standards support. Additionally, overview documents cover inter-protocol relationships and interactions.

· Copyrights. This documentation is covered by Microsoft copyrights. Regardless of any other terms that are contained in the terms of use for the Microsoft website that hosts this documentation, you can make copies of it in order to develop implementations of the technologies that are described in this documentation and can distribute portions of it in your implementations that use these technologies or in your documentation as necessary to properly document the implementation. You can also distribute in your implementation, with or without modification, any schemas, IDLs, or code samples that are included in the documentation. This permission also applies to any documents that are referenced in the Open Specifications documentation.

· No Trade Secrets. Microsoft does not claim any trade secret rights in this documentation.

· Patents. Microsoft has patents that might cover your implementations of the technologies described in the Open Specifications documentation. Neither this notice nor Microsoft's delivery of this documentation grants any licenses under those patents or any other Microsoft patents. However, a given Open Specifications document might be covered by the Microsoft Open Specifications Promise or the Microsoft Community Promise. If you would prefer a written license, or if the technologies described in this documentation are not covered by the Open Specifications Promise or Community Promise, as applicable, patent licenses are available by contacting [email protected].

· Trademarks. The names of companies and products contained in this documentation might be covered by trademarks or similar intellectual property rights. This notice does not grant any licenses under those rights. For a list of Microsoft trademarks, visit www.microsoft.com/trademarks.

· Fictitious Names. The example companies, organizations, products, domain names, email addresses, logos, people, places, and events that are depicted in this documentation are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product, domain name, email address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred.

Reservation of Rights. All other rights are reserved, and this notice does not grant any rights other than as specifically described above, whether by implication, estoppel, or otherwise.

Tools. The Open Specifications documentation does not require the use of Microsoft programming tools or programming environments in order for you to develop an implementation. If you have access to Microsoft programming tools and environments, you are free to take advantage of them. Certain Open Specifications documents are intended for use in conjunction with publicly available standards specifications and network programming art and, as such, assume that the reader either is familiar with the aforementioned material or has immediate access to it.

Revision Summary

Date

Revision History

Revision Class

Comments

6/27/2008

1.0

New

First release

10/6/2008

1.02

Minor

Revised and edited the technical content

12/12/2008

1.03

Minor


1/16/2009

1.04

Minor

Updated the Intellectual Property Rights Notice

7/13/2009

1.05

Major


8/28/2009

1.06

Editorial


11/6/2009

1.07

Editorial


2/19/2010

2.0

Major

Updated and revised the technical content

3/31/2010

2.01

Editorial


4/30/2010

2.02

Editorial


6/7/2010

2.03

Editorial


6/29/2010

2.04

Editorial

Changed language and formatting in the technical content.

7/23/2010

2.04

None

No changes to the meaning, language, or formatting of the technical content.

9/27/2010

2.05

Minor

Clarified the meaning of the technical content.

11/15/2010

2.05

None


12/17/2010

2.05

None


3/18/2011

2.6

Minor


6/10/2011

2.6

None


1/20/2012

3.0

Major

Significantly changed the technical content.

4/11/2012

3.0

None


7/16/2012

4.0

Major


10/8/2012

5.0

Major


2/11/2013

5.1

Minor


7/30/2013

5.2

Minor


11/18/2013

5.2

None


2/10/2014

5.2

None


4/30/2014

5.3

Minor


7/31/2014

6.0

Major


10/30/2014

6.0

None


3/16/2015

7.0

Major


9/4/2015

8.0

Major


7/15/2016

8.0

None


9/14/2016

8.0

None


Table of Contents

1Introduction32

1.1Glossary32

1.2References51

1.2.1Normative References51

1.2.2Informative References52

1.3Structure Overview (Synopsis)53

1.4Relationship to Protocols and Other Structures53

1.5Applicability Statement54

1.6Versioning and Localization54

1.7Vendor-Extensible Fields54

2Structures55

2.1File Structure55

2.1.1Package55

2.1.2Part55

2.1.3Relationship55

2.1.4Record56

2.1.5Collection of Records56

2.1.6Future Record57

2.1.6.1Future Record Mechanism57

2.1.6.2Alternate Content Mechanism57

2.1.7Part Enumeration58

2.1.7.1ActiveX60

2.1.7.1.1Elements62

2.1.7.1.1.1font62

2.1.7.1.1.2ocx62

2.1.7.1.1.3ocxPr63

2.1.7.1.1.4picture63

2.1.7.1.2Simple Types64

2.1.7.1.2.1ST_Persistence64

2.1.7.1.2.2ST_String65

2.1.7.2ActiveX Binary65

2.1.7.3Attached Toolbars65

2.1.7.4Calculation Chain66

2.1.7.5Chart66

2.1.7.6Chart Drawing66

2.1.7.7Chart Sheet66

2.1.7.8Comments67

2.1.7.9Control Properties67

2.1.7.10Custom Data67

2.1.7.11Custom Data Properties67

2.1.7.12Custom Property68

2.1.7.13Custom XML Data Storage68

2.1.7.14Custom XML Data Storage Properties68

2.1.7.15Custom XML Maps68

2.1.7.16Diagram Colors68

2.1.7.17Diagram Data68

2.1.7.18Diagram Layout Definition68

2.1.7.19Diagram Styles68

2.1.7.20Dialog Sheet68

2.1.7.21Digital Signature Origin69

2.1.7.22Digital Signature XML Signature69

2.1.7.23Drawings69

2.1.7.23.1compatSp69

2.1.7.23.2CT_CompatShape70

2.1.7.24External Data Connections70

2.1.7.25External Link71

2.1.7.26File Properties, Core72

2.1.7.27File Properties, Custom72

2.1.7.28File Properties, Extended73

2.1.7.29File Properties, Thumbnail73

2.1.7.30Images73

2.1.7.31International Macro Sheet73

2.1.7.32Macro Sheet73

2.1.7.33Macro Sheet Binary Index74

2.1.7.34Metadata75

2.1.7.35Model75

2.1.7.36OLE Object75

2.1.7.37OLE Package76

2.1.7.38PivotCache Definition76

2.1.7.39PivotCache Records79

2.1.7.40PivotTable79

2.1.7.41Printer Settings82

2.1.7.42Query Table82

2.1.7.43Revision Headers83

2.1.7.44Revision Log83

2.1.7.45Shared Strings84

2.1.7.46Single Cell Tables84

2.1.7.47Slicer Cache85

2.1.7.48Slicers86

2.1.7.49Sort Map86

2.1.7.50Styles87

2.1.7.51Table88

2.1.7.52Theme88

2.1.7.53Timeline Cache89

2.1.7.54Timelines89

2.1.7.55User Names89

2.1.7.56VBA Project90

2.1.7.57VBA Project Agile Signature90

2.1.7.58VBA Project Signature90

2.1.7.59VML Drawings91

2.1.7.60Volatile Dependencies91

2.1.7.61Workbook91

2.1.7.62Worksheet94

2.1.7.63Worksheet Binary Index96

2.1.8Common Productions96

2.1.9Hyperlinks99

2.1.10External Workbooks99

2.1.10.1External Workbook Base Paths99

2.2Conceptual Overview99

2.2.1Cell Table100

2.2.1.1Retrieval of Last-Calculated Cell Values Without Loading Cell Table100

2.2.2Formulas101

2.2.2.1Operator Tokens101

2.2.2.2Operand Tokens102

2.2.2.2.1Value Class102

2.2.2.2.2Reference Class102

2.2.2.3Control Tokens102

2.2.2.4Display Tokens102

2.2.2.5Mem Tokens102

2.2.2.6Formula Elements102

2.2.3Charts103

2.2.3.1Chart Part103

2.2.3.2Pivot Chart103

2.2.4Metadata103

2.2.4.1Metadata Types104

2.2.4.2Cell Metadata105

2.2.4.3Value Metadata105

2.2.4.4Metadata Stores105

2.2.4.5Metadata Block105

2.2.4.6Metadata Block Stores105

2.2.4.7Metadata String Store105

2.2.4.8MDX Metadata106

2.2.4.8.1MDX Tuple Metadata107

2.2.4.8.2MDX Set Metadata107

2.2.4.8.3MDX Member Property Metadata107

2.2.4.8.4MDX KPI Metadata107

2.2.4.9Future Metadata108

2.2.5PivotTables108

2.2.5.1Data Functionality Level108

2.2.5.2PivotCache109

2.2.5.2.1Source Data109

2.2.5.2.1.1Multiple Consolidation Ranges110

2.2.5.2.2Cache Fields114

2.2.5.2.2.1Member Properties115

2.2.5.2.3Cache Items116

2.2.5.2.4Grouping118

2.2.5.2.5Calculated Fields125

2.2.5.2.6Calculated Items125

2.2.5.2.7Cache Hierarchies126

2.2.5.2.7.1Measures127

2.2.5.2.7.2KPIs127

2.2.5.2.7.3Named Sets127

2.2.5.2.8OLAP Grouping127

2.2.5.2.9OLAP Calculated Members128

2.2.5.2.10Cache Records128

2.2.5.2.11Tuple Cache129

2.2.5.3PivotTable View130

2.2.5.3.1Relationship to PivotCache131

2.2.5.3.2Pivot Fields131

2.2.5.3.2.1Pivot Field Sorting131

2.2.5.3.3Pivot Items132

2.2.5.3.4Pivot Hierarchies133

2.2.5.3.5Manual Filters133

2.2.5.3.5.1Non-OLAP Manual Filters134

2.2.5.3.5.2OLAP Manual Filters134

2.2.5.3.6Filtering by Criteria134

2.2.5.3.6.1Advanced Filters134

2.2.5.3.6.1.1Label Filters135

2.2.5.3.6.1.2Date Filters135

2.2.5.3.6.1.3Value Filters135

2.2.5.3.6.2Simple Filters136

2.2.5.3.7PivotTable Axes136

2.2.5.3.7.1Page Axis136

2.2.5.3.7.1.1Non-OLAP Page Filtering137

2.2.5.3.7.1.2OLAP Page Filtering137

2.2.5.3.7.2Row Axis137

2.2.5.3.7.3Column Axis138

2.2.5.3.7.4Nesting139

2.2.5.3.7.4.1Collapsing139

2.2.5.3.7.4.2Subtotaling140

2.2.5.3.7.5Data Axis142

2.2.5.3.7.5.1Data Items142

2.2.5.3.7.5.2Data Field142

2.2.5.3.8PivotTable Layout143

2.2.5.3.8.1Location and Body143

2.2.5.3.8.1.1Row Area145

2.2.5.3.8.1.2Column Area145

2.2.5.3.8.1.3Page Area146

2.2.5.3.8.1.4Data Area146

2.2.5.3.8.2Truncation147

2.2.5.3.8.3Pivot Lines147

2.2.5.3.8.4Pivot Line Entries148

2.2.5.3.9PivotTable Rules148

2.2.5.3.10PivotTable What-if Analysis149

2.2.5.4OLAP Data Model150

2.2.5.5Non-Worksheet PivotTables151

2.2.5.6PivotValues151

2.2.5.6.1PivotValueCell152

2.2.5.6.1.1Value152

2.2.5.6.1.2Server Formatting152

2.2.6Styles152

2.2.6.1XFs152

2.2.6.1.1Cell XFs152

2.2.6.1.2Cell Styles153

2.2.6.1.2.1Cell Style XFs153

2.2.6.1.2.2Normal Style153

2.2.6.2Differential Formatting (DXFs)153

2.2.6.2.1Conditional Formatting153

2.2.6.2.2Table Style Elements154

2.2.6.2.3Table Block-Level Formatting154

2.2.6.2.4PivotTable Areas154

2.2.6.2.5Sorting and Filtering154

2.2.6.3Table Styles154

2.2.6.3.1Slicer Styles155

2.2.6.3.2Timeline Styles155

2.2.6.4Format Conflicts155

2.2.7External References155

2.2.7.1External Reference Consumers156

2.2.7.2Supporting Link157

2.2.7.3Supporting Link Record157

2.2.7.4External Link157

2.2.7.4.1External Workbook Links158

2.2.7.4.1.1External Defined Name158

2.2.7.4.1.2External Cell Cache158

2.2.7.4.1.2.1External Cells158

2.2.7.4.2DDE Data Source159

2.2.7.4.2.1DDE Data Item159

2.2.7.4.3OLE Data Source159

2.2.7.4.3.1OLE Data Item159

2.2.8External Connections159

2.2.8.1Connection Name160

2.2.8.2External Connection Files160

2.2.8.3OLE DB Connections160

2.2.8.3.1OLAP Connections160

2.2.8.4ODBC Connections160

2.2.8.5Web Connections160

2.2.8.6Text Import Connections161

2.2.8.7ADO Recordset Connections161

2.2.8.8DAO Recordset Connections161

2.2.8.9Model Data Source Connections161

2.2.8.9.1Model Data Source OLE DB Connections161

2.2.8.9.2Model Data Source Data Feed Connections162

2.2.8.9.3Model Data Source Worksheet Connections162

2.2.8.9.4Model Data Source Text import Connections162

2.2.9Password Verifier Algorithm162

2.2.10Strong Password Verifier Algorithm162

2.2.11Encryption (Password to Open)163

2.2.12Shared Workbooks163

2.2.12.1User Log164

2.2.12.2Revision Headers Log165

2.2.12.3Revision Logs165

2.2.12.4Revision Records165

2.2.12.5Format Revision165

2.2.12.6Insertion / Deletion of Rows / Columns Revision166

2.2.12.7Move Cells Revision166

2.2.12.8Change Cells Revision166

2.2.12.9Undo Chain167

2.2.12.10Sort Map167

2.2.13Volatile Dependencies167

2.2.13.1Types167

2.2.13.2Main Topic167

2.2.13.3Subtopic Sequences167

2.2.13.4Cached returned values168

2.2.14Slicers168

2.2.14.1Slicer Cache168

2.2.14.1.1Slicer Source Data168

2.2.14.1.2Slicer Cache Relationship to PivotCache168

2.2.14.1.3Slicer Cache Relationship to PivotTable View169

2.2.14.1.4Slicer Items170

2.2.14.1.4.1Non-OLAP Slicer Items170

2.2.14.1.4.2OLAP Slicer Items170

2.2.14.1.5Slicer Cross Filtering171

2.2.14.2Slicer View171

2.2.14.2.1Slicer View Relationship to Slicer Cache171

2.2.14.3Slicers and Cube Functions172

2.2.15Timelines172

2.2.15.1Timeline Cache172

2.2.15.1.1Timeline Source Data172

2.2.15.1.2Timeline Cache Relationship to PivotCache173

2.2.15.1.3Timeline Cache Relationship to PivotTable View173

2.2.15.1.4Timeline State173

2.2.15.2Timeline View174

2.2.15.2.1Timeline View Relationship to Timeline Cache174

2.2.15.3Timelines and Cube Functions174

2.3Record Enumeration174

2.3.1By Name174

2.3.2By Number200

2.4Records227

2.4.1BrtAbsPath15227

2.4.2BrtACBegin227

2.4.3BrtACEnd227

2.4.4BrtActiveX227

2.4.5BrtAFilterDateGroupItem228

2.4.6BrtArrFmla229

2.4.7BrtBeginActiveXControls230

2.4.8BrtBeginAFilter230

2.4.9BrtBeginAutoSortScope230

2.4.10BrtBeginBook231

2.4.11BrtBeginBookViews231

2.4.12BrtBeginBorders231

2.4.13BrtBeginBundleShs231

2.4.14BrtBeginCellIgnoreECs231

2.4.15BrtBeginCellIgnoreECs14232

2.4.16BrtBeginCellSmartTag232

2.4.17BrtBeginCellSmartTags232

2.4.18BrtBeginCellStyleXFs232

2.4.19BrtBeginCellWatches233

2.4.20BrtBeginCellXFs233

2.4.21BrtBeginCFRule233

2.4.22BrtBeginCFRule14238

2.4.23BrtBeginColBrk245

2.4.24BrtBeginColInfos245

2.4.25BrtBeginColorPalette245

2.4.26BrtBeginColorScale246

2.4.27BrtBeginColorScale14246

2.4.28BrtBeginComment246

2.4.29BrtBeginCommentAuthors247

2.4.30BrtBeginCommentList247

2.4.31BrtBeginComments247

2.4.32BrtBeginConditionalFormatting247

2.4.33BrtBeginConditionalFormatting14248

2.4.34BrtBeginConditionalFormattings249

2.4.35BrtBeginCRErrs249

2.4.36BrtBeginCsView250

2.4.37BrtBeginCsViews250

2.4.38BrtBeginCustomFilters251

2.4.39BrtBeginCustomFilters14251

2.4.40BrtBeginDatabar251

2.4.41BrtBeginDatabar14252

2.4.42BrtBeginDataFeedPr15255

2.4.43BrtBeginDataModel255

2.4.44BrtBeginDbTables15255

2.4.45BrtBeginDCon255

2.4.46BrtBeginDecoupledPivotCacheIDs256

2.4.47BrtBeginDeletedName256

2.4.48BrtBeginDeletedNames257

2.4.49BrtBeginDim257

2.4.50BrtBeginDims258

2.4.51BrtBeginDRefs258

2.4.52BrtBeginDVals258

2.4.53BrtBeginDVals14259

2.4.54BrtBeginDXF14s259

2.4.55BrtBeginDXFs259

2.4.56BrtBeginDXFs15260

2.4.57BrtBeginECDbProps260

2.4.58BrtBeginECOlapProps261

2.4.59BrtBeginECParam263

2.4.60BrtBeginECParams265

2.4.61BrtBeginECTwFldInfo265

2.4.62BrtBeginECTwFldInfo15266

2.4.63BrtBeginECTWFldInfoLst266

2.4.64BrtBeginECTWFldInfoLst15266

2.4.65BrtBeginECTxtWiz267

2.4.66BrtBeginECTxtWiz15267

2.4.67BrtBeginECWebProps268

2.4.68BrtBeginEcWpTables270

2.4.69BrtBeginEsfmd271

2.4.70BrtBeginEsmdb271

2.4.71BrtBeginEsmdtinfo272

2.4.72BrtBeginEsmdx272

2.4.73BrtBeginEsstr272

2.4.74BrtBeginExtConn14272

2.4.75BrtBeginExtConn15273

2.4.76BrtBeginExtConnection274

2.4.77BrtBeginExtConnections278

2.4.78BrtBeginExternals278

2.4.79BrtBeginFills278

2.4.80BrtBeginFilterColumn279

2.4.81BrtBeginFilters279

2.4.82BrtBeginFmd280

2.4.83BrtBeginFmts280

2.4.84BrtBeginFnGroup280

2.4.85BrtBeginFonts280

2.4.86BrtBeginHeaderFooter280

2.4.87BrtBeginIconSet282

2.4.88BrtBeginIconSet14283

2.4.89BrtBeginIndexedColors284

2.4.90BrtBeginISXTHCols284

2.4.91BrtBeginISXTHRws284

2.4.92BrtBeginISXVDCols285

2.4.93BrtBeginISXVDRws285

2.4.94BrtBeginISXVIs286

2.4.95BrtBeginItemUniqueNames286

2.4.96BrtBeginList287

2.4.97BrtBeginListCol289

2.4.98BrtBeginListCols291

2.4.99BrtBeginListParts292

2.4.100BrtBeginListXmlCPr292

2.4.101BrtBeginMap293

2.4.102BrtBeginMdx293

2.4.103BrtBeginMdxKPI293

2.4.104BrtBeginMdxMbrProp294

2.4.105BrtBeginMdxSet294

2.4.106BrtBeginMdxTuple295

2.4.107BrtBeginMergeCells295

2.4.108BrtBeginMetadata296

2.4.109BrtBeginMG296

2.4.110BrtBeginMGMaps296

2.4.111BrtBeginMgs296

2.4.112brtBeginModelRelationships297

2.4.113BrtBeginModelTables297

2.4.114brtBeginModelTimeGrouping297

2.4.115brtBeginModelTimeGroupings298

2.4.116BrtBeginMRUColors298

2.4.117BrtBeginOledbPr15298

2.4.118BrtBeginOleObjects298

2.4.119BrtBeginPCD14298

2.4.120BrtBeginPCDCalcItem299

2.4.121BrtBeginPCDCalcItems299

2.4.122BrtBeginPCDCalcMem300

2.4.123BrtBeginPCDCalcMem14300

2.4.124BrtBeginPCDCalcMemExt302

2.4.125BrtBeginPCDCalcMems302

2.4.126BrtBeginPCDCalcMemsExt302

2.4.127BrtBeginPCDFAtbl303

2.4.128BrtBeginPCDFGDiscrete305

2.4.129BrtBeginPCDFGItems305

2.4.130BrtBeginPCDFGRange306

2.4.131BrtBeginPCDFGroup307

2.4.132BrtBeginPCDField309

2.4.133BrtBeginPCDFields312

2.4.134BrtBeginPCDHFieldsUsage312

2.4.135BrtBeginPCDHGLevel313

2.4.136BrtBeginPCDHGLevels314

2.4.137BrtBeginPCDHGLGMember314

2.4.138BrtBeginPCDHGLGMembers315

2.4.139BrtBeginPCDHGLGroup315

2.4.140BrtBeginPCDHGLGroups316

2.4.141BrtBeginPCDHierarchies316

2.4.142BrtBeginPCDHierarchy317

2.4.143BrtBeginPCDIRun321

2.4.144BrtBeginPCDKPI322

2.4.145BrtBeginPCDKPIs324

2.4.146BrtBeginPCDSConsol325

2.4.147BrtBeginPCDSCPage325

2.4.148BrtBeginPCDSCPages326

2.4.149BrtBeginPCDSCPItem326

2.4.150BrtBeginPCDSCSet326

2.4.151BrtBeginPCDSCSets328

2.4.152BrtBeginPCDSDTCEMember329

2.4.153BrtBeginPCDSDTCEMembers330

2.4.154BrtBeginPCDSDTCEMembersSortBy330

2.4.155BrtBeginPCDSDTCEntries330

2.4.156BrtBeginPCDSDTCQueries331

2.4.157BrtBeginPCDSDTCQuery331

2.4.158BrtBeginPCDSDTCSet331

2.4.159BrtBeginPCDSDTCSets332

2.4.160BrtBeginPCDSDTupleCache333

2.4.161BrtBeginPcdSFCIEntries333

2.4.162BrtBeginPCDSource333

2.4.163BrtBeginPCDSRange334

2.4.164BrtBeginPivotCacheDef335

2.4.165BrtBeginPivotCacheID337

2.4.166BrtBeginPivotCacheIDs337

2.4.167BrtBeginPivotCacheRecords337

2.4.168BrtBeginPivotTableRefs338

2.4.169BrtBeginPivotTableUISettings338

2.4.170BrtBeginPName338

2.4.171BrtBeginPNames339

2.4.172BrtBeginPNPair339

2.4.173BrtBeginPNPairs341

2.4.174BrtBeginPRFilter341

2.4.175BrtBeginPRFilter14341

2.4.176BrtBeginPRFilters342

2.4.177BrtBeginPRFilters14342

2.4.178BrtBeginPRFItem343

2.4.179BrtBeginPRFItem14343

2.4.180BrtBeginPRule343

2.4.181BrtBeginPRule14344

2.4.182BrtBeginQSI344

2.4.183BrtBeginQSIF347

2.4.184BrtBeginQSIFs348

2.4.185BrtBeginQSIR348

2.4.186BrtBeginRRSort349

2.4.187BrtBeginRwBrk349

2.4.188BrtBeginScenMan350

2.4.189BrtBeginSct350

2.4.190BrtBeginSheet351

2.4.191BrtBeginSheetData352

2.4.192BrtBeginSingleCells352

2.4.193BrtBeginSlicer352

2.4.194BrtBeginSlicerCache354

2.4.195BrtBeginSlicerCacheDef354

2.4.196BrtBeginSlicerCacheID355

2.4.197BrtBeginSlicerCacheIDs355

2.4.198BrtBeginSlicerCacheLevelData355

2.4.199BrtBeginSlicerCacheLevelsData357

2.4.200BrtBeginSlicerCacheNative357

2.4.201BrtBeginSlicerCacheOlapImpl358

2.4.202BrtBeginSlicerCacheSelections358

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2.4.774BrtSupSame613

2.4.775BrtSupSelf613

2.4.776BrtSupTabs613

2.4.777BrtSXDI14613

2.4.778BrtSXDI15614

2.4.779BrtSxFilter15615

2.4.780BrtSXTDMPOrder616

2.4.781BrtSXTH14616

2.4.782BrtSXTupleItems617

2.4.783BrtSXTupleSetHeaderItem618

2.4.784BrtSXTupleSetRowItem618

2.4.785BrtSxvcellBool619

2.4.786BrtSxvcellDate620

2.4.787BrtSxvcellErr620

2.4.788BrtSxvcellNil621

2.4.789BrtSxvcellNum621

2.4.790BrtSxvcellStr622

2.4.791BrtSXVD14622

2.4.792BrtTable623

2.4.793BrtTableSlicerCacheID625

2.4.794BrtTableSlicerCacheIDs625

2.4.795BrtTableStyleClient625

2.4.796BrtTableStyleElement626

2.4.797BrtTextPr15627

2.4.798BrtTimelineCachePivotCacheID627

2.4.799BrtTimelineStyleElement628

2.4.800BrtTop10Filter628

2.4.801BrtUCR629

2.4.802BrtUserBookView631

2.4.803BrtUsr636

2.4.804BrtValueMeta637

2.4.805BrtVolBool637

2.4.806BrtVolErr637

2.4.807BrtVolNum637

2.4.808BrtVolRef638

2.4.809BrtVolStr638

2.4.810BrtVolSubtopic638

2.4.811BrtWbFactoid638

2.4.812BrtWbProp639

2.4.813BrtWbProp14641

2.4.814BrtWebExtension641

2.4.815BrtWebOpt642

2.4.816BrtWorkBookPr15643

2.4.817BrtWsDim644

2.4.818BrtWsFmtInfo644

2.4.819BrtWsFmtInfoEx14645

2.4.820BrtWsProp645

2.4.821BrtXF647

2.5Structures650

2.5.1ACProductVersion650

2.5.2ArgDesc651

2.5.3AutoFormatID651

2.5.4Blxf658

2.5.5Bold659

2.5.6BookProtectionFlags659

2.5.7BorderStyle660

2.5.8BrtColSpan660

2.5.9Cell661

2.5.10CellStyleName661

2.5.11CFDateOper662

2.5.12CFFlag662

2.5.13CFFlag14663

2.5.14CFOper663

2.5.15CFTemp664

2.5.16CFTextOper665

2.5.17CFType666

2.5.18CFVOtype666

2.5.19CFVOType14667

2.5.20CmdType667

2.5.21CodeName668

2.5.22Col668

2.5.23ColNullable668

2.5.24ColRel668

2.5.25ColRelShort669

2.5.26ColShort669

2.5.27DataConsolidationFunction669

2.5.28DataFunctionalityLevel670

2.5.29DateAsXnum670

2.5.30DBType671

2.5.31DCol671

2.5.32DColShort671

2.5.33DDEItemProperties671

2.5.34DRw672

2.5.35DVals672

2.5.36DValStrings673

2.5.37DXFId673

2.5.38DXFId14674

2.5.39ECTwFldInfoData674

2.5.40ECTxtWizData674

2.5.41Etxp676

2.5.42ExternalNameProperties679

2.5.43ExternalReferenceType680

2.5.44ExtPtgArea3D680

2.5.45ExtPtgAreaErr3D681

2.5.46ExtPtgErr681

2.5.47ExtPtgRef3D682

2.5.48ExtPtgRefErr3D682

2.5.49ExtSheetPair683

2.5.50FillPattern683

2.5.51FnGroupID684

2.5.52FontFlags685

2.5.53FontScheme686

2.5.54FRTBlank686

2.5.55FRTCFParsedFormula14686

2.5.56FRTCFVOParsedFormula14687

2.5.57FRTDVParsedFormula14688

2.5.58FRTFormula689

2.5.59FRTFormulas689

2.5.60FRTHeader689

2.5.61FRTProductVersion691

2.5.62FRTRef691

2.5.63FRTRefs692

2.5.64FRTRelID692

2.5.65FRTSqref692

2.5.66FRTSqrefs693

2.5.67GradientStop693

2.5.68GrbitBeginSlicer694

2.5.69GrbitFmla694

2.5.70GrbitSXTupleSetHeaderItem695

2.5.71GrbitSXTupleSetRowItem695

2.5.72HeaderFooterString695

2.5.73HorizAlign698

2.5.74Icon699

2.5.75Icv699

2.5.76Ifmt702

2.5.77IHDB703

2.5.78IIFtab703

2.5.79IsoPasswordData704

2.5.80Istr704

2.5.81ISXDI704

2.5.82ISXTH705

2.5.83ISXVD705

2.5.84KPIProp705

2.5.85KPISets706

2.5.86KPISets14706

2.5.87ListTotalRowFunction708

2.5.88ListType709

2.5.89LongRGBA709

2.5.90LPByteBuf710

2.5.91LPWideString710

2.5.92Margin710

2.5.93Mdir711

2.5.94MdtFlags711

2.5.95MdxMbrIstrFlags713

2.5.96OLEItemProperties713

2.5.97Parsed Expressions714

2.5.97.1ArrayParsedFormula714

2.5.97.2BErr715

2.5.97.3Boolean715

2.5.97.4CellParsedFormula715

2.5.97.5Cetab716

2.5.97.6CFParsedFormula739

2.5.97.7CFVOParsedFormula739

2.5.97.8DVParsedFormula740

2.5.97.9FRTParsedFormula741

2.5.97.10Ftab742

2.5.97.11ListParsedFormula770

2.5.97.12NameParsedFormula771

2.5.97.13ObjectParsedFormula771

2.5.97.14ParameterParsedFormula772

2.5.97.15PivotParsedFormula772

2.5.97.16Ptg773

2.5.97.17PtgAdd776

2.5.97.18PtgArea776

2.5.97.19PtgArea3d776

2.5.97.20PtgAreaErr777

2.5.97.21PtgAreaErr3d778

2.5.97.22PtgAreaN778

2.5.97.23PtgArray779

2.5.97.24PtgAttrBaxcel779

2.5.97.25PtgAttrChoose780

2.5.97.26PtgAttrGoTo780

2.5.97.27PtgAttrIf781

2.5.97.28PtgAttrIfError781

2.5.97.29PtgAttrSemi781

2.5.97.30PtgAttrSpace782

2.5.97.31PtgAttrSpaceSemi782

2.5.97.32PtgAttrSpaceType782

2.5.97.33PtgAttrSum783

2.5.97.34PtgBool783

2.5.97.35PtgConcat784

2.5.97.36PtgDataType784

2.5.97.37PtgDiv784

2.5.97.38PtgEq784

2.5.97.39PtgErr785

2.5.97.40PtgExp785

2.5.97.41PtgExtraArray786

2.5.97.42PtgExtraCol786

2.5.97.43PtgExtraList786

2.5.97.44PtgExtraMem787

2.5.97.45PtgFunc787

2.5.97.46PtgFuncVar788

2.5.97.47PtgGe788

2.5.97.48PtgGt789

2.5.97.49PtgInt789

2.5.97.50PtgIsect789

2.5.97.51PtgLe789

2.5.97.52PtgList790

2.5.97.53PtgLt791

2.5.97.54PtgMemArea791

2.5.97.55PtgMemErr792

2.5.97.56PtgMemFunc792

2.5.97.57PtgMemNoMem793

2.5.97.58PtgMissArg793

2.5.97.59PtgMul793

2.5.97.60PtgName794

2.5.97.61PtgNameX794

2.5.97.62PtgNe795

2.5.97.63PtgNum795

2.5.97.64PtgParen796

2.5.97.65PtgPercent796

2.5.97.66PtgPower796

2.5.97.67PtgRange796

2.5.97.68PtgRef797

2.5.97.69PtgRef3d797

2.5.97.70PtgRefErr798

2.5.97.71PtgRefErr3d798

2.5.97.72PtgRefN799

2.5.97.73PtgRowType799

2.5.97.74PtgStr799

2.5.97.75PtgSub800

2.5.97.76PtgSxName800

2.5.97.77PtgUMinus800

2.5.97.78PtgUnion801

2.5.97.79PtgUPlus801

2.5.97.80RevExtern801

2.5.97.81RevItab802

2.5.97.82RevLblName802

2.5.97.83RevName803

2.5.97.84RevNamePly804

2.5.97.85RevNameTabid804

2.5.97.86RevSheetName805

2.5.97.87RgbExtra805

2.5.97.88Rgce806

2.5.97.89RgceArea810

2.5.97.90RgceAreaRel810

2.5.97.91RgceLoc811

2.5.97.92RgceLocRel811

2.5.97.93SerAr812

2.5.97.94SerBool812

2.5.97.95SerErr812

2.5.97.96SerNum813

2.5.97.97SerStr813

2.5.97.98SharedParsedFormula813

2.5.97.99SxOs814

2.5.97.100SxSu815

2.5.97.101VirtualPath815

2.5.97.102XLUnicodeString817

2.5.97.103XtiIndex818

2.5.98PCDCalcMemCommon818

2.5.99PCDIAddlInfo819

2.5.100PCDIDateTime820

2.5.101PCDISrvFmt821

2.5.102PhRun822

2.5.103PivotFilterType823

2.5.104PivotItemType824

2.5.105PivotNumFmt825

2.5.106PivotNumFmtExt825

2.5.107Pnn826

2.5.108PRFilter826

2.5.109PrintErrorsAs827

2.5.110PRuleHeaderData828

2.5.111QsiFieldId831

