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Guided Chemical Notes: Bonding and Interactions
Types of Bonds
Chemical bonds form when two _________________ combine to form __________________
This process results when atoms lose, gain, or share __________________ in order to make
their outer shells “____________” (aka stable)
Type of Bond Forms Between? Description ExampleIonic
Covalent
Metallic
What type of bond would form between…?
o Hydrogen and oxygen? ________________________
o Lithium and Fluorine? _________________________
o Carbon and Hydrogen? ________________________
Naming Chemical Formulas
Oxidation number is the __________ on an
ion
Indicates the # of electrons gained or lost to
become ____________________
Naming Ionic Compounds: Rules
Write the names of both elements, cation first.
Change the anion’s ending to -ide.
For ions with variable oxidation #’s, write the oxidation # in parentheses using Roman
numerals. Overall charge = 0.
Write the names of polyatomic ions.
Example: Sodium and Bromine
Example: Transition Metals
Example: Polyatomic Atoms
Writing Ionic Formulas: Rules
Write each ion. Put the cation first.
Overall charge must equal zero.
If charges cancel, just write the symbols.
If not, crisscross the charges to find subscripts.
Use parentheses when more than one
polyatomic ion is needed.
Roman numerals indicate the oxidation #.
Examples: Writing Ionic FormulasPotassium chloride
Magnesium nitrate
Copper (II) chloride
Calcium oxide
Aluminum chlorate
Iron (III) oxide
Naming Molecular Compounds: Rules
Write the names of both elements.
Change the final ending to -ide.
Add prefixes to indicate subscripts.
Only use mono- prefix with oxide.
Examples: Writing Molecular NamesCCl4
N20
SF6
Writing Molecular Formulas: Rules
Write the more metallic element first.
Add subscripts according to prefixes.
Examples: Writing Molecular Formulasphosphorus trichloride
dinitrogen pentoxide
dihydrogen monoxide
Chemical Reactions
Chemical Reactions change one or more substances into _____________ substances!
o ________________ are substances that combine or change
o ________________ are the new substances that are produced
A __________________________ uses formulas and symbols to describe a chemical reaction
and the products it produces
___________________________-numbers which
represent the number of units of each substance in a
reaction
___________________________- number which
represents the number of atoms in a molecule of a
particular element
Chemical equations must be _____________________ because of the law of
___________________________________________________________!
o Therefore, the numbers must match on both sides
Rules:
o Make a chart
o List elements
o Count Elements
o Balance (add/mult.)
Things you cannot do:
o Change a subscript
o Place coefficient in middle-must go in beginning
Types of Chemical Reactions
Exothermic Reaction Endothermic Reaction
Ex. Ex.
Chemical Reaction Definition General Formula Example
Synthesis
Decomposition
Single Replacement
Double Replacement
Combustion
Acids and Bases
The ___________________ measures how acidic or basic a substance is (ranges from 0-14)
A substance that is neither acidic or basic is ____________________. A pH of 7 is neutral
Scale reading less than 7 indicates an ___________________
Scale reading greater than 7 indicates a _________________
Acids BasesCommon Characteristics: Common Characteristics:
Common Household Uses: Common Household Uses: