€¦ · Web viewClass I. Subject: EVS Chapter 7 Clothes . We need clothes tocover our body. They...

Rishi Aurobindo Memorial Academy134 P K Guha Road DumDum Kol-28

Study Material of 3042020For Class Nursery to XII

Class NurserySubject Topic Execution

English Letter lsquoHrsquo The hungry parakeet (4 lines)

Write in the copy Learn

Math Number lsquo8rsquo Reading book Pg 52

Write in copy Read and repeat

Hindi Letter lsquoअrsquo Write in copyBengali সবরবরণ উ ঊ বরণ দটি ৫ লাইন করের লেলখ Write in copy

Class KG ISubject Topic ExecutionEnglish Cursive letters A- D Write in cursive letters A-D in copyMath Backward counting 40-20 Write in copy

Class KG IISubject Topic Execution

English 6 CVC words with lsquoOrsquo in the middle

Learn

Science (Term I) Pg 117 (ab) Read and learnBengali আ কার লোরে দশটি শবদ লেলখ Write in copyHindi lsquoईrsquo की मातरा स 5 शबद Write in copy

Class ISubject EVS Chapter 7 Clothes We need clothes tocover our body They protect us from heat rain cold wind insect bites dirt and dust Clean clothes also make us look smartClothes for different Seasons-Clothes for the summer season - We wear light cotton clothes in summerThey keep us coolClothes for the winter season- We wear woollen clothes in winterThey keep us warmClothes for the rainy season - We wear raincoat and gumboots to protect ourselves from getting wet in the rainy seasonWe also carry an umbrellaCare of clothes - It is important to take good care of your clothes

Wash your clothes and keep them neat and tidy Wear ironed clothes Keep them neatly In the cupboard

Subject MathsRead the number and their number names (1 to 10)

1 One2 Two3 Three4 Four5 Five6 Six7 Seven8 Eight9 Nine10 Ten

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Class IISubject ndash EVS

Topic ndash ch 2 My Body [Pg 93 ndash Pg 96]

Humanbody is similar to a machine for example a car As a car has different parts both internal and external and each part has different function similarly humanbody also has different parts both internal and external and each has different function

External parts are those parts of our body which we can see and touch Example ndash head neck hands legs etcOur head has 2 eyes2 ears1 nose and a mouth The mouth has 2 lips 1 tongue and many teeth inside it We have two hands with 4 fingers a thumb in each hand We have 2 legs with five toes in each foot

Internal parts are those parts of our body that our inside our bodywe cannot see or touch them Example ndash brain heart lungs stomachmusclesbones etc

o Brain- helps us to think and controld our body movemento Heart- pumps blood to all the other parts of the bodyo Lungs ndashhelps us to breatho Stomach- helps us to digest the foodo Bones- gives shape to our bodyo Muscles- helps to move our body parts with the help of the bones

SUBJECT- MATHEMATICSGREATER LESSER AND EQUAL TO PUT gtlt OR = SIGN

a) 59 gt 32 b)10 = 10 c) 28 lt 98INCREASING ORDER WRITE IN INCREASING ORDER

a)46902053 b) 36176375Ans) 20465390 Ans) 17366375

NUMERALS WRITE THE NUMERALS OF THE GIVEN NUMBER NAMES

a) Twenty Two- 22 b) Hundred- 100 c) Sixty Nine- 69SKIP COUNTING FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH SKIP COUNTING

a) 3579111315 b)15202530354045ADDITION FIND THE SUM

a)14+3=17 b)12+4=16 c)12+6=18SUBTRACTION FIND THS DIFFERENCE

a)11-5=6 b)15-6=9 c)40-30=10EXPANDED FORM WRITE IN EXPANDED FORM

a)26=2 Tens+6 Ones b)39=3 Tens+9 Ones c) 54=5 Tens+4 OnesREDUCED FORM WRITE IN REDUCED FORM

a)8 Tens+0 Ones=80 b)9 Tens+1 One=91MULTIPLICATION FIND THE PRODUCT

a) 7 b)8 c)10 d)2 e)9 f)5 times5 times3 times5 times8 times2 times6

------ ------ ------ ------ ------ -------35 24 50 16 18 30

------ ------- ------ ------ ------- -------______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Class IIISubject social studies

Topic My family and IFamily membersThe relatives from your fathers side are your paternal relativesThe relatives from your motherrsquos side are your maternal relativesYour parents parents are your grandparentsYou are your grandparentrsquos grandchild

Family tree a family tree is a drawing or a chart that tells us how family members are related to each other It actually shows the relationship between each of the family members through pictures The above picture is the picture of the family tree The family tree starts with the grandparents because they are the first generation Our uncles aunts and parents belong to second generation Our cousins and we belong to third generation

Subject Science Ch 1 (Living and Non-living Things) Living and Non-living ThingsIntroductionWe se see many things around us Things can be divided into two groups living and non-living things Human beings animals and plants are living things Non-living things such as books pencil table water Features of living things1 Living things move ndash Living things can move on their own Animals like cats dogs lion walk and run with the help of their legs Fishes use their fins to swim birds and some insects fly with the help of their wings They move in search of food shelter and also to protect themselves from their enemies

Plants cannot move from one place to another but they show their movement by their body parts For example the sunflower moves towards the sunlight roots grow downwards into the soil for water 2 Living things need food ndash living things need food to live and grow Food gives them energy to do work and also helps them to become strong and healthy Animals get their food from plants and other animals but plants use sunlight air and water to make their own food3 Living things breathe ndash Living things breathe to stay alive Animals such as cats dogs human beings have lungs to breathe Insects have tiny holes on their body called spiracles to breathe Fish breathe through their gills Plants breathe through stomata

Non living things do not move do not need food to grow and also do not breathe

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Class IVSubject social studiesTopic A peep into the past

Ancient (prehistoric ndashAD 700)Early man came to Indian subcontinent around 70000 BC They were all food gatherers hunters and nomads Ancient India are divided into four categories based on the types of tools they used ndashPaleolithic period Mesolithic period Neolithic period and Chalcolithic period Chalcolithic period was followed by the Vedic age It was during the time when Vedas were written

Medieval (AD 700 ndashAD 1857)Early Medieval period is marked by the presence of many regional and local powers The Mughals ruled over most of the Northern Indiain the later medieval period

Modern (AD 1857 onwards)During this period in 16th and 17th century theBritishershad developed themselves as a dominant power in India During this time India started movements against the British for freedom India got freedom and partitioned in 1947 resulting in the formation of two countries Pakistan and Bangladesh

The above picture shows the partition of India during 1947 which led the formation of two countries Pakistan and Bangladesh History links our present to our past It helps us to understand who we are how our country has evolved and why are the things as they are It forms the basefor understanding the world our country and the events happening around the world

Subject MATHEMATICSCh 2 (Numbers and Number Names)

Place Value and Face Value We know place value states the position of a digit in a given number whereas face value describes the value of the digit

For better understanding here we are going to discuss about the place value in detailPlace ValuePlace value of a digit in a number is the digit multiplied by thousand or hundred or whatever place it is situatedFor exampleFind the place value of each digit in 623405 NumberPlace ValueIn figuresIn words

6 2 3 4 0 5

5 Five 0 Zero 400 Four hundred 3000 Three thousand 20000 Twenty thousand 600000 Six lakh

Face ValueFace value of a digit in a number is the digit itself More clearly face value of a digit always remains same irrespective of the position where it is located For exampleFind the face values of 2 3 and 4 in 623405 The face value of the mention digits will remain as 2 3 and 4

Ascending and Descending Order 1 Ascending Order Numbers are said to be in ascending order when they are arranged from the smallest to the largest number [ Ascending order means increasing order]

Ascending order[smallest to largest]

2Descending Order Numbers are said to be descending order when they are arranged from the largest to the smallest number [ Descending order means decreasing order]

Descending order [largest to smallest]______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Class VSubject MATHEMATICSCh 2 (Numbers and Number Names)

Place Value and Face Value We know place value states the position of a digit in a given number whereas face value describes the value of the digit For better understanding here we are going to discuss about the place value in detailPlace Value Place value of a digit in a number is the digit multiplied by thousand or hundred or whatever place it is situated For example In 709256143the place value of 9 is = 9times 1000000 = 9000000 [Here to get the place value of 9 we multiply 9 by 1000000 Because the 9 is at ten-lakhs place]Face Value Face value of a digit in a number is the digit itself More clearly face value of a digit always remains same irrespective of the position where it is located For example In 709256143 the place value of 9 is 9

Roman Numerals Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers through Europe well into the Late Middle Ages Number in this system is presented by combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet

1 I 9 IX 17 XVII

2 II 10 X 18 XVIII

3 III 11 XI 19 XIX

4 IV 12 XII 02 XX

5 V 13 XIII 50 L

6 VI 14 XIV 100 C

7 VII 15 XV 500 D

8 VIII 16 XVI 1000 M

Note1 I is subtracted from V and X only2 V and L are never subtracted3 X is subtracted from L and C only

V and L are never repeated

Subject social studiesTopic Evolution of man

The above picture shows about hominids and homosapiensHominids apes that started living on the landHomosapiens wise humansLife of early humansIn the early stages the primitive man used stones to hunt animals Gradually he discovered that hunting could be easier if the stones were sharpened Tools which they used it were of different shapes and sizes They used it for chopping meat hunting animals digging the ground and stitching animal skins to cover themselves The oldest tools are the Oldowan stone tools from Ethiopia They are 25 million years old

The picture above shows the different stones were used as stone tools during early stageMan discovers fire

Early hominids experienced that the forest caught fire due to lightning First they were afraid of it Later they saw that the animals were afraid of fire Discovery of fire happened accidentally when they were rubbing two stones for sharpening This produced spark which fell on the grass and caught fire Discovery of fire was very useful for the early man They cooked food give warmth and kept away wild animalsFarming Agriculture began in the Neolithic age During this time man learnt to sow seeds grow plants and harvests them Wheat and barley were the first crops to be grown It turned the nomadic hunter-gatherer to a food producer They started to live a settled life made mud houses and lived in small communitiesLater they started to grow crops in different seasons

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Class VISUBJECT ndash BIOLOGYCHAPTER ndash Cell The Basic Unit of LifeCell Cell is a basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms It is so tiny in size that it cannot be seen by naked eyes Cells can be seen by compound microscope or electronic microscopeCells are of different shape like ndash

spherical shape elongated bean shaped Spindle shaped

A typical cell consists of - 1 cell membrane 2 cytoplasm and3 Nucleus

A cell is protected by a cell membraneCell organelles There are some tiny structures in the cytoplasm of the cell which performs various functions in the cell They are called cell organelles or organs of the cellsFew main cell organelles are ndash

nucleus plastic vacuoles

There are few differences between plant cell and animal cell Plant cell has cell wall on the outside of the cell membrane which is absent in animal cell Plants cells also have plastid which is absent in animal cell Plant cells are larger in size than animal cells Plant cells are rectangular in shape Animal cells are spherical in shapeSome Cell organelles and their function

Cell Organelles Functions

Cell membrane Provides shape protects the inner organelle of the cell and acts as a selectively permeable membrane

Centrosomes It plays a major role in organizing the microtubule and Cell division

Chloroplasts Sites of photosynthesis

Cytoplasm Responsible for the cellrsquos metabolic activities

Endoplasmic Reticulum Forms the skeletal framework of the cell involved in the Detoxification production of Lipids and proteins

Golgi apparatus It is mainly involved in secretion and intracellular transport

Lysosomes Helps in the digestion and removes wastes and digests dead and damaged cells Therefore it is also called as the ldquosuicidal bagsrdquo

Mitochondria The main sites of cellular respiration and also involved in storge energy in the form of ATP molecules

Nucleus Controls the activity of the cell helps in cell division and controls the hereditary characters

Plastids Helps in the process of photosynthesis and pollination Imparts colour for leaves flowers and fruits and stores starch proteins and fats

Ribosomes Involved in the Synthesis of Proteins

Vacuoles Provide shape and rigidity to the plant cell and helps in digestion excretion and storage of substances

Plastids Plastids are large membrane-bound organelles which contain pigments Types of PlastidsBased on the type of pigments plastids are of three types

Chloroplasts ndashThiese are green in colour These pigments are responsible for trapping light energy for photosynthesis

Chromoplasts ndash The chromoplasts include fat-soluble carotenoid pigments like xanthophylls carotene etc which provide the plants with their characteristic color ndash yellow orange red etc

Leucoplasts ndash Leucoplasts are colorless plastids which store nutrients

Subject ndash MathematicsTopic NumbersChapter Number system (consolidating the sense of numberness)Consolidating It means to combine or to unite into oneTherefore different facts in number system will be combined in this chapter such as

(i) Comparing numbers(ii) Numbers in ascending and descending order(iii) Effect of shifting digits

Today we will study (i) comparing numbers

(i) Comparing numbers

In order to compare two numbers follow the ruleRule ndash 1 If the two numbers have different number of digits the number with larger number of digits its greaterExample 329 have larger number of digit as compared to 57Therefore we write 329 gt 57Rule ndash 2 If the two numbers have equal numbers of digits then we follow the stepsStep ndash 1 Compare the digits at the leftmost places in both the numbers Example 259 is greater than 137 because here 2 gt 1Step ndash 2 If both the numbers have same digits at the leftmost place compare their second digit from the left Example 3972 is greater than 3793 because here 9 gt 7Step ndash 3 If first two digits from the left of given numbers are equal in value compare their third digits from the left Example 85327 is greater than 85235 because here 3 gt 2

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Class VIISubject Biology Topic ndash Ch-1 TissueOrganization of living organism Started from cell amp ends into organism