2.5.112RangeProtectionTitleSDRel831

2.5.113ReadingOrder832

2.5.114RelID833

2.5.115RevisionLogSheetName833

2.5.116RevisionType833

2.5.117RfX834

2.5.118RfXRel834

2.5.119RgceAreaSmall835

2.5.120RgceLocSmall836

2.5.121RichStr836

2.5.122RkNumber837

2.5.123RRd837

2.5.124RRdDnGrbit838

2.5.125Rw839

2.5.126Rw_Col839

2.5.127RwNullable839

2.5.128RwRelNeg840

2.5.129RwShort840

2.5.130Script840

2.5.131SdSetSortOrder840

2.5.132ShortDtr840

2.5.133ShowDataAs841

2.5.134SlicerCacheLevelData842

2.5.135SlicerCacheNativeItem842

2.5.136SlicerCachePivotTable843

2.5.137SqEtxp843

2.5.138SrvFmtCV844

2.5.139SrvFmtData844

2.5.140SrvFmtFlags845

2.5.141SrvFmtNum845

2.5.142ST_SheetState846

2.5.143StrRun846

2.5.144StyleFlags846

2.5.145SXAxis847

2.5.146SXET847

2.5.147SXMA847

2.5.148TagFnMdx848

2.5.149TSEType848

2.5.150Tws853

2.5.151TypeSql853

2.5.152UncheckedCol854

2.5.153UncheckedRfX854

2.5.154UncheckedRw855

2.5.155UncheckedSqRfX855

2.5.156Underline855

2.5.157VertAlign855

2.5.158XFProp856

2.5.159XFPropBorder857

2.5.160XFPropColor858

2.5.161XFPropGradient859

2.5.162XFPropGradientStop860

2.5.163XFProps861

2.5.164XFPropTextRotation861

2.5.165XLNameWideString862

2.5.166XLNullableWideString863

2.5.167XLView863

2.5.168XLWideString864

2.5.169XmlDataType864

2.5.170XmlMappedXpath866

2.5.171Xnum866

2.5.172Xti866

3Structure Examples869

3.1Conditional Formatting869

3.1.1Conditional Formatting: BrtBeginConditionalFormatting869

3.1.2Conditional Formatting: BrtBeginCFRule871

3.1.3Conditional Formatting: BrtEndCFRule873

3.1.4Conditional Formatting: BrtEndConditionalFormatting873

3.1.5Conditional Formatting: BrtDXF873

3.2Defined Name875

3.2.1Defined Name: BrtName876

3.2.2Defined Name: BrtBeginExternals878

3.2.3Defined Name: BrtSupSelf878

3.2.4Defined Name: BrtExternSheet878

3.2.5Defined Name: BrtEndExternals879

3.3Table879

3.3.1Table: BrtListPart879

3.3.2Table: BrtBeginList880

3.3.3Table: BrtBeginAFilter882

3.3.4Table: BrtEndAFilter882

3.3.5Table: BrtBeginListCols882

3.3.6Table: BrtBeginListCol 1883

3.3.7Table: BrtEndListCol 1884




3.3.11Table: BrtListCCFmla886


3.3.13Table: BrtEndListCols888

3.3.14Table: BrtTableStyleClient889

3.3.15Table: BrtEndList889

3.4Filters890

3.4.1Filters: BrtBeginAFilter890

3.4.2Filters: BrtBeginFilterColumn891

3.4.3Filters: BrtBeginCustomFilters891

3.4.4Filters: BrtCustomFilters891

3.4.5Filters: BrtEndCustomFilters892

3.4.6Filters: BrtEndFilterColumn892

3.4.7Filters: BrtEndAFilter892

3.5External References892

3.5.1External References: BrtRowHdr893

3.5.2External References: BrtFmlaString895

3.5.3External References: BrtBeginSupBook896

3.5.4External References: BrtSupTabs897

3.5.5External References: BrtExternTableStart 1897

3.5.6External References: BrtExternRowHdr898

3.5.7External References: BrtExternCellString898

3.5.8External References: BrtExternTableEnd 1899





3.5.13External References: BrtEndSupBook900

3.6Formatting900

3.6.1Formatting: BrtCellReal 1901



3.6.4Formatting: BrtBeginFmts903

3.6.5Formatting: BrtFmt903

3.6.6Formatting: BrtEndFmts903

3.6.7Formatting: BrtBeginFonts903

3.6.8Formatting: BrtFont 1904

3.6.9Formatting: BrtFont 2906

3.6.10Formatting: BrtEndFonts907

3.6.11Formatting: BrtBeginFills907

3.6.12Formatting: BrtFill 1908

3.6.13Formatting: BrtFill 2909

3.6.14Formatting: BrtEndFills911

3.6.15Formatting: BrtBeginCellStyleXFs911

3.6.16Formatting: BrtXF 1911

3.6.17Formatting: BrtEndCellStyleXFs913

3.6.18Formatting: BrtBeginCellXFs913





3.6.23Formatting: BrtEndCellXFs919

3.7Workbook919

3.7.1Workbook: BrtBeginBook919

3.7.2Workbook: BrtFileVersion920

3.7.3Workbook: BrtWbProp920

3.7.4Workbook: BrtBeginBookViews922

3.7.5Workbook: BrtBookView922

3.7.6Workbook: BrtEndBookViews923

3.7.7Workbook: BrtBeginBundleShs923

3.7.8Workbook: BrtBundleSh 1924



3.7.11Workbook: BrtEndBundleShs925

3.7.12Workbook: BrtCalcProp925

3.7.13Workbook: BrtWbFactoid926

3.7.14Workbook: BrtFileRecover927

3.7.15Workbook: BrtEndBook927

3.7.16Workbook: BrtBeginSst927

3.7.17Workbook: BrtSSTItem 1928

3.7.18Workbook: BrtSSTItem 2928

3.7.19Workbook: BrtEndSst928

3.7.20Workbook: BrtBeginSheet928

3.7.21Workbook: BrtWsProp929

3.7.22Workbook: BrtWsDim931

3.7.23Workbook: BrtBeginWsViews931

3.7.24Workbook: BrtBeginWsView932

3.7.25Workbook: BrtSel933

3.7.26Workbook: BrtEndWsView934

3.7.27Workbook: BrtEndWsViews935

3.7.28Workbook: BrtWsFmtInfo935

3.7.29Workbook: BrtBeginSheetData936

3.7.30Workbook: BrtRowHdr 1936

3.7.31Workbook: BrtCellIsst 1937


3.7.33Workbook: BrtCellRk939


3.7.35Workbook: BrtCellIsst 2940


3.7.37Workbook: BrtFmlaNum942

3.7.38Workbook: BrtEndSheetData944

3.7.39Workbook: BrtSheetProtection944

3.7.40Workbook: BrtPrintOptions946

3.7.41Workbook: BrtMargins946

3.7.42Workbook: BrtEndSheet947

3.8PivotTable948

3.8.1PivotTable: BrtBeginPivotCacheIDs948

3.8.2PivotTable: BrtBeginPivotCacheID949

3.8.3PivotTable: BrtBeginPivotCacheDef949

3.8.4PivotTable: BrtBeginPCDSource951

3.8.5PivotTable: BrtBeginPCDSRange951

3.8.6PivotTable: BrtBeginPCDFields952

3.8.7PivotTable: BrtBeginPCDField 1952

3.8.8PivotTable: BrtBeginPCDFAtbl953

3.8.9PivotTable: BrtPCDIString 1954

3.8.10PivotTable: BrtPCDIString 2955


3.8.12PivotTable: BrtBeginPCDFAtbl 1956

3.8.13PivotTable: BrtBeginPCDIRun957




3.8.17PivotTable: BrtBeginPCDFAtbl 2965

3.8.18PivotTable: BrtBeginPivotCacheRecords966

3.8.19PivotTable: BrtPCRRecord 1966







3.8.26PivotTable: BrtBeginSXView971

3.8.27PivotTable: BrtBeginSxLocation977

3.8.28PivotTable: BrtBeginSXVDs978

3.8.29PivotTable: BrtBeginSXVD 1978

3.8.30PivotTable: BrtBeginSXVIs 1982

3.8.31PivotTable: BrtBeginSXVI 1982






3.8.37PivotTable: BrtBeginSXVIs 2989







3.8.44PivotTable: BrtBeginISXVDRws1000

3.8.45PivotTable: BrtBeginSXLIRws1000

3.8.46PivotTable: BrtBeginSXLI 11000

3.8.47PivotTable: BrtBeginISXVIs 11001





3.8.52PivotTable: BrtBeginSXLICols1003


3.8.54PivotTable: BrtBeginSXPIs1004

3.8.55PivotTable: BrtBeginSXPI1004

3.8.56PivotTable: BrtBeginSXDIs1005

3.8.57PivotTable: BrtBeginSXDI1005

3.9Metadata1006

3.9.1MetaData: BrtBeginExtConnections1008

3.9.2MetaData: BrtBeginExtConnection1008

3.9.3MetaData: BrtBeginECDbProps1010

3.9.4MetaData: BrtBeginECOlapProps1011

3.9.5MetaData: BrtBeginMetadata1012

3.9.6MetaData: BrtBeginEsmdtinfo1012

3.9.7MetaData: BrtMdtinfo1012

3.9.8MetaData: BrtBeginEsstr1013

3.9.9MetaData: BrtStr 11014




3.9.13MetaData: BrtBeginEsmdx1015

3.9.14MetaData: BrtBeginMdx 11015

3.9.15MetaData: BrtBeginMdxSet1016


3.9.17MetaData: BrtBeginMdxTuple 11016

3.9.18MetaData: BrtMdxMbrIstr1017



3.9.21MetaData: BrtMdxMbrIStr 11019





3.9.26MetaData: BrtBeginEsmdb1022

3.9.27MetaData: BrtMdb1022

3.10Slicer1023

3.10.1Slicer: BrtBeginSlicerCache1024

3.10.2Slicer: BrtBeginSlicerCacheDef1025

3.10.3Slicer: BrtSlicerCachePivotTables1025

3.10.4Slicer: BrtBeginSlicerCacheNative1026

3.10.5Slicer: BrtSlicerCacheNativeItem1026

3.10.6Slicer: BrtEndSlicerCacheNative1027

3.10.7Slicer: BrtEndSlicerCacheDef1027

3.10.8Slicer: BrtEndSlicerCache1028

3.10.9Slicer: BrtBeginSlicers1028

3.10.10Slicer: BrtBeginSlicer1028

3.10.11Slicer: BrtEndSlicer1029

3.10.12Slicer: BrtEndSlicers1029

4Security Considerations1030

5Appendix A: Product Behavior1031

6Change Tracking1053

7Index1054

Introduction

The Excel Binary File Format (.xlsb) Structure is a collection of records and structures that specify workbook content, which can include unstructured or semi-structured tables of numbers, text, or both numbers and text, formulas, external data connections, charts and images. Workbook content is typically organized in a grid based layout, and often includes numeric data, structured data, and formulas.

Sections 1.7 and 2 of this specification are normative. All other sections and examples in this specification are informative.

Glossary

This document uses the following terms:

A1: A reference style in which each column (1) is identified sequentially from left-to-right with a letter or series of letters in alphabetical order. Column headings are ordered A-Z, then AA-AZ, BA-BZ... ZA-ZZ, AAA-AAZ, and so forth. Each row is numbered sequentially from the top down.

absolute path: A string that identifies the location of a file and that begins with a drive identifier and root directory or network share and ends with the complete file name. Examples are C:\Documents\Work\example.txt and \\netshare\Documents\Work\example.txt.

absolute reference: A reference to a fixed location on a sheet. An absolute reference always refers to the same range, even if the formula that contains it is moved or copied to a new location.

absolute URL: The full Internet address of a page or other World Wide Web resource. The absolute URL includes a protocol, such as "http," a network location, and an optional path and file name — for example, http://www.treyresearch.net/.

active cell: The cell that is currently selected in a worksheet.

active sheet: The sheet that is currently selected.

ActiveX control: A reusable software control, such as a check box or button, that uses ActiveX technology and provides options to users or runs macros or scripts that automate a task. See also ActiveX object.

ActiveX Data Objects (ADO): A data access interface that connects to, retrieves, manipulates, and updates data in Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) database-compliant data sources.

ActiveX object: An object that is supplied by a component that supports automation.

add-in: Supplemental functionality that is provided by an external application or macro to extend the capabilities of an application.

add-in function: A worksheet function that is provided by an add-in, instead of being built-in.

aggregation function: A function, such as sum or average, that appears in the total row of a table and is used to summarize data.

ALL: See OLAP All member.

alternate startup directory: A secondary location that stores files to be opened by an application when the application starts.

American National Standards Institute (ANSI) character set: A character set defined by a code page approved by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The term "ANSI" as used to signify Windows code pages is a historical reference and a misnomer that persists in the Windows community. The source of this misnomer stems from the fact that the Windows code page 1252 was originally based on an ANSI draft, which became International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Standard 8859-1 [ISO/IEC-8859-1]. In Windows, the ANSI character set can be any of the following code pages: 1252, 1250, 1251, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 874, 932, 936, 949, or 950. For example, "ANSI application" is usually a reference to a non-Unicode or code-page-based application. Therefore, "ANSI character set" is often misused to refer to one of the character sets defined by a Windows code page that can be used as an active system code page; for example, character sets defined by code page 1252 or character sets defined by code page 950. Windows is now based on Unicode, so the use of ANSI character sets is strongly discouraged unless they are used to interoperate with legacy applications or legacy data.

ascending order: A sort order in which text strings are arranged in alphabetical order, numerical values are arranged from smallest to largest, and dates and times are arranged from oldest to newest.

ASCII: The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) is an 8-bit character-encoding scheme based on the English alphabet. ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that work with text. ASCII refers to a single 8-bit ASCII character or an array of 8-bit ASCII characters with the high bit of each character set to zero.

attribute: A characteristic of some object or entity, typically encoded as a name/value pair.

attribute drilldown: The process of examining the non-atomic constituent parts, such as properties or data elements, that make up an object.

attribute hierarchy: A single-level hierarchy that uses only an attribute or a column from a source, back-end relational database as its hierarchy. An attribute hierarchy typically has the same name as the attribute and is always associated with the attribute on which it is based. An all-level member can optionally be enabled for an attribute hierarchy. See also OLAP hierarchy.

Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF): A modified version of Backus-Naur Form (BNF), commonly used by Internet specifications. ABNF notation balances compactness and simplicity with reasonable representational power. ABNF differs from standard BNF in its definitions and uses of naming rules, repetition, alternatives, order-independence, and value ranges. For more information, see [RFC5234].

AutoFilter: A mechanism that can be used to filter tabular data based on user-defined criteria such as values, strings, and formatting.

AutoFormat: A built-in set of complementary formatting options that can be applied to ranges of cells and other objects in a document.

automatic calculation mode: A calculation mode in which formulas in a worksheet are recalculated automatically whenever the data changes. See also manual calculation mode.

AutoRecover: A feature that recovers document and application states in the event of a hardware or software failure.

AutoShow: A filter option that enables users to display a specified number of the top- or bottom-most items within a PivotTable field.

background color: A color against which characters, patterns, and graphics are displayed. See also foreground color.