Organismuarr

Organ System

uarrOrgan

uarrTissue

uarrCell

Cell The structural and functional unit of lifeTissue A group of similar cells that perform a specific function ex xylem - plant issue blood - Animal tissue Plant tissue is mainly divided into twobullMeristematic tissue is divided on the basis of the position in the plant bodybull Apical found at the tip of the stem amp roots It increases the length of the stem and rootsbull Lateral found along the sides of the stem amp roots It increases the diameter of stem and rootsbullIntercalary found between nodes internodes and leaves It increases the length of these parts

Simple permanent tissue

Parenchyma

bullMade up of thin walled cellsbull Intercellular spaces are presentbullIt stores foodbullPresent in soft parts of fruit

CollenchymabullMade up of cells whose corners are thickenedbullIntercellular spaces are absentbullIt gives support to the plantbull Found in leaf stalk and below the epidermis of stem

SclerenchymabullMade up of cells whose cell walls are uniformly thickenedbull Intercellular spaces are absentbullIt gives strength and rigidity to the plantbull Found in veins of leaves bark of tree

Complex permanent tissueThis type of tissue is made up of cells those are made up to more than two types of cells ndash Xylem and Phloem

Xylem

Mainly made up of dead cells Xylem elements are tracheids trachea xylem fibres Cell wall is thick and lignified Conduct water and minerals only in upward direction

Phloem

Mainly made up of living cells Phloem elements are sieve tube companion cells phloem parenchyma and phloem fiber Cell wall is thin composed of cellulose Conduct food from leaves in all directions

Subject ndash MathematicsTopic Numbers System Chapter IntegerInteger Corresponding to natural numbers 1 2 3 helliphellip etc We create new numbers -1 -2 -3 etc Where

-1 is negative of 1-2 is negative of 2-3 is negative of 3 and so onCombining these new numbers with whole numbers we get a new collection of numbers called integersProperties of Multiplication of Integers The product of two integers of same sign is always positiveThe product of one positive integer and one negative integer is always negativeProperties of multiplication of lsquoIntegersrsquo1) Closure Property Example 5 times 8 = 40 is also an integer2) Commutative Property Example 5 times 6 = 30 6 times 5 = 303) Associative Property Example 3 times (7 times 3) = 3 times 21 = 63 (3 times 7) times3 = 21 times 3 = 634) Distributive Property Example 8 times (- 9 + 5) = 8 times - 9 + 8 times 5 = - 72 + 40 = - 32______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Class VIIISubject MATHEMATICSCh 1 (Rational Numbers)IntroductionIn earlier classes we have studied natural numbers whole numbers integers and fractions We shall review these numbers and study rational numbers1 Natural Numbers Counting numbers are known as natural number Thus 1 2 3 4 5 6 etc are natural numbers2 Whole Numbers Every natural number as well as 0 is a whole number Thus 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 etc are whole numbers3 Integers Every whole number and the negative of every natural number is an integer Thus -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 are all integersNote 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 hellip etc are positive integersAnd -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 hellip etc are negative integersAlso 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 hellip etc are non-negative integersAlso 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 hellip etc are non-positive integers

4 Fraction The numbers of the formab where a and b are natural numbers are called fractions

For example 34

43

718

187

3367

6733 etc are all fractions

RATIONAL NUMBERS

The numbers which can be expressed in the formpq where p and q are integers and q ne 0 are called rational

numbersRemember(i) Every natural number every whole number every integer and every fraction is a rational number

(ii) Zero (0) can be written as 01

02

05

0minus10

0minus15

022

etc in each of these cases denominator is not equal to zero

So zero can be expressed as a fraction with non-zero denominatorthere4 Zero (0) is a rational number

(iii) Every terminating decimal is a rational number eg 09 = 9

10 023 = 23100 143 =

143100 etc

Note Existence of additive identity of rational numbersAdditive identity for rational numbers is zero (0)When the additive identity is added to any rational number or any rational number is added to the additive identity the rational number remains the samethere4 0 + a rational number = The same rational number + 0 = the rational number itselfExistence of additive inverse of a rational number The negative of a rational number is called its additive inverse (i)

The additive inverse of 35 = -

35 (ii) The additive inverse of

minus58 =

58 and so on

The sum of a rational number and its additive inverse = Additive identity

Rational Numbers

RULE EXAMPLE

ab =

ntimesantimesb

23 =

4 times 24 times 3 =

812

ab =

a divide nb divide n

812 =

8divide 412divide 4 =

23

aa = a times

1a = 1

44 = 4 times

14 = 1

ab +

cb =

a+cb

35 +

15 =

3+15 =

45

ab -

cb =

aminuscb

35 -

15 =

3minus15 =

25

ab times

cd =

a times cb timesd

14 times

23 =

1 times24 times 3 =

212

ab divide

cd =

ab times

dc

14 divide

23 =

14 times

32 =

38

To compare Add or Subtract fractions 1 Find a common denominator2 Rewrite fractions as equivalent fractions with common denominators3 Compare add or subtract these fractions

What is Irrational Number

An Irrational Number can NOT be written in the formab where a and b are integers and b is nonzero

Example prod radic3 radic5

Subject Biology Topic - Ch1 Transport of food and Minerals in plants

Needs of transport system Transport water and minerals absorbed by the roots up to the leaves Transport food prepared by the leaves to the other parts of the plant

Xylem

bull Xylem is a complex conducting tissue It is made up of four types of cells -

i) Vessels

Provide mechanical support Transport water and minerals upward

ii) Tracheid

Help in the upward conductionof water Provide mechanical support

iii) Xylem fibers bull Provide mechanical support

iv) xylem Parenchyma

store food

help in the conduction of water and mineralsPhloem

bull Phloem is a complex conducting tissue It is made up of

i)Sieve tubes conduct foodii) Companion cells help in the conduction offood materialiii) Phloem fibers give mechanical strength tothe plantiv) Phloem Parenchyma store foodNeeds of water for plants

Water transport substances in solution form It acts as a raw material in food preparation by photosynthesis

The excess water when evaporates by transpiration it creates a suction pull that causes ascent of sapMacronutrients Deficiency Symptoms

bull Nitrogen (N)

bull Phosphorus(P)bull Potassium (K)

bull Yellowing of leaves andwrinkling of grainsbull Premature falling of leavesbull Curling of leaf tips yellowing of leaves

Micronutrientsbull Iron(Fe)bull Zinc (Zn)bull Manganese(Mn)

bullYellowing of leaves and weak stembullYellowing of leaves deformed leaves and stunted growthbullYellowing of leaves with grey spots

Features of root hair that helps in absorption of water

bull Numerous in numbers So they have a larger surface areabull Cell sap of root hair is more concentrated than soil waterbull The cell wall of root hair is freely permeable______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Class IXSUBJECT ndash EVSCHAPTER ndash1(UNDERSTANDING OUR ENVIRONMENT)Environmental science The term Environment means the surrounding of an organism It includes both living and nonliving components Environment is define as a complex relationship of biotic factors and abiotic factors Ecology The term ecology was introduced by a German biologist Henns Reiter in 1868 Ecology is the study of relationships between organisms and their environment Study of environmental science Today the study of environmental science has become very important for the protection and improvement of human environment So the study of environmental science helps us to know about the current environmental problems and how to deal with them Main Environmental Problems

1 Resource depletion 2 Pollution 3 Extinction of species

Resource depletion All the materials and energy essential for the survival and welfare of living being are provided by nature They are called natural resources The main natural resources are water oil forests land fossil fuels and minerals Resource depletion is the consumption of the resources faster than it can be replenished The main causes of resource depletion are ndash

1 Over population growth

2 Over uses of resources 3 Technological and industrial development 4 Non equitable distribution

Pollution Any addition to the air water soil or food that threatens the health survival capabilities for activities of humans or other living organisms is called pollution Pollutant The undesirable substance that pollute the environment are called pollutants Types of pollutants - On the basis of their origin the pollutants can be classified into two groups ndash

1 Natural pollutants ( carbon dioxide carbon monoxide) 2 Man made or synthetic pollutants ( pesticides detergents )

On the basis of their nature the pollutant can be classified into following three groups ndash 1 Physical pollutants 2 Chemical pollutants ( pesticides weedicides toxic gases ) 3 Biological pollutants ( pathogenic microorganisms )

On the basis of their degradation quality the pollutant can be classified into two groups ndash 1 Biodegradable pollutants ( domestic garbage sewage etc ) 2 Non biodegradable pollutants ( plastics pesticides radioactive waste etc )

On the basis of their origins the pollutant can be classified into following two groups ndash 1 Primary pollutant ( Sulphur dioxide carbon dioxide etc ) 2 Secondary pollutant ( PAN etc )

Types of pollution 1) Air pollution 2) Soil pollution 3) Water pollution 4) Radiation pollution 5) Noise pollution 6) Thermal pollution 7) Marine pollution

Subject ndash MathematicsTopic Pure ArithmeticChapter Rational and Irrational NumbersRational Number Any number which can be expressed as a pq form and where p and q are both integers and q not equal to zero (0) Example 67 where 6 and 7 are both integers and 7 not equal to zero (0)Properties of rational numbers

(i) Addition of two rational numbers is also rational number(ii) Subtraction of two rational numbers is also rational number(iii) Multiplication of two rational numbers is also rational number(iv) Division of two rational numbers is also a rational number(v) Two rational numbers a and b where a lt b then ( a + b)2 which is a rational number and it

belong to a lt(a + b)2 lt b

Subject-Economics

Chapter 1 introduction to economics

In this chapter we will learn about the definition of economics the concept of micro and macro economics and the types of economic activities

Definition of economics

The term economics was originally derived from the two Greek words oikosrsquowhich means household and lsquonomous which means management Thus Economics is defined as management of a household using the Limited funds In other words Economics is defined as the social science that studies economic activities

bull Howeverthere are the major definitions of Economics categories under the following four groups

bullWealth definition

bullMaterial welfare definition

bullScarcity definition

bullGrowth definition

Welfare definition of economics

This definition is given by Adam Smith According to the wealth definition ldquoEconomics is defined as an enquiry into the nature and causes of wealth of nationsrdquo

Welfare definition

This definition is given by professor Alfred Marshall According to the Welfare definition ldquoEconomics is defined as a study of mankind in the ordinary business of life It examines that part of individual and social actions which is most closely connected with the attainment and use of material requisites of well-beingrdquo

Scarcity definition

This definition is given by professor Lionel Robbins According to the Welfare definition ldquoEconomics is defined as the science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses

Growth definition

This definition is given by samuelson

According to the growth definition Economics is defined as the study of how men and Society choose with or without the use of money to employees cares productive resources which food have alternative uses to produce various commodities overtime and distribute them for consumption now and in the future among various people and Groups of society

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Class XSubject Topic Summary Execution

Math Topic Commercial MathematicsChapter Shares and dividends

Study item Some solved sums from exercise ndash 3 4) Find the market price of 5 Rs 100 share when a person gets a dividend of Rs 65 by investing Rs 1430Solution Face value of one share = Rs 100Rate of dividend = 5Annual income or total dividend = Rs 65 Total investment = Rs 1430We know that Annual income or total dividend = numbers of shares times rate of dividend times face value of one shareOr 65 = number of shares times 5 times Rs 100 = number of shares times 5100 times 100 = number of shares times 5

Therefore number of shares = 655 = 13Again we know that Number of shares = investment market value of one shareOr market value of one share = 143013 = 1105) Salaam buys 50 shares of face value Rs 100 available at Rs 132(i) What is his investment (ii) If the dividend is 7bull5 pa what will be his annual income (iii) If he wants to increase his annual income by Rs 150 how many extra shares should he buy Solution Number of shares = 50 Face value of one share = Rs 100 Market value of one share = Rs132Salmanrsquos total investment = Number of shares times market value of one share = 50 times Rs 132 = Rs 6600Given rate of dividend = 7bull5Therefore his annual income = number of shares times rate of dividend times face value of one share= 50 times7bull5 times Rs 100= 50 times 751000 timesRs 100= 5times Rs 75= Rs 375Since income on one share = Rs 7bull5Therefore for income of Rs 150 the number of shares = Rs 150Rs 7bull5 = 20

BENGALI(2ND LANGUAGE)

ldquoলেদবতার জণমrdquoশিশবরাম চকরবত

ততীয় শিদরেনর পাঠ- ওই লেকৌতহলী জনতার সননযাসী লেসরেজ ওঠার কারন লেস শিবনাপয়সায় বযবসার ফা াদ লেপরেতরে1 লেলাকটির উপর লেলখরেকর মারে2 মারে2 রা হয় শিকনত লেলাকটি বলরেত থারেক এ লেদবতা খব জাগরত কলকাতায় বসনত লেরা মহামাশির ররেপ লেদখা শিদরেল ও এপাড়ারেত বাবার চররণামত লেখরেয় সবাই সসথ আরে1 বসরেনতর কথা শরেন লেলখক ভয় লেপরেয় ান শিতশিন বসরেনতর টিকার বদরেল লেহাশিমওপযাশিথ ওষধ খান লেফরার পরেথ রাসতায় মত লেদহ লেদরেখ লেলখক আরও ভয় লেপরেয় ান শিতশিন কশিবরাজী ওষধ খান বাশিড়রেত এরেস বসনত লেরারের কথা বলরেল লেলখরেকর মা তা ার হারেত একটকরেরা হরতকী লেবারেধ লেদন লেসটা লেবারেধই মারেয়র নাশিক সারাজীবন হাম পনত হয়শিন তবও লেলখক শিনশিBনত হরেত পারেরন না মরেন এই শশিCও লেনই লে খাশিল চররণামত লেখরেল লেরা আর হরেবনা টিকা শিনরেয় লেফরার পরেথ অশবতথতলায় লেলাকটির কথা তা ার মরেন পরেড় হয়রেতা লেলাকটি ঠিক কথা বলরে1 এটাও ভাবরেত থারেকন হয়রেতা সব শিক1র বযাখযা হয়না বা বযাখযা মানষ শিদরেত পারেরন না অবরেশরেষ লেলখক মাটিরেত মাথা লেঠশিকরেয় পরনাম জানায় পাথরটিরেক এবং মরেখ বরেলন ndash lsquoজয় বাবা শিKরেলারেকশবর রকষা করেরা বাবা বম বম rsquoএরপরই লেলখক ভীত হরেয় চাশিরশিদক তাকান লেকউ তা ারেক লেদরেখ লেফরেলশিন লেতা