Binary Interchange File Format (BIFF): The binary file formats that are used to save Excel workbooks.

border: A line that can be applied to the outer edge of a cell, shape, object, or chart element. A border can be variously formatted for style, color, and thickness.

border formatting: A set of properties that, as a whole, specify the appearance of a border, such as color, line style, and thickness.

border style: See border formatting.

build number: A part of a sequential numbering system that is used to differentiate one version of a software product from another.

built-in name: A member of the group of defined names that are reserved for specific functionality.

calculated column: A column (1) in a table that contains a formula that is copied automatically to each record in the column.

calculation mode: A setting that determines whether the formulas in a worksheet are recalculated automatically or manually. See also automatic calculation mode and manual calculation mode.

caption: One or more characters that can be used as a label for display purposes or as an identifier.

cascading style sheet (CSS): An extension to HTML that enables authors and users of HTML documents to attach style sheets to those documents, as described in [CSS-LEVEL1] and [CSS-LEVEL2]. A style sheet includes typographical information about the appearance of a page, including the font for text on the page.

cell: A box that is formed by the intersection of a row and a column (1) in a worksheet or a table. A cell can contain numbers, strings, and formulas, and various formats can be applied to that data.

cell reference: A set of coordinates that a cell occupies on a worksheet. For example, "B3" is the reference of a cell that appears at the intersection of column "B" and row "3".

cell value: The text or numeric content of a cell, or the results of a formula. A cell value does not include a formula expression, cell formatting, or other metadata.

center-across-selection alignment: A formatting setting that centers cell content horizontally within a selected range of cells.

character set: A mapping between the characters of a written language and the values that are used to represent those characters to a computer.

chart sheet: A single logical container that is used to create and store charts in a workbook.

chart sheet view: A set of display settings, such as zoom level, for a chart sheet window.

child element: In an XML document, an element that is subordinate to and is contained by another element, which is referred to as the parent element.

class identifier (CLSID): A GUID that identifies a software component; for instance, a DCOM object class (4) or a COM class.

code page: An ordered set of characters of a specific script in which a numerical index (code-point value) is associated with each character. Code pages are a means of providing support for character sets and keyboard layouts used in different countries. Devices such as the display and keyboard can be configured to use a specific code page and to switch from one code page (such as the United States) to another (such as Portugal) at the user's request.

collapsed outline state: A state in which the content that is nested within an outline is not displayed.

color scale: A specific range of colors that is used to give additional meaning to data by assigning certain values to colors in the spectrum.

column: (1) A single set of data that is displayed vertically in a worksheet or a table.

(2) See column chart.

comment: An annotation that is associated with a cell, text, or other object to provide context-specific information or reviewer feedback.

compact axis: A state in which PivotTable members from different levels in a hierarchy are displayed in a single column (1).

Component Object Model (COM): An object-oriented programming model that defines how objects interact within a single process or between processes. In COM, clients have access to an object through interfaces implemented on the object. For more information, see [MS-DCOM].

conditional formatting: A mechanism that changes the appearance of a user interface element based on the evaluation of a rule or expression.

connection string: A series of arguments, delimited by a semicolon, that defines the location of a database and how to connect to it.

credential: Previously established, authentication (2) data that is used by a security principal to establish its own identity. When used in reference to the Netlogon Protocol, it is the data that is stored in the NETLOGON_CREDENTIAL structure.

cube: A set of data that is organized and summarized into a multidimensional structure that is defined by a set of dimensions and measures.

cube function: A function that is used to extract and display Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) data sets and values.

custom list: A user-defined list (2) or enumeration that can be used to sort data in a worksheet.

custom view: A collection of display and print settings that users can name and save. Users can switch between custom views to change settings quickly.

Data Access Objects (DAO): A programming interface that can be used to access and manipulate database objects.

data bar: A graphical representation of cell content as a bar graph.

data consolidation: The process of combining tabular data from various worksheets into a single list.

data marker: A customizable symbol or shape that identifies a data point on a line, scatter, or radar chart. A data marker can be formatted with various sizes and colors.

data point: A representation of a PivotTable item in a PivotTable data field contained in a PivotChart report.

data provider: A known data source that is specific to a target type and that provides data to a collector type.

data recovery: A process in which files are repaired through error correction or restored from backup media.

data region: A region of a table that encompasses the range of cells that contains the table records. A data region does not include the header row, insert row, or total row of a table.

data source: A database, web service, disk, file, or other collection of information from which data is queried or submitted. Supported data sources vary based on application and data provider.

data table: A range of cells that is designated to perform what-if analysis for formulas, based on various input values.

data validation: The process of testing the accuracy of data; a set of rules that specify the type and range of data that users can enter.

date system: A method of calculating calendar dates and times.

DDE server: An application that responds to a Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) request from a DDE client application.

DDE topic: A general classification of information about a Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) server within which multiple, specific data items related to the topic can be exchanged.

defined name: A word or string of characters in a formula that represents a cell, range of cells, formula, or constant value.

diagonal-down: A cell border formatting that displays a line diagonally from the top left corner of a cell to the bottom right corner.

diagonal-up: A cell border formatting that displays a line diagonally from the bottom left corner of a cell to the top right corner.

dialog sheet: A single logical container that is used to create a custom dialog box.

dimension: A structural attribute of a cube, which is an organized hierarchy of categories (levels) that describe data in a fact table. These categories typically describe a similar set of members upon which the user bases an analysis.

display folder: A folder into which attributes, measures, calculated members, and key performance indicators can be organized to facilitate browsing.

distributed alignment: A formatting setting that spreads text evenly, both vertically and horizontally, between the edges of a cell, object, or page. Distributed alignment is used primarily with East Asian languages. See also justify distributed.

double accounting: An underline style that places two lines beneath the formatted text. Double accounting is frequently used to indicate totals.

drawing object: A shape, curve, line, WordArt, or other type of graphical object that can be inserted into a document.

drillthrough: A query that is used to retrieve individual records that were used to calculate an aggregate value.

drop zone: An area of a PivotTable report where fields can be positioned to affect the layout of the report. Each PivotTable report has four drop zones.

Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE): An inter-process communication method that is featured in Windows. DDE allows two or more applications that are running simultaneously to exchange data and commands.

embedded object: An object that is created by using one application and is hosted in a document that was created by using another application. Embedding an object, rather than inserting or pasting it, ensures that the object retains its original format. Users can double-click an embedded object and edit it with the toolbars and menus from the application that was used to create it. See also Object Linking and Embedding (OLE).

English Metric Unit (EMU): A measurement in computer typography. There are 635 EMUs per twip, 6,350 EMUs per half-point, 12,700 EMUs per point, and 914,400 EMUs per inch. These units are used to translate on-screen layouts to printed layouts for specified printer hardware.

Excel Linked Library (XLL): A Dynamic Link Library (DLL) that is authored to function as an add-in for Microsoft Excel.

Excel macro (XLM): A programming language that provides development capability in Microsoft Excel. XLM was superseded by Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications (VBA).

expand/collapse button: A user interface control that is used to determine which hierarchical level is displayed in an outline, or in row and column groupings.

expression: A combination of operators, symbols, constants, literal values, functions, names of fields or columns (1), controls, and properties that evaluates to a single value.

external data: Data that is stored in a repository outside a workbook.

external link: A reference to a cell, range, defined name, or other object in another worksheet or workbook.

external workbook: A workbook, other than the active workbook, that is on disk or in memory and to which a dependency is implied or intended.

file extension: The sequence of characters in a file's name between the end of the file's name and the last "." character. Vendors of applications choose such sequences for the applications to uniquely identify files that were created by those applications. This allows file management software to determine which application are to be used to open a file.

file format compatibility checker: A tool that identifies whether a workbook has compatibility issues that can cause a significant loss of functionality or a minor loss of fidelity in a different version of Microsoft Excel. The compatibility checker finds any potential compatibility issues and generates a report so that they can be resolved.

fill: A color, pattern, or other attribute that is used to format the background of a cell, shape, or chart element. See also fill color and fill pattern.

fill alignment: A setting that repeats a cell value to fill the horizontal space of a cell. If the cell value exceeds the horizontal width of the cell, the value is truncated.

fill color: A color that is used to fill the background of a cell, shape, or chart element.

fill pattern: A repetitive design that users can add to the background of a cell, shape, or chart element.