EVS Topic ndash Chapter - 01 Addressing Population

This chapter name is addressing populationSo must know first what is populationPopulation is defined as group of organism of same species living in a geographically localised area in aspecific time span and capable of interbreeding among them to produce a fertile offspring Then today we will discuss what the relation between population amp environment degradation are

Q1 How is the growing population linked with the environmental pollution We know that greenhouse gases

cause global warming This disturbs earthrsquosclimate

The man - made causes for climate change are deforestation greenhouse effect burning of fossil fuels etc

Human population growth is a major contributor to global warming

The increasingly mechanised life style of humans is powered by fossil fuels

More people mean more demands

for oil gas coal food etc Fuels are mined or drilled from

below theEarth s surface When these fuels are burned they

release enough carbon dioxide into the atmosphere to trap warm are inside like a greenhouse

Q2 How do you control the undue changes in the climate i) Tree planting Through

agricultural forestry social and community forestry Tree absorbsCO2 and release O2 thus purify air

ii) Reducing the use of fossil fuels use renewable sources of energy those are eco-friendly like solar energy wind energy biogas etc

iii) Reducing greenhouse gases by different measures by government

Non - governmentorganisations or local people These measures may be laws amp order carpool system public transport use social forestry etc

Hindi 2nd lang सदह (शरी जयशकर परसाद)

इस कहानी म लखक न यह बतान का परयास किकया ह किक राम किनहाल जो इस समय शयामा क घर म रह रहा ह शयामा को उस पर सदह हो रहा ह किक वह उस स परम करता हदसर राम किनहाल क पास मनोरमा क पतर आए ह किक वह उसकी मदद करन क लिलए उसक पास चला आए इसस राम किनहाल को यह सदह हो गया किक वह उसस परम करन लगी ह शयामा को जो एक किवधवा ह उसका लिचतर राम किनहाल क हाथ म ह उस लिचतर को लकर वह उसस कहती ह-ldquo पयार करना बडा कठि5न इस खल को नही नही जान क इस चककर म पडना भी मत हाहा एक दखिखया इसतरी तमको अपनी सहायता क लिलए बला रही ह जाओ उसकी सहायता करक लौट आओ तमहारा सामान यही रहगा तमको यही रहना होगा समझ अभी तमको मरी सरकषण की आवशयकता ह उ5ो नहा धो लो जो टरन मिमल उसस पटना जाकर बरजकिकशोर की चालाकी और स मनोरमा की रकषा करो और किHर मर यहा चल आना यह सब तमहारा भरम था सदह थाldquo

शबदाथK-उजजवलndash साHआलोक खड परकाश का समहकिनझKरिरणी-डरन की बदकिवसमत-भला हआपरकितबिबब-परछाईवधवय-किवधवा पनअवलब-सहारामग मरीलिचका-बजराबडी नाव ऐसी कषणा जो सभव ना होअनभकित-अनभवअसीम-सीमा रकिहत किवकषिकषपत-परशान साकिनशचय सट-जिजसम हलचल ना होसखिखया- किवशउभ-चभ- आशा और किनराशा की अवसथादशचरिरततरा ndashबर चरिरतर वाली सतरीकरण धारा-दख क आसलघ दीप- छोटा सा दीपककिवमख-दर हो जानामनोकिवकार ndashमन का दख

Commercial Studies

Advertising(chapter 3)

Every business firm or business houses needs an organization or institution to perform their advertisement function

Such institution or organization is known as Advertising Agency

Today we are going to discuss about

Question1) Define Advertising Agency

Answer) Advertising agency is a specialized organization which provides all advertising related services for some feecommission There are hundreds of

the advertising agency and its function

advertising agencies in India most of them are located in Mumbai Kolkata Delhi and Chennai

2) Discuss the functions of Advertising Agency

Answer) The main functions of Advertising Agency are as followsi) Planning - The advertising agency

plan for the advertising campaign The agency must have a fair knowledge of the firmrsquos products its history the present market conditionprice level and other conditions

ii) Co -ordination- The advertising agency co-ordinates several activitiesThe combined efforts of sales personsdistributors and retailers ensure maximum sales Ideasmedia copy and decisions are co-ordinated properly to project and implement the advertising programe

iii) Media Planning - The advertising agency selects the media or a set of suitable media for the client to reach the right type of audience which is an important factor in media selection The media experts prepare the schedule of advertising and the time available from television and radio

iv) Research - Research is a key function in an advertising campaign The decisions on creativity and media selection are taken on the finding uncovered for research

v) Internal control - The advertising agency manages its employees finance and other resources effectively and economically Public relations sales promotion functions and client contacts are maintained by the management of advertising agency

ECONOMICS FACTORS OF PRODUCTION

Today let us start the class by discussing the

lsquoImportance and functions of capitalrsquo-

The importance and functions of capital are

aIt increases the productivity of land and labour

Questions1State two important functions of capitalAnswer The importance and functions of capital are


bCapital increases employment opportunities particularly

bCapital increases employment opportunities particularly in those countries where labour is in plenty To employ more and more workerscapital is necessary

CCapital is used to provide the necessary tools and implements to the workers for productivity purposesIt is used to extract goods from nature

DWithout capital there can be no production Capital makes possible the use of advance modern machines in production Moreover no technological progress is possible without capital

Now let us discuss lsquoCAPITAL FORMATIONrsquo- By capital formation we mean the increase in the stock of capital goods ( eg machines equipments buildings means of transport factories etc) which are used for more production

In simple words in refers to net addition made to the capital stock of an economy during a time periodIn order to make more capital goods society has to divert its productive resources from the production of consumer goods to the production of capital goods Hence it is difficult to raise the rate of capital without sacrificing some consumption

Now let us discuss the process of capital formation The process of capital formation involves three stages

a Generation of savings-Savings provide necessary resources for production of capital goodsSo the first stage of capital formation is the generation of savings savings by people depend on

iability to saveiiwillingness to saveiii opportunity to save

bMobilisation of savings Savings generated in the eonomy need to be mobilized for investmentTherefore it is essential that savings of the people are

in those countries where labour is in plenty To employ more and more workers capital is necessary

2Define capital formationAnswerCapital formation refers to the process of adding to the stock of capital over time

3What are the three important stages of capital formationThe process of capital formation involves three stages

b Generation of savings-Savings provide necessary resources for production of capital goodsSo the first stage of capital formation is the generation of savings savings by people depend on


BMobilisation of savings Savings generated in the eonomy need to be mobilized for investmentTherefore it is essential that savings of the people are mobilized for undertaking investment

CInvestment of savingsThe final stage in the process of capital formation is investment Investment is affected by two factors-the rate of interest and the expected profit out of investment The lower the rate of interest more will be the willingness to borrow and investExpected rate of profit from new investment also determines the level of investment

mobilized for undertaking investment

cInvestment of savingsThe final stage in the process of capital formation is investmentInvestment is affected by two factors-the rate of interest and the expected profit out of investmentThe lower the rate of interest more will be the willingness to borrow and investExpected rate of profit from new investment also determines the level of investment

These three stages or conditions are thus necessary for capital formation to take placeso that the savings of the community can become capital goods for it

Physics

Chapter 1 Force (Summary)

Question State two conditions for a body acted upon by several forces to be in equilibriumSolutionsThe two conditions for a body to be in equilibrium are(i) The resultant of all the forces acting on a body must be zero(ii) The algebraic sum of moments about the point of rotation of all the forces acting on the body should be zeroQuestion State the principle of moments Name one device based on itSolutions According to the principle of moments if the algebraic sum of moments about the axis of rotation of all the forces acting on the body is zero then the body is said to be in equilibrium A beam balance is the device which works on the principle of moments

Computer Application

Java Programming from Chapter - 2

1 Write a program to input the three angles of a triangle and check whether it forms a triangle or not if it forms a triangle check whether it is an equilateral isosceles or a scalene triangle(Hint To form a triangle the sum of the angles should be 180 degreesTo form an equilateral triangle every angle should be equalTo form an isosceles triangle any two angles should be equalTo form a scalene triangle all three angles should be different from each other)

Ans import javautilclass Sol6static void main()Scanner sc=new Scanner(Systemin)int abcSystemoutprintln(ldquoEnter 3 anglesrdquo)a=scnextInt()b=scnextInt()c=scnextInt()if(a+b+c==180)if(alt90 ampamp blt90 ampamp clt90)Systemoutprintln(ldquoAcute angled trianglerdquo)else if(agt90 || bgt90 || cgt90)Systemoutprintln(ldquoObtuse angled trianglerdquo)elseSystemoutprintln(ldquoRight angled trianglerdquo)

elseSystemoutprintln(ldquoCannot form a trianglerdquo)

2 Write a program to input the three sides of a triangle and check whether it forms a triangle or not if it forms a triangle check whether it is an equilateral isosceles or a scalene triangle(Hint To form a triangle each side should be less the sum of the other two sidesTo form an equilateral triangle every side should be equalTo form an isosceles triangle any two sides should be equalTo form a scalene triangle all three sides should be different from each other)

Ans import javautilclass Sol7static void main()Scanner sc=new Scanner(Systemin)int abcSystemoutprintln(ldquoEnter 3 sidesrdquo)a=scnextInt()b=scnextInt()c=scnextInt()if(altb+c ampamp blta+c ampamp clta+b)if(a==b ampamp b==c)Systemoutprintln(ldquoEquilateral trianglerdquo)else if(a==b || b==c || c==a)Systemoutprintln(ldquoIsosceles trianglerdquo)elseSystemoutprintln(ldquoScalene trianglerdquo)elseSystemoutprintln(ldquoCannot form a trianglerdquo)

3 Write a program to accept three sides of a triangle as parameter and check whether it can form a triangle or not If it forms a triangle check whether it is an acute angled obtuse angled or right-angled triangle(Hint To form a triangle each side should be less the sum of the other two sidesTo form an acute angled triangle the square of every side should be less than the sum of the squares of the other two sides To form an obtuse angled triangle the square of any side should be greater than the sum of the squares of the other two sides To form an right angled triangle the square of any side should be equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides)

Ans import javautilclass Sol8static void main()Scanner sc=new Scanner(Systemin)int abcSystemoutprintln(ldquoEnter 3 sidesrdquo)

a=scnextInt()b=scnextInt()c=scnextInt()if(altb+c ampamp blta+c ampamp clta+b)if(aaltbb+cc ampamp bbltaa+cc ampamp ccltaa+bb)Systemoutprintln(ldquoAcute angled trianglerdquo)else if(aagtbb+cc || bbgtaa+cc || ccgtaa+bb)Systemoutprintln(ldquoObtuse angled trianglerdquo)elseSystemoutprintln(ldquoRight angled trianglerdquo)elseSystemoutprintln(ldquoCannot form a trianglerdquo)

4 Write a program to accept a mark obtained by a student in computer science and print the grades accordinglyMarks Grade Above 90 A 70 to 89 B 50 to 69 C below 50 D

Ans import javautilclass Sol9static void main()Scanner sc=new Scanner(Systemin)int cSystemoutprintln(ldquoEnter marks in Computer sciencerdquo)c=scnextInt()if(cgt=90)Systemoutprintln(ldquoGrade=Ardquo)else if(cgt=70 ampamp clt90)Systemoutprintln(ldquoGrade=Brdquo)else if(cgt=50 ampamp clt70)Systemoutprintln(ldquoGrade=Crdquo)elseSystemoutprintln(ldquoGrade=Drdquo)

5 A cloth showroom has announced the following festival discounts on the purchase of items based on the total cost of the items purchased Total Cost Discount (in Percentage) Less than `2000 5 `2001 to `5000 25 `5001 to `10000 35 Above `10000 50Write a program to input the total cost and compute and display the amount to be paid by the customer after availing the discount

Ans import javautilclass Sol10

static void main()Scanner sc=new Scanner(Systemin)float tcdapSystemoutprintln(ldquoEnter the total cost of the itemsrdquo)tc=scnextFloat()if(tclt=2000)d=5100ftcelse if(tcgt=2001 ampamp tclt=5000)d=25100ftcelse if(tcgt=5001 ampamp tclt=10000)39 Revision Tour IId=35100ftcelsed=50100ftcap=tc-dSystemoutprintln(ldquoAmount Payablerdquo+ap)

CLASS NOTES

Class XSubject Eng Literature (The Merchant of Venice ndash William Shakespeare)Topic Act IV Scene 1 Lines 35 to 83 (Antonio helliphelliphellip Let me have judgement and the Jew his will) Date 30th April 2020 (3rd Period)

[Students should read the original play and also the paraphrase given in the school prescribed textbook]Summary Questions amp Answers

o When Shylock appears in the court the Duke says that Shylock should change his decision of prosecuting Antonio and demanding the penalty specified in the bond out of consideration of the great misfortunes that Antonio has suffered If this is done by him (Shylock) the whole court would be gladdened by his merciful action

o To the above Shylock says that he just wants justice and if he is not granted justice the laws of Venice would be ridiculed by the world and a curse would come upon the state of Venice He then declares to the court that he is demanding his revenge against Antonio simply because he hates him

o Exchange of words take place between Bassanio and Shylock with Shylock remaining firm on his stand Antonio puts a stop to the discussion saying that it is useless to attempt to change the mind of Shylock and that the court should go ahead and pronounce its judgement as soon as possible

(1)

SHYLOCK I have possessd your grace of what I purpose(L 35-46)

And by our holy Sabbath have I sworn

To have the due and forfeit of my bond

If you deny it let the danger lightUpon your charter and your citys

freedomYoull ask me why I rather choose to haveA weight of carrion flesh than to receiveThree thousand ducats Ill not answer

thatBut say it is my humour is it answerdWhat if my house be troubled with a ratAnd I be pleasd to give ten thousand

ducats have it band What are you answerd

yet

(i) What does the Duke ask Shylock while addressing him

While addressing Shylock in his effort to soften the heart of Shylock he asks him that if he looks at the circumstances of Antonio with pity and sympathy and considers the losses that has been heaped on him recently he will realize that these losses are enough to break the back of any royal merchant He says that even persons with stony hearts like Turks and Tartars who are trained never to show any softness

or pity will also be moved and compelled to take pity on Antonio in such a situation(ii) What illustration does Shylock give when the Duke asks him to show pity for Antonio What does he seem to argue

When the Duke asks Shylock to show mercy for Antonio he gives illustration saying that if his house is troubled with a rat and he willingly pays ten thousands Ducats to get it cleared of the menace who can object He seems to argue he has paid three thousand ducats to finish off the menace caused to him socially and professionally by Antonio(iii) What does the Duke tell Antonio while conveying his regrets for him

While conveying his regrets for Antonio the Duke tells him that he is very sorry that the plaintiff Shylock the Jew happens to be a very cruel and wretched person He tells that Shylock is not capable of the feeling of pity and he is devoid of the least amount of mercy(iv) What comparisons does Antonio make concerning Bassaniorsquos arguing with Shylock

Antonio requests Bassanio not to bother arguing with Shylock He might as well stand on the seashore and ask the tide not to rise so high as usual or ask a wolf why he killed the lamb and made its mother cry It is like asking the pine trees on mountain tops to stop waving when there is heavy wind blowing He might as well do these impossible things than trying to soften the Jewish heart

IMPORTANT PASSAGES EXPLAINED

(L 47-52)Some men there are love not a gaping pig

Some that are mad if they behold a catAnd others when the bagpipe sings i the nose Cannot contain [themselves] for affectionMaster of passion sways it to the moodOf what it likes or loathes

Context These lines are taken from The Merchant of Venice and form a part of Shylockrsquos answer to the Duke of Venice in the trial scene when the Jew has been advised by the latter to show pity to Antonio on the plea that after all there is not much reason for exacting the severe penalty to which he seems to be entitled by the terms of the bond

Explanation The Jew Shylock says that it is unnecessary

(2) BASSANIO This is no answer thou unfeeling man (L 63-77)

To excuse the current of thy cruelty

SHYLOCK I am not bound to please thee with my answers

BASSANIO Do all men kill the things they do not loveSHYLOCK Hates any man the thing he would not killBASSANIO Every offence is not a hate at firstSHYLOCK What wouldst thou have a serpent sting thee twiceANTONIO I pray you think you question with the Jew

You may as well go stand upon the beachAnd bid the main flood bate his usual heightYou may as well use question with the wolfWhy he hath made the ewe bleat for the lambYou may as well forbid the mountain pinesTo wag their high tops and to make no noiseWhen they are fretten with the gusts of heaven

(i) What is Antoniorsquos assessment of the Jewrsquos character

Shylockrsquos character as revealed by Antonio is that of a wicked man According to Antonio Shylock is devoid of any human feelings Antonio compares Shylock to a wolf that kills a lamb and eats it to satisfy hunger Emphasizing the futility of trying

for him to state any reason for his insistence on the pound of flesh There are people who cannot tolerate the sight of an open mouthed pig Others feel enraged at the sight of a cat Others still feel infuriated to hear the music of the bag-pipe (a musical instrument) In all these cases there is no definite reason for the abhorrence or detestation of people for various things It is just a matter of onersquos inclination or taste Onersquos likes and dislikes are not determined by any rational considerations but just by a whim or a mood Shylock means that he wants the pound of flesh just because he hates Antonio and not because there is any other special reason

to change Shylockrsquos decision Antonio says that it is difficult to alter the Jewrsquos attitude of cruelty as it is to ask the pine trees on the mountains not to let their branches move at all when strong winds are blowing in the sky(ii) What is the context in which the above given conversation has taken place

The conversation given above takes place in a court of law in Venice Shylock has informed Bassanio that his hatred for Antonio is the only reason for his demanding a pound of Antoniorsquos flesh Bassanio is shocked and feels that Shylockrsquos cruelty is not justified(iii) What is the answer that has been given by the ldquounfeeling manrdquo

The ldquounfeeling manrdquo ie Shylock has told the Duke that he is not prepared to give up his claim to a pound of flesh to which he is entitled as a result of Antoniorsquos failure in repaying the loan within the prescribed period He says that he now wants a pound of the flesh and not the money because of his hatred for Antonio(iv) What light does the above given verbal exchanges throw on the characters of Shylock and Bassanio

The conversation given above reveals Bassanio as a good human being who is sincere and true to his friend Antonio Worried about the safety of his friend Bassanio pleads with Shylock to take a human view of the situation Shylock here is portrayed in an unfavourable light He appears to be a cruel and wicked man who will go to the extent of taking the life of the man he hates(v) What feelings does Antoniorsquos speech create in you

Antonio wins our sympathy because of his pathetic condition He is in a mood of profound despair The tragic and resigned speech of Antonio when he has no hope of the Jew relenting deeply touches our heart

Class XISubject Topic Summary Execution

BUSINESS STUDIES

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

TODAY LET US START WITH START UP BUSINESSA new venture goes through three specific phases iPre-start upiiStart up andiiiPost start upThe pre-start up phase begins with a business idea and ends when the doors are opened for businessThe start up phase starts when sales activity is initiated and ends when the business is finally established and is beyond short run threats to survivalThe main focus during the pre start up and start up phases are oniThe relative uniqueness of the new venture

1 What are the three phases of a venture

Answer A new venture goes through three specific phases iPre-start upiiStart up iiiPost start up

2 What is start up phaseAnswerStart up business an enterprise which has a formal business phase which has a normal business plan searches for

iiThe investment size at start upiii The expected growth of sales and profits as the venture moves through its start up phase iv The availability of products and services during the start up phase v The availability of customersNow let us discuss the stages common to the life cycle of the entrepreneurial companiesThe firm begins with the birth stage where the entrepreneur struggles to get the new venture established and survive long enough to test the viability of the underlying business model in the market placeThe firm then passes into the breakthrough stage where the business model starts to work well growth is experienced and complexity of managing the business operation expands significantlyThe nest is the maturity stage where the entrepreneur experiences the advantages of market success and financial stability while also facing continuing management challenges of remaining competitive in a changing environment

capital develops a managerial team and begins selling its initial products and service

3 What are the stages in the life cycle of entrepreneurial firms

Answer The stages common to the life cycle of the entrepreneurial companies arei Birth stageii Breakthrough stageiiiMaturity stage

4What do you mean by Start-up businessAnswerA new enterprise which has just started in business operations

COMMERCE CLASSIFICATION OF BUSINESS ACTIVITIES

Now let us start the third chapter of our syllabus ie lsquoCLASSIFICATION OF BUSINESS ACTIVITIESrsquo-Business activities can be classified onto two categories1Industries2CommerceIndustry involves the production of goods and materialsWhereas commerce is concerned with the distribution of goods and servicesIndustry means the production of goods for sale by the application of human or mechanical powerIndustry creates utilities for the satisfaction of human wants and to earn profitsIndustry involves the production of both consumer goods and producer goods Consumer goods are produced for direct use by people breadbutterclothspicesdrugs etc are example of such goodsOn the other hands producer goods or capital goods are required for the production of consumer goodsExample rawmaterialsmachineryequipmentplasticaluminium rubber are examples of producer goodsNow let us discuss the main characteristics of an industryThe main characteristics of industry are as followsiEconomic activityiiProduction

Questions1what is industryAnswerIndustry means the production of goods for sale by the application of human or mechanical powerIndustry creates utilities for the satisfaction of human wants and to earn profits

2What do you mean by producer goodsAnswer Producer goods or capital goods are required for the production of consumer goodsExample raw materialsmachineryequipmentplasticaluminium rubber are examples of producer goods

3What do you mean by Consumer goodsAnswer Consumer goods are produced for direct use by peoplebreadbutterclothspicesdrugs etc are example of such goods

iiiWide scopeivCreation of utilityvEconomic developmentviPart of business

ECONOMICS

BASIC ECONOMIC CONCEPTS

Today we shall start by recalling the meaning of the term market It is defined as a complex set of activities by which potential buyers and potential sellers are brought in close contact for the purchase and sale a commodityLet us now start the chapter by discussing the features of marketThe market must have the following features

1 Commodity There must be a commodity which is being demanded and sold

2 Buyers and sellers There must be buyers and sellers of the commodity

3 Communication There must be communication between buyers and sellers

4 Place or area There must be a place or an area where buyers and sellers interact with each other

Now let us discuss the meaning of capitalCapital is the produces means of productionCapital is defined as all man made goods that are used for further production of wealth It includes producer goods inventory of material goods and consumer goodsCapital can e divided into physical and capitalPhysical capital includes building bridges equipments durable inventory of raw materials intermediate goods and the final goodsHuman capital includes education training and skill of workersNow let us discuss the meaning of InvestmentInvestment is said to be made by a person when he buys a non-consumable commodity but in economics investment means a net increase in the capital of the countryexample new factory buildings investment new machineryadditional stores and stocks

Question

1What are the features of a marketAnswer The market must have the following featuresiCommodity There must be a commodity which is being demanded and soldiiBuyers and sellers There must be buyers and sellers of the commodityiiiCommunication There must be communication between buyers and sellersivPlace or area There must be a place or an area where buyers and sellers interact with each other2 What do you mean by capitalAnswer Capital is defined as all man made goods that are used for further production of wealth It includes producer goods inventory of material goods and consumer goods2what do you mean by investmentAnswer Capital is defined as all man made goods that are used for further production of wealth It includes producer goods inventory of material goods and consumer goods

EVS Chapter 1 ndash Mode of Existence

Coexistence of the four modes of existence in India India is a fast developing nation Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation has made India modern and at par with western countries However India is a blend of old and new On one hand we have the industrial mode of existence on the other hand much of rural India is still agricultural or pastoral Some elements of modernity have filtered in by way of technology in the field of agriculture but it cannot be denied that in spite of certain technological influences that India remains on

Answer the following questions

1Name a hunting and gathering tribe who were vegetarian Ans - The traditional Bushmen of Kalahari Desert are vegetarian 2What was the basic of division of labour among the hunting and gathering tribes Ans - The division of labour is

the whole and agricultural country The pastoral and agricultural mode of existence have also coexisted and it remains so even now

mostly on the basis of sex Men usually hunt whereas the women gather fruits and vegetables 3Give two examples of Nomadic tribes Ans - Bodis Kazaks

Biology Chapter - 04Kingdom Monera

To day we will discuss about bacteriophage and tobaccomosaic virus

Bacteriophage or Phage Virus bull Characterised by the presence of an angular head and a tail bull Types i) Virulent or lytic The viruses which always multiply by using the host machinary when they enter the host cell and then cause the lysis of cells After the lysis of host cells phageacutes areacute liberated and can infect new host cells to repeat the lytic cycle ii ) Avirulent or temperate the viruses whose nucleic acid gets incorporated in bacterial DNA or replicate along with it to constitute lysogenic cycleThe phenomenon by which phage DNA exists as part of the host DNA is known as lysogeny

The Tobacco Mosaic Virus It was isolated from infected tobacco plant bull The symptoms in infected plant are i) Downward carling and distortion of young apical leaves ii)The leaves show typical yellow and green mottling the plant become stunted bull TMV has two constituents a protein coat (capsid ) and RNA nucleic acid bull The replication of RNA determines sequence of amino acids in the protein subunits of the capsid 1 As all subunits are identical only one coded gene is required for the formation ofall capsomersbull The naked RNA is capable of infecting tobacco plantbull Thus RNA has two functions self - replication and synthesis of virus specific

proteins for which it takes raw material from the host cell

bull Viroids are small single - stranded circular RNA agents which infect plants bull They differ from RNA viruses in three major aspects Their minute size the genome does not encode any proteins and they are not encapsidated Viroid infection is mediated mechanically The potato spindle tuber viroid ( PSTV ) has a single stranded circular RNA molecule bull A number of plant diseases like citrus exocortis cucumber pale fruit has been attributed to the viroids Prions are just infectious proteinaceous particles without any association with nucleic acidsThese are resistant to heat uvlight ionizing radiations DNA ase and RNA ase and the treatments that selectively destroy DNA RNA They cure capable of proliferation and infection evenin the absence of nucleicacids These are a new class of infectious agents that lead to chronic progressive infections of nervous system inducing common pathological effects

Mathematics

Properties of triangle

Symbols If ∆ABC be any triangle Athen c b i) the measures of angles anglesat the vertices A B and C are B C denoted by A B and C respectively ii) the measures of the sides opposite to angles A B and C are denoted by AB= c BC=a CA= biii) the perimeter of the triangle is denoted by 2s or s=(a+b+c) 2 is the semi-perimeter of the triangle iv) the area of the triangle is denoted by ∆ or S v) the radius of the circum-circle of the triangle is calked the circum radius and is denoted by R Theorem 1 In any triangle ABC prove that asin A= b sin B= csinCProof Let ABC be any triangle In fig 2 the triangle ABC is acute-angled in fig 3 the triangle ABC is obtuse-angled and in fig 4 the triangle ABC is right-angled

Ex If a=3 b=3radic3 and A=30deg find the value of B Solution we have asin A= b sin BOr 3 sin 30deg=3radic3sin BOr 3 sinB = 3radic3 sin 30deg= 3radic3 12Or sin B =radic32=sin 60degTherefore B= 60deg or 120deg [ sincesin120deg=sin(180deg-60deg)=sin60deg]Ex In any triangle ABC prove thata(sin B-sin C) +b(sin C-sin A) + c(sin A-sin B) =0Solution We have asinA=bsinB=csinC=k(say) Then a=ksin A b= k sin B c= k sin C