filter: A mechanism by which a set of data is scoped to display only those entries that meet specified logical criteria.

fit to page: A printing option that scales a document to print on a specified number of pages.

floating-point number: A number that is represented by a mantissa and an exponent according to a given base. The mantissa is typically a value between "0" and "1". To find the value of a floating-point number, the base is raised to the power of the exponent, and the mantissa is multiplied by the result.

folder: A file system construct. File systems organize a volume's data by providing a hierarchy of objects, which are referred to as folders or directories, that contain files and can also contain other folders.

font: An object that defines the graphic design, or formatting, of a collection of numbers, symbols, and letters. A font specifies the style (such as bold and strikeout), size, family (a typeface such as Times New Roman), and other qualities to describe how the collection is drawn.

font face color: A property of a cell that specifies the color that is used to render a font.

font face weight: A value that specifies the thickness of a font.

font family: A set of fonts that all have common stroke width and serif characteristics. For example, Times Roman and Times Roman Italic are members of the same font family.

font scheme: A combination of complementary fonts in a theme.

foreground color: A color that is used to display text, patterns, and other objects that appear in front of or on top of the background color.

format string: A string that contains the number formatting information to apply to data, such as decimal position, percentage indicator, or currency symbol.

formula: A logical equation or function that produces a result in a spreadsheet application.

formula bar: A user interface element that appears at the top of a worksheet and is used to display and edit cell content.

fragment identifier: A portion of a URI that specifies the destination of a hyperlink within a document.

friendly name: A name for a user or object that can be read and understood easily by a human.

frozen panes: Portions of a worksheet that remain static and do not scroll when the worksheet is displayed in split pane view. See also split pane.

function: A code module that takes a value as input, performs an operation, and returns the results to a worksheet.

function category: A group of worksheet functions that are part of the same broad usage area, such as Finance or Statistical. A function category can be built-in or user-defined.

future function: A function that can be written to but is not implemented in a file.

general alignment: A default formatting setting for the horizontal alignment of cell content in a worksheet. Text is positioned to the left and numbers are positioned to the right.

globally unique identifier (GUID): A term used interchangeably with universally unique identifier (UUID) in Microsoft protocol technical documents (TDs). Interchanging the usage of these terms does not imply or require a specific algorithm or mechanism to generate the value. Specifically, the use of this term does not imply or require that the algorithms described in [RFC4122] or [C706] must be used for generating the GUID. See also universally unique identifier (UUID).

gradient fill: A type of fill that applies gradient formatting to the background of a cell or an object.

gradient stop: A marker on a gradient spectrum that denotes where a specific color is introduced in gradient formatting.

gradient vector: A vector that indicates the direction of a gradient fill. The gradient vector is perpendicular to the bands of color.

grand total: An aggregation of all of the field subtotals in a PivotTable report.

gridline: A line that is drawn on a worksheet or table for use as a visual aid to distinguish between cells.

hash: A fixed-size result that is obtained by applying a one-way mathematical function, which is sometimes referred to as a hash algorithm, to an arbitrary amount of data. If the input data changes, the hash also changes. The hash can be used in many operations, including authentication (2) and digital signing.

header: A line, or lines, of content in the top margin area of a page in a document or a slide in a presentation. A header typically contains elements such as the title of the chapter, the title of the document, a page number, or the name of the author.

header row: A row in a table, typically the first row, that contains labels for columns (1) in the table.

hidden: A condition of an object that prevents it from being displayed in rendered output.

hidden column: A column (1) that does not appear in a worksheet view because its width is set to 0 (zero). A column can be hidden if an outline is collapsed.

hidden protection: A cell protection property that prevents formulas, but not values, from appearing in a cell when a worksheet is protected.

hidden row: A row that does not appear in a worksheet view because its height is set to "0" (zero). A row can be hidden if the data is filtered or an outline is collapsed.

hierarchy: A logical tree structure that organizes the members of a dimension such that each member has one parent member and zero or more child members.

horizontal alignment: A formatting setting that specifies how content is positioned within the horizontal space of a cell, object, or page. Content can be aligned along the left or right edge, or distributed evenly across the horizontal space.

hyperlink: A relationship between two anchors, as described in [RFC1866].

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): An application of the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) that uses tags to mark elements in a document, as described in [HTML].

icon: A graphical image used to supplement alphanumeric text in the visual identification of an object on a computer monitor. Icons are typically small, relative to the size of the area on which they are displayed.

icon set: A collection of icons that can be used to comment and classify data into categories.

indentation level: A measure of the distance between the position of content that is in a cell and the logical left side of the cell. An indentation level is equal to three spaces.

Information Rights Management (IRM): A technology that provides persistent protection to digital data by using encryption, certificates (1), and authentication (2). Authorized recipients or users acquire a license to gain access to the protected files according to the rights or business rules that are set by the content owner.

ink: A process of entering text in handwritten form. Instead of converting handwritten text to typed text, ink is converted to an object and displayed exactly as it was written.

inner rectangle: In a cell that is formatted with a rectangular gradient, a rectangle that is formed by the leftmost, rightmost, topmost, and bottommost lines of pixels in which the initial color of the gradient is completely dissipated. See also rectangular gradient.

input cell: A cell in which each input value from a data table is substituted.

Input Method Editor (IME): An application that is used to enter characters in written Asian languages by using a standard 101-key keyboard. An IME consists of both an engine that converts keystrokes into phonetic and ideographic characters and a dictionary of commonly used ideographic words.

insert row: A placeholder row at the bottom of a table. It is used to enter new records.

iterative calculation: A calculation mode in which calculations are performed until a specific numeric condition is met or a maximum number of iterations is reached.

justify alignment: A formatting setting that spreads text evenly, both vertically and horizontally, between the edges of a cell, object, or page. Also referred to as distributed alignment.

justify distributed: A special, distributed-alignment setting that evenly distributes the last line of text in a cell. The setting is primarily used for East Asian languages. See also distributed alignment.

key performance indicator (KPI): A predefined measure that is used to track performance against a strategic goal, objective, plan, initiative, or business process. A visual cue is frequently used to communicate performance against the measure.

language code identifier (LCID): A 32-bit number that identifies the user interface human language dialect or variation that is supported by an application or a client computer.

left-to-right: A reading order in which characters in words are read from left to right, and words are read from left to right in sentences.

level: A relative position in a hierarchy of data. A level is frequently used when describing how to navigate a hierarchy in an Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) database or a PivotTable report.

library directory: A directory in which Microsoft Excel add-ins are installed.

line style: A style, including width and dash type, that is applied to and alters the appearance of a line or border.

linear gradient: A type of gradient fill in which the color of a cell or other object gradually changes horizontally, vertically, or diagonally from one edge of the object to the other.

linked object: An object that is inserted into a document and continues to exist in a separate source file. If the object in the source file changes, the object in the document is updated automatically to reflect those changes.

little-endian: Multiple-byte values that are byte-ordered with the least significant byte stored in the memory location with the lowest address.

locale: A collection of rules and data that are specific to a language and a geographical area. A locale can include information about sorting rules, date and time formatting, numeric and monetary conventions, and character classification.

locked: The condition of a cell, worksheet, or other object that restricts edits or modifications to it by users.

locked protection: A cell-protection property that restricts the editing of cell content when a worksheet is protected.

logical left: A position that is relative to the language orientation of a document. Logical left means left, except in a right-to-left language where it means right. Also referred to as leading edge.

logical right: A position that is relative to the language orientation of a document. Logical right means right, except in a right-to-left language where it means left. Also referred to as trailing edge.

logical top-left: A position that is relative to the language orientation of a document. Logical top-left is the upper-left corner of a range or object when in left-to-right mode. It is the upper-right corner when in right-to-left mode.

logical top-right: A position that is relative to the language orientation of a document. Logical top-right is the upper-right corner of a range or object when in left-to-right mode. It is the upper-left corner when in right-to-left mode.

long file name: A folder or file name that is longer than the 8.3 file name standard, which permits as many as eight characters followed by a period and a file name extension of three characters.

macro: A set of instructions that are recorded or written, and then typically saved to a file. When a macro is run, all of the instructions are performed automatically.

macro sheet: A single, logical container that is used to store and run Microsoft Excel 4.0 for Windows macro formulas.

major scheme: A font scheme that

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