Now from A draw AD perpendicular to BC clearly in fig 2 D lies on BC in fig 3 D lies on BC

produced and in fig 4 D coincides with C

From triangle ABD of fig 2 we get ADAB= sin B or AD=c sinB (i) and from triangle ACD we get ADAC= sin C or AD= bsin C (ii) Therefore from (i) amp(ii) we get c sin B= b sinC or bsinB= csin C (iii) Again from the triangle ABD of fig 3 we get ADAB= sin B or AD= c sin B (iv) and from triangle ACD we get ADAC= sin (π-C) or AD=b sin C (v) Therefore from (iv) and (v) we get c sin B= b sin C or b sin B= c sin C (vi) Therefore if the triangle ABC is acute angled or obtuse - angled then from (iii) and (vi) it follows tgat bsin B= c sin C (vii) Similarly drawing perpendiculars from B on AC we can show asin A=csin C (viii) Therefore if the triangle ABC is acute-angled or obtuse angled then from (vii) amp (viii) we get asinA= bsin B=csinCAgain in case of right- angled trianglr we get from fig 4 ac= sin A or asin A=c and bc =sin B or bsin B=cTherefore a sin A= b sin B=csin C [proved]

L H S= k sinA (Sin B-sinC) + k sin B( sin C-sin A) + ksin C( sinA- sin B) = k sinA sin B- k sinA sin C+ ksin B sin C - ksin B sin A+ ksin C sin A- k sin C sin B=0 [proved]Ex If in ∆ABC C=90deg AB= c BC=a CA= b find the value of tan A + tan B [Hint tan x = perpendicularbase]

Political Science

Sovereignty Sovereignty is the full right and power of a governing body over itself without any interference from outside sources or bodies In political theory sovereignty is a substantive term designating supreme legitimate authority over some polity In international law sovereignty is the exercise of power by a state

Characteristics or Attributes of SovereigntyAccording to Dr Garner following are the characteristics or attributes of Sovereignty(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness

Execution


What are the characteristics of Sovereignty

Homework-learn

(3) All-Comprehensiveness

(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity

(6) Imprescriptibility

(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness or illimitability

(9) Originality

(1) PermanencePermanence is the chief characteristics of

sovereignty Sovereignty lasts as long as an

independent state lasts The death of the

king the overthrow of the government and

the addiction of power does not lead to the

destruction of sovereignty

We should keep in mind the basic fact that

the king or the ruler exercises sovereign

power on behalf of the state and therefore

sovereignty lasts as long as the state lasts

The death of the king or the overthrow of

the government does not affect sovereignty

This is the reason why people in England

used to say ldquoThe King is dead long live the

Kingrdquo

Dr Garner has beautifully summed up this idea in the following mannerldquoSovereignty does not cease with the death

or temporary dispossession of a particular

bearer or the re-organisation of the state but

shifts immediately to a new bearer as the

centre of gravity shifts from one part of

physical body to another when it undergoes

external changerdquo

(2) ExclusivenessBy exclusiveness we mean that there can

be two sovereigns in one independent state

and if the two sovereigns exist in a state

the unity of that state will be destroyed

There cannot exist another sovereign slate

within the existing sovereign state

(3) All ComprehensivenessThe State is all comprehensive and the

sovereign power is universally applicable

Every individual and every association of

individual is subject to the sovereignty of the

state No association or group of

individuals however rich or powerful it may

be can resist or disobey the sovereign

authority

Sovereignty makes no exception and grants

no exemption to anyone It grants

exemptions only in the case of foreign

embassies and diplomatic representatives

of foreign countries on the reciprocal basis

This does not in any way restrict the

sovereignty of the state in the legal sense

The state can abolish and withdraw the

diplomatic privileges granted to foreigners

(4) InalienabilityInalienability is another characteristic of

sovereignty Sovereignty is inalienable By

inalienability we mean that the State cannot

part with its sovereignty In other words we

can say that the sovereign does not remain

the sovereign or the sovereign state if he or

the state transfers his or its sovereignty to

any other person or any other state

Sovereignty is the life and soul of the state

and it cannot be alienated without

destroying the state itself Lieber has very

aptly remarked in this connection

ldquoSovereignty can no more be alienated than

a tree can alienate its right to sprout or a

man can transfer his life or personality to

another without self-destructionrdquo

(5) UnityUnity is the very spirit of Sovereignty The

sovereign state is united just as we are

united

(6) ImperscriptibilityADVERTISEMENTS

By imprescriptibility we mean that if the

sovereign does not exercise his sovereignty

for a certain period of time it does not lead

to the destruction of sovereignty It lasts as

long as the state lasts

(7) IndivisibilityIndivisibility is the life-blood of sovereignty

Sovereignty cannot be divided state

American statesman Calhoun has declared

ldquoSovereignty is an entire thing to divide it is

to destroy it It is the supreme power in a

state and we might just well divide it is to

destroy it

It is the supreme power in a state and we

might just well speak of half square or half a

triangle as half a sovereigntyrdquo Gettell has

also very aptly remarked in this regard ldquoIf

sovereignty is not absolute no state exists

If sovereignty is divided more than one

state existsrdquo

(8) AbsolutenessSovereignty is absolute and unlimited The

sovereign is entitled to do whatsoever he

likes Sovereignty is subject to none

(9) OriginalityBy originality we mean that the sovereign

wields power by virtue of his own right and

not by virtue of anybodyrsquos mercy

BENGALI পরথমঅধযায় - শিNতীয় শিদরেনর পাঠ -

(2ND LANGUAGE)

ঠাকরদা রবীনদরনাথ ঠাকর

আরেলাচয রেO লে কথক বা সশরী বরেকর কথা বলা হরেয়রে1 লেস কৈকলাস বাবর শিমথযা বাবয়ানায় এবং অনযায় কথা বাত ায় মরেন মরেন রা কররেলও সব বযাপারেরই সাথ শিদরেয় লেরে1 ঠাকরদার নাতশিন শি1ল কসম কথরেকর শিবশবাস শি1ল লেস কসমরেক গরহরণ কররে1না বরেল কসম আজও পরেড় আরে1 লেস ভাবত ঠাকরদা একশিদন না একশিদন তারেক অনরেরাধ কররেবন শিকনত ঠাকরদা এমন লেকানও কাজ করেরনশিন তাই বকটি ঠাকরদারেক উপC শিশকষা লেদওয়ার জনয একটি পশিরকOনা করের একশিদন কথক তার বনধরেক লে1াট লাটসাশিজরেয় ঠাকরদার বাশিড়রেত পাঠান ঠাকরদা থাশিবশিধ সনমান জাশিনরেয় লাটসারেহবরেক রেহর অভযনতরের সবাত জানান লাটসারেহব তা ার রেহ এরেসরে1 এই লেভরেব ঠাকরদা পরতাশিরত হরেয়রে1ন চরেল াবার সময় লাটসারেহব বহমলয চাদর আসরশিফ মালা আতরদান আরও অনযানয শিজশিনস শিনরেয় আরেস

Hindi 2nd lang

गौरी(सभदराकमारी चौहान)

सभदरा कमारी चौहान की कहानी गौरी का शीरषKक अपन नाम क अनरप ह 18 वरषK की यवती गौरी क इदK-किगदK यह कहानी घमती ह माता-किपता की बटी क योगय वर स किववाह करन की चिचता और किववाह खचK क लिलए यथषट धन की चिचता ह सीताराम जस वयलिc को वर बनान क लिलए तयार किपता राधा कषण यह नही चाहता किक उसकी बटी गौरी सीताराम क घर जा कर दो बचचो की मा बन कर रह बटी गौरी किनभfक सवभाव की कनया ह उसका सवभाव दढ किनशचय और हटीला ह वह सकोच और लजजा बस चप रहती ह उस अपन माता-किपता स परम ह वह उनकी चिचता को समझती ह पर माता-किपता उसस उसकी इचछा नही पछत दसरा योगय वर एक यवक नायब तहसीलदार को दखन क बाद व सीताराम का किवचार छोड दत हगौरी म दश परमिमयो क लिलए किवशरष परम ह वह किकसी किवलासी यवक क साथ जीवन किबतान की अपकषा दश परमी सीताराम क भोल भाल बचचो की मा बनना अमिधक पसद करती ह नायबतहसीलदार क किपता क दहात क बाद 1 वरषK तक किववाह पर रोक लगन स गौरी को चिचता स मलिc मिमलती ह वह अपनी मा स कहकर नौकर क साथ कानपर सीताराम क घर उनक बचचो की दखभाल करती ह 1 वरषK क क5ोर जल क बाद जब सीताराम जी अपन घर लौटत ह तो गौरी को दख 5ग स रह जात ह गौरी ऐस दश परमी वीर महापररष क चरणो की धलिल अपन माथ पर लगाती ह कहानी क आरभ म माता-किपता की गौरी क किववाह क लिलए चिचता और अत म गौरी का अपन मनपसद नायक क घर म होना लखिखका क उददशय की परतित करता ह गौरी शीरषKक पणKतया उलिचत लिसदध होता ह

शबदाथK-गोधलिल की बला- सधया का समयआगरह- पवKक पराथKनायथषट-जसा चाकिहएउतसकता-अधीरतालिसधाई-सीधा पनधाय-दध किपलान वाली डाईसाकषात-परतयकषसतबध-सनन कहारिरन-पानी भरन का काम करन वालीमहावरा-

पनो का चाद- परणिणमा क चाद

शादगीकी परकितमा- किबलकल साधारण

जीवन का उतसगK करना जीवन बलिलदान करना

चादी क टकड H कना लालच दना

चिचता का पहाड हटजाना -चिचता दर होना

ताता लग जाना-अमिधकता म होना

दमन की चककी चलाना- जोर स दमन करना या दबाना

माथ लगाना- बहत सममान करना

हाथ पाव पील करना- किववाह गाना

दम किहलाना ndashहा म हा करना

History TOPIC ndash EMERGENCE OF COLONIAL ECONOMYSUB TOPIC- PLAN FOR BUILDING OF RAILWAYS

Plan for building of railways Road and river transport were found inadequate to cope with the needs of increasing trade Hence building of railways was planned Railway transport was rapid Goods could be moved quickly for trading purposeRailways were most modern means of transport It can enter into the interior rural markets Bombay and Calcutta could be linked with interior marketBritish capital was then invited for construction of Railway linesThe Guarentee system was severely criticized

1 Question What was the difficulties found in roadways and river transportAnswer Transport through Roadways and waterways

by the Parliament The Guarantee system was severely criticized by the Parliament Then Guarantee system was withdrawnThis system was again introduced at the pressure of the merchant lobby Afterwards interest was reduced At last due to recommendation of Acworth Commission Guarantee system was abolished and started to construct railways by their own initiatives

were depended on weather But speed of Railway transport was rapid Moreover Railways were the most modern means of transport it would enter into the rural market easily

2 Question What do you mean the Guarantee system of Indian Railway

3 Answer Indian Railways were operated by the by the private companies owned by the British business men They were granted free land and were given a guarantee of minimum return of capital They were agreed to invest in Railways provided with 5 interest on their capital The companies ( Joint stock company) ran into losses the government comensate themAs Guarantee System was severely criticized it was abolished

The Government now took the charge of constructing railways in its own hand

Class ndash XIIDate ndash 3042020Subject Topic Summary Execution Business Studies

Staff Recruitment

Last class we have discussed about the meaning of staff recruitment

Organisation can recruit their staff from various sources There are mainly two sources of staff recruitment They are internal sources and external sources

Today we will discuss about the Internal sources of recruitment and its merits and demerits

Internal sourcesInternal sources of recruitment consists of the people who are working or have worked in the Enterprise The different ways of internal sources of recruitment arebull PromotionbullTransferbullEx- employees bull Recommendations by employees

Question 1 Explain the different sources of internal recruitmentAnswer)The different sources of internal recruitment are as followsi) Promotion It means

shifting an employee from a lower job to a higher job involving increase in pay status and responsibilities Examplea factory worker may be promoted to the post of factory supervisor

ii) Transfer It means shifting an employee from one job to another similar job without increase in pay status and responsibilities Example filling up job vacancy in another branch of same company through transferred of Surplus staff

iii) Ex- employees In some cases people who whereearlier in the companies employment maybe re-employed These are called ex- employees They may come back on their own or company may contact them and offer jobs

iv) Recommendations by

employees Applications introduced by present employees are their friends and relatives mayproof to be e a good source of recruitment Such applications are likely to be good employees because there background is partly known

2) Mention some merits and demerits of internal recruitmentAnswer) The merits of internal recruitment are1) Filling vacancies for

higher jobs by promoting employees within the organisation helps to motivate and improve the morale of the employees

2) Internal recruitment helps to minimiselabour turnover and absenteeism

3) It is a cheaper source of of recruitment

4) Candidates working in the organisation do not require induction training They are already familiar with the organisation and the people working within it

Following are the Demerits of internal sources of recruitment

1) Unsuitable candidates may be promoted to positions of higher responsibility

2) The employees maybe come lethargic if they are sure of time bound promotions

3) Internal recruitment cannot be a complete method in itselfThe

enterprise has to resort to external recruitment at some stage because all vacancies cannot be filled up true internal source

History TOPIC- TOWARDS INDEPENDENCE AND PARTITION THE LAST PHASE(1935-1947)SUB TOPIC SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE AND INA

Subhas Chandra Bose and INA While the whole nation was ferment in the memorable Quit India movement the struggle for Independence was carried on by Subhas Chandra Bose outside India He was popularly known as NetajiAfter completing graduation he went to England appeared in the Indian Civil Service Examination and stood fourth But he resigned from Civil Service and came back to India He then joined the National Congress under the inspiration of Chittaranjan Das popularly known as CRDas He WAS always against the moderate method of struggle He also strongly opposed the Dominion Status resolution of the National CongressHe ha difference with Gandhiji and ultimately resigned from the Congress

1 Question Who was popularly known as NetajiAnswer Subhas Chandra Bose was popularly known as Netaji

2 Question Why did Subhas Chandra leave Indian Civil ServiceAnswer After completing Graduation Subhas Chandra Bose went to England and appeared in the Indian Civil Service examination and stood fourth But he resigned from the Civil service and came back to India and join the National Congress being inspired from Chittaranjan Das

3 Question Who was his political mentor Answer Chittaranjan Das was Subhas Chandra Bosersquos political mentor

4 Question Who was elected Congress Prsident in

Haripura session in 1939 Answer Subhas Chandra Bose was the elected Congress president of Haripura Congress session

COMMERCE CAPITAL- FIXED AND WORKING

LET US RECALL THE DEFINITION OF working capital

And let us start the class by discussing the types of working capitalWorking capital can be classified as followsWorking capital is of two types Permanent working capital and Temporary working capital which can further be classified as under

aPermanent working capital can be classified intoi Initial working capitalii Regular working capital

bTemporary working capital can be classified intoi Seasonal working capitalii Special working capital

Permanent working capital It refers to the minimum amount of working capital required permanently to operate the minimum level of business activityiInitial working capitalit is that part of working capital which is required at the time of commencement of a businessiiRegular working capital-it means that part of working capital which is required for the continuous business operations

bTemporary or variable working capitalIt is the working capital that is required in addition to the permanent working capital It is required to meet seasonal and special needs of businessiSeasonal working capitalIt means the extra working capital required during a particular season

1What are the importance of working capitalAnswerThe importance of working capital areiTimely payment of duesAn enterprise worth sufficient working capital can pay dues to its creditors in timeiiSmooth workingAdequate working capital enables the business to purchase raw materialspay wages and salaries and meet their expensesiiiHigh credit worthiness A business with satisfactory working capital position enjoys high credit standing iv Cash discount An enterprise with sufficient liquid funds can take advantage of cash discountv Availing business opportunitiesA business having sufficient working capital can execute special orders at a short notice

2 What do mean by Permanent working capitalAnswerPermanent working capital refers to the minimum amount of working capital required permanently to operate the

iiSpecial working capitalIt refers to extra funds required to meet future contingencies that may arise in business

Now let us discuss importance of working capital

i Timely payment of duesii Smooth workingiii High credit worthinessiv Cash discountv Availing business opportunities

Now let us discuss the factors affecting working capitalThe working capital requirement of an enterprise depends on the following factors

i Nature of businessii Size of businessiii Manufacturing cycleiv Rapidity of turn overv Terms of purchase and sale

minimum level of business activity

3What are the factors affecting working capitalAnswerThe working capital requirement of an enterprise depends on the following factorsiNature of business Manufacturing firms require considerable working capital as they have to build up stock of raw materials and finished productsiiSize of businessFirms carrying on large scale operations and undertaking high volume of production require more working capital than small scale firmsiiiManufacturing cycle It means the time involved in the production of goods ivRapidity of turn overturnover means the speed with which the amount of working capital is recovered by the sale of goodsvTerms of purchase and saleA business firm requires comparatively small amount of working capital if it buys goods and services on credit and sells them in cash

Biology Chapter - 02Reproduction in Flowering plants

Today we will discuss about fruit seed and seed dispersal

Q7 Fruit The ovary develops into

a fruit The wall of fruit

develops into pericarp The fruits may be fleshy

as seen in guavas orange mango etc or may be dry as seen in ground nut mustard etc

Fruits are two types i) True fruits when

the fruit develops only from the ovary and the overy and other floral parts

We will discuss about apomixes and Polyembryony

degenerate and fall off

ii) False fruits when the thalamus also contributes to the fruit formation in apple strawberry etc

It can be induced through the application of growth - hormones and such fruits are seedless

Q8 Seed The seed a fertilised

ovule formed inside fruits is the final product of sexual reproduction

A seed consists of seed coatscotyledonsand an embryo axis

The cotyledons of the embryo are thick and Swollen due to storage of food reserves as seen in legumes

Types Types of seeds i) Non - albuminous

have no residual endosperm as it is completely consumed during embryo development It is seen in pea ground nut etc

ii) Albuminous retain a part of endosperem as it is not completely used up during embryo formation It is seen in wheat maize barley castor sunflower etc

when the seed mature its water content gets reduced and become relatively dry so metabolic

Activity of the embryo slows down known as dormancy

Dehydration and dormancy of mature seeds are crucial for storage of seeds which can be used as food throughoutthe year and also to raise crop in the next season

A Lupine Lupinus arcticus seed germinated and flowered

fee an estimated record of 10 000 years of dormancy Apomixis It by a form of asexual reproduction is the production of seeds without fertilisationPolyembryony Occurrence of more than one embryo in a seed bull In species like Citrus and Mango varieties some of the nucellar cells surrounding the embryo sac divide and protrude into the embryo sac and develop into the embryos Hence in these species each ovule contains many embryos

Advantages of Apomixis and Polyembnyony

i) Hybrid varieties of several food and vegetable crops arebeing extensively cultivated to increase their productivity

ii) icircf these hybrids are made into apomicts there is no segregation of characters in the hybrid progeny and the cost is reduced

iii) The farmers can use the hybrid seeds to raise new crops year after year and are not required to buy hybrid seeds every

yearComputer science

Object Java ClassesObjectsJava is an object-oriented programming languageEverything in Java is associated with classes and objects along with its attributes and methods For example in real life a car is an object The car has attributes such as weight and color and methods such as drive and brake A Class is like an object constructor or a blueprint for creating objectsCreate a ClassTo create a class use the keyword classMyClassjavaCreate a class named MyClass with a variable xpublic class MyClass int x = 5

Remember from the Java Syntax chapter that a class should always start with an uppercase first letter and that the name of the java file should match the class name

Create an ObjectIn Java an object is created from a class We have already created the class named MyClass so now we can use this to create objects To create an object of MyClass specify the class name followed by the object name and use the keyword newExampleCreate an object called myObj and print the value of xpublic class MyClass int x = 5

public static void main(String[] args) MyClass myObj = new MyClass() Systemoutprintln(myObjx)

Hindi 2nd lang

तलसी दास क पद 3जाऊकहा तजिज चरनतमहारकाकोनाम पकितत पावन जग ककिह अकित दीन पयार कोन दव भराई किबरदकिहतहठि5-हठि5अधम उधार खग मग वयाध पान किवटपजडजवन-कवन सर तार दव दनज मकिन नाग मनोज सब माया बाबा किबचार कितनका हाथ दास तलसी परभ कहा अपनपौ हार शबदाथK ndashतजिज-छोडनापकितत पावन -किगर हए को पकिवतर बनान वालाअधम-नीचवयाध -लिशकारी परषान-पतथर किवटप-पडकितनक-उनक अपनपौ-अपनापनकवन-किकतनकिबरद-बडाईककिह-किकसवयखया ndashपरसतत पलिcयो म सत ककिव तलसीदास जी अपन इषट दव शरी राम क परकित अननय किवशवास और परम परकट करत हए कहत ह किक ह परभआपक चरणो क आशरय को छोडकर म कहा जाऊ आपका

नाम ही ससार म इतना पकिवतर करन वाला ह की कोई भी इसक आग नतमसतक हो जाए आप को ठिदन दखी बहत पयार ह कौन ऐसा दवता ह जिजसन अपन भcो की रकषा का वचन लिलया हो भगवान शरीराम न खग जटाय जिजसन सीता माता की रकषा क लिलए रावण स यदध करक अपन पराणो को सकट म डाला सोन का मग बनकर आए मारीच को भी शरीराम न उदधार किकया पतथर बनी अकिहलया का भी उदधार किकया ना जान किकतन दवी दवता तार गए आग तलसीदास जी कहत ह किक दवता राकषस मकिन नागौर मनषय यह बचार माया क बस म ह म इनम स किकसी की आराधना करक कयो अपना खन मर तो कवल एक ही आशरय ह शरीराम म उनक चरणो की शरण छोडकर कही नही जाऊगा

Mathematics

continuity and differentisbility

Theorem If a function f is differentiable at a point c then it is also continuous at that pointDerivatives of composite functionsTo study derivative of composite functions we start with an illustrative example Say we want to find the derivative of f wheref (x) = (2x + 1)3

One way is to expand (2x + 1)3 using binomial theorem and find the derivative as a polynomial function as illustrated belowddx f (x) = ddx (2x+1) 3 Or f(x) = ddx( 8x3 + 12 x2 + 6x +1) Or f(x) = 24x2 +24 x+ 6Or f(x) = 6(2x+1) 2 Now observe that f (x) = (h o g) (x)where g(x) = 2x + 1 and h(x) = x3 Put t = g(x) = 2x + 1 Then f(x) = h(t) = t3 Thus dfdx=6(2x+1) 3 =3(2x+1) 2 2=3t2 2 =(dhdt) (dtdx) The advantage with such observation is that it simplifies the calculation in findingthe derivative of say (2x + 1) 100 We may formalise this observation in the following theorem called the chain ruleTheorem (Chain Rule) Let f be a real valued function which is a composite of two functions u and v ie f = v o u Suppose t = u(x) and if both dtdx and dvdt exist we havedfdx= (dvdt)(dtdx) We skip the proof of this theorem Chain rule may be extended as follows Suppose f is a real valued function which is a composite of three functions u v and w ief = (w o u) o v If t = v (x) and s = u (t) thendfdx= [d(w o u) dt]( dtdx) = (dwds) (dsdt) (dtdx) Provided all the derivatives in the statement exist Reader is invited to formulate chain rule for composite of more functions

Example Find the derivative of the function given by f (x) = sin (x2)Solution Observe that the given function is a composite of two functions Indeed if t=u(x)=x2 and v(t) = sin t thenf (x) = (v o u) (x) = v(u(x)) = v(x2) = sin x2

Put t=u(x) =x2 Observe that dvdt=cos t abd dtdx=2x exist Hence by chain ruledfdx=(dvdt) (dtdx) =cos t 2xIt is normal practice to express the final result only in terms of x Thus dfdx= cos t 2x= 2x cos x2

Alternatively we can directly proceed as follows y=sin(x2 ) dydx= cos x2 ddx(x2 ) =2x cos x2 Example Find the derivative of tan(2x+3) Solution Let f (x) = tan (2x + 3) u (x) = 2x + 3 and v(t) = tan t Then (v o u) (x) = v(u(x)) = v(2x + 3) = tan (2x + 3) = f (x)Thus f is a composite of two functions Put t = u(x) = 2x + 3 Then dvdt= sec2 t and dtdx= 2 exist Hence by chain ruledfdx= (dvdt) (dtdx) = 2 sec2 (2x+3) Ex Differentiate sin(cos(x2 )) with respect to x [Hints Let u(x) = x2 v(t) = cos t w(s) = sin sdfdx=(dwds) (dsdt) (dtdx)

Political Science

Franchise and Representation Merits and demerits of Election

Merits of direct elections in India


As the voters elect their representatives directly direct elections are considered to be a more democratic method of electionIt educates people regarding the government activities and helps in choosing appropriate candidates Also it encourages people to play an active role in politicsIt empowers people and make the rulers accountable for their actions

Demerits of direct elections

Direct elections are veryexpensive It incurs huge expenditure on the public exchequer For example in the nine phased 2014 Lok Sabha elections a whopping 30000 crore was spent by the government political parties and candidates Out of which the Election Commission alone spent 3426 croresIlliterate voters sometimes gets misguided by false propaganda and sometimes vote taking in to caste religious and various other sectarian considerations This may result in the election of undeserving candidates There are also instances of Cash for voteSince conducting direct elections are a massive exercise ensuring free and fair elections at all the polling booths may not be possible There are some instances of booth capturing violence intimidation of election officials etc which undermines the credentials of the election process

Role of money power in direct elections cannot be negated There are instances of some political candidates influencing the voters through payments in the form of cash goods or services Poor voters expect bribes from political candidates during election time This in turn leads to wide scale corruption and malpractices It is a well known fact that money power has the potential to swing at least some elections These practices are a regular feature of elections in South India especially in the states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra PradeshElection campaigns sometimes results in violence tension law and order problems and affects the day to day life of people

What are the merits and demerits of Election in India

Homework- learn

Physics

Chapter 3 Gauss Theorem (Summary) Here we will learn Gauss Theorem

Execution

Derivation of Gauss Theorem

dA

θ E

Let us consider a point charge +q situated at O inside a closed surface A Let dA be a small area element surrounding a point P on the surface Let OP = r The area element may be represented by a vector dA

drawn outward outward along the normal to the element

Let E be the electric field intensity at P due to charge +q at O Its direction is along OP The electric flux through the area element dA is

dφE = E dA = EdAcosθ

where θ is the angle between E and dA

Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2

But dω = dAcosθ r2 is the solid angle subtended by area dA at pt O

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω

On integrating above equation we get the electric flux enclosed in area A where the integration over solid angle gives 4π So we get

φE = qϵ this is Gauss Law

CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020

SUBJECT TOPIC SUMMARY EXECUTION


বীরযশলকা

শরদিদনদবনদযনদযাপাধযায়

শিNতীয়শিদরেনরপাঠ-রাজ সভায় লোলরো শরেন রাজা মকররেকতরেক পাঠান খবর শিনরেত মকররেকত জানান এক দীন লেবশী বক সভায় লেজার করের পররেবশ কররেত চাইরে1 পাাচজন পরশিতহারী তা ারেক বনদী করের সভায় শিনরেয় আরেস উপশিসথত আনতরেকর কারে1 রাজা পশিরচয় জানরেত চায় আনতক জানায় লেস বঙগরেদরেশর মানষ বনদীর শি1ননরেবশ অথচ ঋজ ও দঢ় ভঙগী লেদরেখ রাজকমারী মগধ হল রাজা অথ শিদরেত চাইরেল শিতশিন তা পরতযাখযান করেরন শিতশিন জানান এ রারেজয এক মহারঘয ররের সনধারেন এরেসরে1ন তরেব এ রারেজয পররেবশ করের শিতশিন জানরেত লেপরেররে1ন রাজকমারী সশিমKা বী শলকা হরেত চান- শিতশিন ও বীরের পরীকষা শিদরেয় কমারী লেক লাভ কররেত চান তা ার নাম- চণড চরেণডর সপধা ও সাহস লেদরেখ সভায় অটটহারেসযর সষটি হয় রাজা রদরপরতাপ চণডরেক সভার বাইরের লেফরেল লেদওয়ার শিনরেদশ শিদরেলন মকররেকত এশিরেয় আসরেতই চণড তারেক তরেল শিনরেয় বাইরের লেফরেল শিদরেলন চরেণডর এই কাজ লেদরেখ সভার সকরেল শিনবাক ও শিবশিcত রাজকমারী সশিমKা চরেণডর সারেথ কথা বলরেলন এবং ব2রেলন চরেণডর সরেঙগ কথারেত ও এা রেট ওঠা সমভব নয় সশিমKা তখন তা ার শিতনটি পরীকষার কথা cররণ কশিররেয় শিদরেলন এই শিতনটি পশিরকষায় উততীরণ হরেত পাররেল সশিমKা তা ারেক বরমালয লেদরেব অবরেশরেষ চণড পরীকষা লেদওয়ার জনযhelliphellip

শবদাথ-অরেধাবদরেন-মখ নীচ করেরশিNতরেল ndash লেদাতলায়শিসংহাসরেনআসীন- শিসংহাসরেন উপশিবষটগরীবাভশিঙগ ndash রঘাড় রঘশিররেয়সঙকশিচত- কা করেড় াওয়াপরতীহার- Nাররকষাকারীশিনরসতর- অসতরহীনহসতপদ সঞচালন কররে1- হাত পা চালারেjবমাবত- বম Nারা আবতআBাশিkত ndash অশিতশয় শিবশিcত হরেলনউষণীষ- পাশিড়সবারেঙগ- সারারেদরেহসঠাম- সনদরড়নলেবপরেরায়া- নাই পরেরায়া ারআনতক- নতন আমন করেররে1 লেতীরেmাজবল- অশিতশয় উজজবলউততরীয়টি- উততম অরেঙগর বসনমহারঘয- মহামলযবানতালীবনশযামসমদররেমরঘলাবঙগভশিম-তাল-তমালবন রাশিশ লেশাশিভত সমদর লেবষটিত বঙগভশিমবাকষ- লোরর অশিকষর নযায় অশিকষ ারঅধর- লেঠাাটপশিরহাস- ঠাটটা

CLASS NOTES

Class XIISubject Eng Literature (The Tempest ndash William Shakespeare) Topic Act IV Scene 1 Lines 134 to 170 (Prospero hellip Say again where didst thou leave these varlets) Date 30th April 2020 (2nd Period)


o Iris summons the water-nymphs and reapers to come and celebrate a contract of true love

o The water-nymphs enter They and the reapers join in a dance

o Suddenly Prospero remembering

(1) (L 142-149) FERDINAND This is strange Your fathers in some passion

That works him strongly

MIRANDA Never till this day

Saw I him touched with anger so distemperedPROSPERO You do look my son in a moved sort

As if you were dismayed Be cheerful sir

Calibanrsquos plot against his life waves off the show

o Prospero bids Ferdinand and Miranda to retire to his cell and waits for Ariel

o When Ariel appears Prospero asks him where he has left the scoundrels ie Caliban Stephano and Trinculo

-----------------

Our revels now are ended

(i) Why is Prospero ldquotouched with anger so distemperedrdquo Explain the phrase

During the course of the masque Prospero remembered the foul conspiracy hatched by Caliban and his confederates against his life Also it was nearly time for them to execute the plot He was angry with himself as he had forgotten this matterMiranda speaks out this sentence ldquotouched with anger so distemperedrdquo which means that she has never in her life seen Prospero moved with so violent anger(ii) What ldquorevelsrdquo is Prospero referring to Why were they held

The lsquorevelsrsquo Prospero refers to is the Masque show performed by Ariel and his fellow spirits to entertain Miranda and Ferdinand

The Masque was held by Prospero to show his magic art Secondly he wished to celebrate a contract of true love and shower the blessings of two most important Goddesses Juno and Ceres upon Miranda and Ferdinand Thirdly the whole arrangement was to entertain Miranda and Ferdinand (iii) What does Prospero go on to say about human beings and life in the same speech

Prospero draws a moral from the masque of Juno that is just over He dwells here upon the fleeting and unsubstantial nature of human life It is like the substantial pageant which has melted into the air leaving no better than a dream It is made of the same material as dreams are made of After living for a short period here on earth man passes away into a sleep from which there is no awakening Life is finished off with the dreamless sleep of death(iv) What does Prospero now order Ariel to do

Prospero now orders Ariel to thwart the murder plotted by Caliban against him He tells Ariel to fetch the gaudy robes that were in his cell and set them as a trap for Caliban Stephano and Trinculo


(Line 146-158)PROSPEROYou do look my son in a moved sort

As if you were dismayed Be cheerful sirOur revels now are ended These our

actorsAs I foretold you were all spirits andAre melted into air into thin air

And like the baseless fabric of this vision

(v) ldquoAt this hour Lies at my mercy all mine enemiesrdquo says Prospero at the end of this scene Show how far this is true

A Tempest was caused by the supernatural powers of Prospero He did this to bring his enemies at his mercy After the tempest all his enemies were dispersed uninjured in different parts of the island In this scene Ferdinand is separated from his father Alonso King of Naples Alonso becomes tired in seeking out for his son Ariel under the direction of Prospero spreads a banquet before the hungry enemies No sooner than they started eating the banquet disappears Ariel in the disguise of a harpy reminds Alonso Antonio and Sebastian of the wrong they did to Prospero

The cloud-capped towers the gorgeous palaces

The solemn temples the great globe itself

Yea all which it inherit shall dissolveAnd like this insubstantial pageant fadedLeave not a rack behind We are such

stuffAs dreams are made on and our little lifeIs rounded with a sleep

Prospero says to Ferdinand that the entire show of the celebration of Ferdinandrsquos marriage together with the vision of the spirits that played the roles of Juno Ceres Iris and others is an empty show in the sense that it has no realistic background ie it is as good as a dream or an illusion Prospero compares the whole universe with this optical illusion He says that the magnificent buildings the palaces and the holy places of worship etc and all creatures that live in it will too fade away leaving no trace behind them Prospero further compares human life with this illusion and says that human life is as unreal as a dream and that the end of life is nothing but an eternal sleep or death or forgetfulness because after death there is no consciousness no memory no life nothing of the kind

many years ago As a result they are all under Prosperorsquos charm They cannot escape the charm unless Prospero wished Thus at the end of the scene Prospero says ldquoAt this hourlies at my mercy all mine enemiesrdquo

(2) PROSPERO You do look my son in a moved sort (Line 146-163)


Our revels now are ended These our actorsAs I foretold you were all spirits andAre melted into air into thin airAnd like the baseless fabric of this visionThe cloud-capped towers the gorgeous palacesThe solemn temples the great globe itselfYea all which it inherit shall dissolveAnd like this insubstantial pageant fadedLeave not a rack behind We are such stuffAs dreams are made on and our little lifeIs rounded with a sleep Sir I am vexedBear with my weakness My brain is troubledBe not disturbed with my infirmityIf you be pleased retire into my cellAnd there repose A turn or two Ill walkTo still my beating mind

(i) What moral does Prospero draw from the masque that is just over

Prospero tells Ferdinand that the masque or the vision conjured up by his magic has vanished leaving no trace behind it He philosophically adds that it is something baseless and unsubstantial- a mere dream So are this solid world and manrsquos busy life He says that the sky-kissing towers splendid palaces holy temples the world itself and all the creatures that live in it will too fade away leaving no trace behind them He further adds that man prides himself on these works but the pity of it is that all things will pass away and melt into thin air leaving not so much a trace as a film of vapour behind(ii) Explain the following

ldquoWe are such stuff As dreams are made on and our little life Is rounded with a sleeprdquo

Prospero philosophically moralizes that Human existence has the quality of dreams Just as a dream is something unreal and short-lived so is human existence unreal and transitory The brief existence of man is followed merely by death and that means the end of everything After living a short life or period here on the earth man passes away into a sleep from which there is no awakening Life is finished off with the dreamless sleep of death

(iii) To whom does Prospero summon once again What had perturbed Prospero

Prospero summons Ariel once again having previously been informed by Ariel about Calibanrsquos plot against his life It was the thought of the plot by Caliban which had perturbed Prospero when the nymphs and the reapers were dancing

(iv) What does Prospero tell Ariel when he enters What does Ariel inform Prospero about Caliban and his companions

Prospero tells Ariel that he must get ready to thwart Calibanrsquos plot and thereafter to punish Caliban for his evil designs Ariel informs Prospero that he had by his singing lured Caliban and his companions (Stephano and Trinculo) through the bushes thorns and shrubs into a filthy pond beyond Prosperorsquos cell and had then left them there dancing in the foul water(v) What does Prospero ask Ariel to bring and for what purpose What does Prospero say to himself about Caliban

Prospero asks Ariel to bring from his cell the gaudy and cheap garments which lie there and by means of which he would be able to catch those three mischief-makers Prospero speaking to himself (soliloquy) says that Caliban is a devil a born devil whose evil nature cannot be altered by any amount of training or instruction

Ac-12 30420 topic Sums of Admission of a partner

Solution of last day`s question

QuestionAshu and Pankaj are partners sharing profit in the ratio of 3 2 their Balance sheet on March 31 2014 was as follows

Balance Sheet of Ashu and Pankaj as at March 312014

Liabilities Amount Assets Amount

Creditors 38000 Cash in hand 15000 Bills Payable 40000 Cash at Bank 62000 Salaries outstanding 5000 Debtors 58000 Profit amp Loss 40000 Stock 85000 Capitals Machinery 145000 Ashu 150000 Goodwill 38000 Pankaj 130000 280000

403000 403000

They admitted Gurdeep into partnership on the following terms on March 31 2014

(a)New profit sharing ratio is agreed as 3 2 l(b) He will bring in ` 1 00000 as his share of capital and ` 30000 as his share of goodwill(c) Machinery is appreciated by 10(d) Stock is valued at ` 87000(e) Creditors are unrecorded to the extent of ` 6000(f) A provision for doubtful debts is to be created by 4 on debtorsPrepare Revaluation account Capital Accounts Bank account and Balance Sheet of the new firm after admission of Gurdeep

Solution Revaluation Account Dr Cr

Particulars Amount(Rs) Particulars Amount(Rs)

ToProvision for Doubtful Debts 2320 By Machinery 14500ToCreditors 6000 By Stock 2000ToProfit transferred toAshursquos Capital Ac 4908Pankajrsquos Capital Ac 3272 8180

16500 16500

Capital Account Dr Cr

Particulars Ashu Pankaj Gurdeep Particulars Ashu Pankaj Gurdeep

TOGoodwill Ac 22800 15200 mdash To Balance bd 150000 130000 mdashToBalance cd 174108 146072 100000 To PL Ac 24000 16000 mdash (bf) To Revaluation 4908 3272 - AC (Profit) To Bank Ac mdash mdash 100000 To Goodwill 18000 12000 mdash

196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr

Particulars Amount Particulars Amount

To Balance bd 62000 By Balance cd (bf) 192000ToGurdeeprsquos Capital Ac 100000ToGoodwill Ac 30000

192000 192000

Balance Sheet of Ashu Pankaj and Gurdeep as at March 312014


Creditors 44000 Cash in hand 15000Bills Payable 40000 Cash at Bank 192000Salaries outstanding 5000 Debtors 58000Capitals Less ProvforAshu 174108 doubtful debts (-) 2320 55680Pankaj 146072 Stock 87000Gurdeep 100000 420180 Machinery 159500

509180 509180

Working NoteSacrificing Ratio = Existing Ratio ndash New Ratio

Partners Existing Ratio New Ratio Sacrifice Sacrificing RatioAshu 35 36 18-1530 =310 Ashu Pankaj

Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE


Characteristics or Attributes of Sovereignty

(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness

(3) All Comprehensiveness

(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity

(6) Imperscriptibility

(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics

Chapter 3 Gauss Theorem (Summary)

Topic ndash ch 2 My Body [Pg 93 ndash Pg 96]

Humanbody is similar to a machine for example a car As a car has different parts both internal and external and each part has different function similarly humanbody also has different parts both internal and external and each has different function

External parts are those parts of our body which we can see and touch Example ndash head neck hands legs etcOur head has 2 eyes2 ears1 nose and a mouth The mouth has 2 lips 1 tongue and many teeth inside it We have two hands with 4 fingers a thumb in each hand We have 2 legs with five toes in each foot

Internal parts are those parts of our body that our inside our bodywe cannot see or touch them Example ndash brain heart lungs stomachmusclesbones etc

o Brain- helps us to think and controld our body movemento Heart- pumps blood to all the other parts of the bodyo Lungs ndashhelps us to breatho Stomach- helps us to digest the foodo Bones- gives shape to our bodyo Muscles- helps to move our body parts with the help of the bones

SUBJECT- MATHEMATICSGREATER LESSER AND EQUAL TO PUT gtlt OR = SIGN

a) 59 gt 32 b)10 = 10 c) 28 lt 98INCREASING ORDER WRITE IN INCREASING ORDER

a)46902053 b) 36176375Ans) 20465390 Ans) 17366375

NUMERALS WRITE THE NUMERALS OF THE GIVEN NUMBER NAMES

a) Twenty Two- 22 b) Hundred- 100 c) Sixty Nine- 69SKIP COUNTING FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH SKIP COUNTING

a) 3579111315 b)15202530354045ADDITION FIND THE SUM

a)14+3=17 b)12+4=16 c)12+6=18SUBTRACTION FIND THS DIFFERENCE

a)11-5=6 b)15-6=9 c)40-30=10EXPANDED FORM WRITE IN EXPANDED FORM

a)26=2 Tens+6 Ones b)39=3 Tens+9 Ones c) 54=5 Tens+4 OnesREDUCED FORM WRITE IN REDUCED FORM

a)8 Tens+0 Ones=80 b)9 Tens+1 One=91MULTIPLICATION FIND THE PRODUCT

a) 7 b)8 c)10 d)2 e)9 f)5 times5 times3 times5 times8 times2 times6

------ ------ ------ ------ ------ -------35 24 50 16 18 30

------ ------- ------ ------ ------- -------______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Class IIISubject social studies






______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________









6 2 3 4 0 5










1 I 9 IX 17 XVII

2 II 10 X 18 XVIII

3 III 11 XI 19 XIX

4 IV 12 XII 02 XX

5 V 13 XIII 50 L

6 VI 14 XIV 100 C

7 VII 15 XV 500 D








______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________





























______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Organismuarr

Organ System

uarrOrgan

uarrTissue

uarrCell



Parenchyma





Xylem


Phloem






For example 34

43

718

187

3367


RATIONAL NUMBERS




02

05

0minus10

0minus15

022




10 023 = 23100 143 =

143100 etc




minus58 =

58 and so on


Rational Numbers

RULE EXAMPLE

ab =

ntimesantimesb

23 =


812

ab =


812 =


23

aa = a times

1a = 1

44 = 4 times

14 = 1

ab +

cb =

a+cb

35 +

15 =

3+15 =

45

ab -

cb =

aminuscb

35 -

15 =

3minus15 =

25

ab times

cd =

a times cb timesd

14 times

23 =

1 times24 times 3 =

212

ab divide

cd =

ab times

dc

14 divide

23 =

14 times

32 =

38







Xylem


i) Vessels


ii) Tracheid




store food






bull Nitrogen (N)





















Subject-Economics












Welfare definition


Scarcity definition


Growth definition



___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



























Commercial Studies











































Physics


















CLASS NOTES






(1)








yet


























BUSINESS STUDIES

ENTREPRENEURSHIP
















ECONOMICS








Question














Mathematics








Political Science



(2) Exclusiveness

Execution



Homework-learn


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility


(9) Originality















Kingrdquo





















authority




























united













destroy it







state existsrdquo








(2ND LANGUAGE)



Hindi 2nd lang























Staff Recruitment













































































Hindi 2nd lang



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics







______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________









6 2 3 4 0 5










1 I 9 IX 17 XVII

2 II 10 X 18 XVIII

3 III 11 XI 19 XIX

4 IV 12 XII 02 XX

5 V 13 XIII 50 L

6 VI 14 XIV 100 C

7 VII 15 XV 500 D








______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________





























______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Organismuarr

Organ System

uarrOrgan

uarrTissue

uarrCell



Parenchyma





Xylem


Phloem






For example 34

43

718

187

3367


RATIONAL NUMBERS




02

05

0minus10

0minus15

022




10 023 = 23100 143 =

143100 etc




minus58 =

58 and so on


Rational Numbers

RULE EXAMPLE

ab =

ntimesantimesb

23 =


812

ab =


812 =


23

aa = a times

1a = 1

44 = 4 times

14 = 1

ab +

cb =

a+cb

35 +

15 =

3+15 =

45

ab -

cb =

aminuscb

35 -

15 =

3minus15 =

25

ab times

cd =

a times cb timesd

14 times

23 =

1 times24 times 3 =

212

ab divide

cd =

ab times

dc

14 divide

23 =

14 times

32 =

38







Xylem


i) Vessels


ii) Tracheid




store food






bull Nitrogen (N)





















Subject-Economics












Welfare definition


Scarcity definition


Growth definition



___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



























Commercial Studies











































Physics


















CLASS NOTES






(1)








yet


























BUSINESS STUDIES

ENTREPRENEURSHIP
















ECONOMICS








Question














Mathematics








Political Science



(2) Exclusiveness

Execution



Homework-learn


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility


(9) Originality















Kingrdquo





















authority




























united













destroy it







state existsrdquo








(2ND LANGUAGE)



Hindi 2nd lang























Staff Recruitment













































































Hindi 2nd lang



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics


6 2 3 4 0 5










1 I 9 IX 17 XVII

2 II 10 X 18 XVIII

3 III 11 XI 19 XIX

4 IV 12 XII 02 XX

5 V 13 XIII 50 L

6 VI 14 XIV 100 C

7 VII 15 XV 500 D








______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________





























______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Organismuarr

Organ System

uarrOrgan

uarrTissue

uarrCell



Parenchyma





Xylem


Phloem






For example 34

43

718

187

3367


RATIONAL NUMBERS




02

05

0minus10

0minus15

022




10 023 = 23100 143 =

143100 etc




minus58 =

58 and so on


Rational Numbers

RULE EXAMPLE

ab =

ntimesantimesb

23 =


812

ab =


812 =


23

aa = a times

1a = 1

44 = 4 times

14 = 1

ab +

cb =

a+cb

35 +

15 =

3+15 =

45

ab -

cb =

aminuscb

35 -

15 =

3minus15 =

25

ab times

cd =

a times cb timesd

14 times

23 =

1 times24 times 3 =

212

ab divide

cd =

ab times

dc

14 divide

23 =

14 times

32 =

38







Xylem


i) Vessels


ii) Tracheid




store food






bull Nitrogen (N)





















Subject-Economics












Welfare definition


Scarcity definition


Growth definition



___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



























Commercial Studies











































Physics


















CLASS NOTES






(1)








yet


























BUSINESS STUDIES

ENTREPRENEURSHIP
















ECONOMICS








Question














Mathematics








Political Science



(2) Exclusiveness

Execution



Homework-learn


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility


(9) Originality















Kingrdquo





















authority




























united













destroy it







state existsrdquo








(2ND LANGUAGE)



Hindi 2nd lang























Staff Recruitment













































































Hindi 2nd lang



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics


4 IV 12 XII 02 XX

5 V 13 XIII 50 L

6 VI 14 XIV 100 C

7 VII 15 XV 500 D








______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________





























______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Organismuarr

Organ System

uarrOrgan

uarrTissue

uarrCell



Parenchyma





Xylem


Phloem






For example 34

43

718

187

3367


RATIONAL NUMBERS




02

05

0minus10

0minus15

022




10 023 = 23100 143 =

143100 etc




minus58 =

58 and so on


Rational Numbers

RULE EXAMPLE

ab =

ntimesantimesb

23 =


812

ab =


812 =


23

aa = a times

1a = 1

44 = 4 times

14 = 1

ab +

cb =

a+cb

35 +

15 =

3+15 =

45

ab -

cb =

aminuscb

35 -

15 =

3minus15 =

25

ab times

cd =

a times cb timesd

14 times

23 =

1 times24 times 3 =

212

ab divide

cd =

ab times

dc

14 divide

23 =

14 times

32 =

38







Xylem


i) Vessels


ii) Tracheid




store food






bull Nitrogen (N)





















Subject-Economics












Welfare definition


Scarcity definition


Growth definition



___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



























Commercial Studies











































Physics


















CLASS NOTES






(1)








yet


























BUSINESS STUDIES

ENTREPRENEURSHIP
















ECONOMICS








Question














Mathematics








Political Science



(2) Exclusiveness

Execution



Homework-learn


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility


(9) Originality















Kingrdquo





















authority




























united













destroy it







state existsrdquo








(2ND LANGUAGE)



Hindi 2nd lang























Staff Recruitment













































































Hindi 2nd lang



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics



______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________





























______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Organismuarr

Organ System

uarrOrgan

uarrTissue

uarrCell



Parenchyma





Xylem


Phloem






For example 34

43

718

187

3367


RATIONAL NUMBERS




02

05

0minus10

0minus15

022




10 023 = 23100 143 =

143100 etc




minus58 =

58 and so on


Rational Numbers

RULE EXAMPLE

ab =

ntimesantimesb

23 =


812

ab =


812 =


23

aa = a times

1a = 1

44 = 4 times

14 = 1

ab +

cb =

a+cb

35 +

15 =

3+15 =

45

ab -

cb =

aminuscb

35 -

15 =

3minus15 =

25

ab times

cd =

a times cb timesd

14 times

23 =

1 times24 times 3 =

212

ab divide

cd =

ab times

dc

14 divide

23 =

14 times

32 =

38







Xylem


i) Vessels


ii) Tracheid




store food






bull Nitrogen (N)





















Subject-Economics












Welfare definition


Scarcity definition


Growth definition



___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



























Commercial Studies











































Physics


















CLASS NOTES






(1)








yet


























BUSINESS STUDIES

ENTREPRENEURSHIP
















ECONOMICS








Question














Mathematics








Political Science



(2) Exclusiveness

Execution



Homework-learn


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility


(9) Originality















Kingrdquo





















authority




























united













destroy it







state existsrdquo








(2ND LANGUAGE)



Hindi 2nd lang























Staff Recruitment













































































Hindi 2nd lang



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics
















______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Organismuarr

Organ System

uarrOrgan

uarrTissue

uarrCell



Parenchyma





Xylem


Phloem






For example 34

43

718

187

3367


RATIONAL NUMBERS




02

05

0minus10

0minus15

022




10 023 = 23100 143 =

143100 etc




minus58 =

58 and so on


Rational Numbers

RULE EXAMPLE

ab =

ntimesantimesb

23 =


812

ab =


812 =


23

aa = a times

1a = 1

44 = 4 times

14 = 1

ab +

cb =

a+cb

35 +

15 =

3+15 =

45

ab -

cb =

aminuscb

35 -

15 =

3minus15 =

25

ab times

cd =

a times cb timesd

14 times

23 =

1 times24 times 3 =

212

ab divide

cd =

ab times

dc

14 divide

23 =

14 times

32 =

38







Xylem


i) Vessels


ii) Tracheid




store food






bull Nitrogen (N)





















Subject-Economics












Welfare definition


Scarcity definition


Growth definition



___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



























Commercial Studies











































Physics


















CLASS NOTES






(1)








yet


























BUSINESS STUDIES

ENTREPRENEURSHIP
















ECONOMICS








Question














Mathematics








Political Science



(2) Exclusiveness

Execution



Homework-learn


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility


(9) Originality















Kingrdquo





















authority




























united













destroy it







state existsrdquo








(2ND LANGUAGE)



Hindi 2nd lang























Staff Recruitment













































































Hindi 2nd lang



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics


uarrOrgan

uarrTissue

uarrCell



Parenchyma





Xylem


Phloem






For example 34

43

718

187

3367


RATIONAL NUMBERS




02

05

0minus10

0minus15

022




10 023 = 23100 143 =

143100 etc




minus58 =

58 and so on


Rational Numbers

RULE EXAMPLE

ab =

ntimesantimesb

23 =


812

ab =


812 =


23

aa = a times

1a = 1

44 = 4 times

14 = 1

ab +

cb =

a+cb

35 +

15 =

3+15 =

45

ab -

cb =

aminuscb

35 -

15 =

3minus15 =

25

ab times

cd =

a times cb timesd

14 times

23 =

1 times24 times 3 =

212

ab divide

cd =

ab times

dc

14 divide

23 =

14 times

32 =

38







Xylem


i) Vessels


ii) Tracheid




store food






bull Nitrogen (N)





















Subject-Economics












Welfare definition


Scarcity definition


Growth definition



___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



























Commercial Studies











































Physics


















CLASS NOTES






(1)








yet


























BUSINESS STUDIES

ENTREPRENEURSHIP
















ECONOMICS








Question














Mathematics








Political Science



(2) Exclusiveness

Execution



Homework-learn


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility


(9) Originality















Kingrdquo





















authority




























united













destroy it







state existsrdquo








(2ND LANGUAGE)



Hindi 2nd lang























Staff Recruitment













































































Hindi 2nd lang



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics





For example 34

43

718

187

3367


RATIONAL NUMBERS




02

05

0minus10

0minus15

022




10 023 = 23100 143 =

143100 etc




minus58 =

58 and so on


Rational Numbers

RULE EXAMPLE

ab =

ntimesantimesb

23 =


812

ab =


812 =


23

aa = a times

1a = 1

44 = 4 times

14 = 1

ab +

cb =

a+cb

35 +

15 =

3+15 =

45

ab -

cb =

aminuscb

35 -

15 =

3minus15 =

25

ab times

cd =

a times cb timesd

14 times

23 =

1 times24 times 3 =

212

ab divide

cd =

ab times

dc

14 divide

23 =

14 times

32 =

38







Xylem


i) Vessels


ii) Tracheid




store food






bull Nitrogen (N)





















Subject-Economics












Welfare definition


Scarcity definition


Growth definition



___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



























Commercial Studies











































Physics


















CLASS NOTES






(1)








yet


























BUSINESS STUDIES

ENTREPRENEURSHIP
















ECONOMICS








Question














Mathematics








Political Science



(2) Exclusiveness

Execution



Homework-learn


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility


(9) Originality















Kingrdquo





















authority




























united













destroy it







state existsrdquo








(2ND LANGUAGE)



Hindi 2nd lang























Staff Recruitment













































































Hindi 2nd lang



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics



Rational Numbers

RULE EXAMPLE

ab =

ntimesantimesb

23 =


812

ab =


812 =


23

aa = a times

1a = 1

44 = 4 times

14 = 1

ab +

cb =

a+cb

35 +

15 =

3+15 =

45

ab -

cb =

aminuscb

35 -

15 =

3minus15 =

25

ab times

cd =

a times cb timesd

14 times

23 =

1 times24 times 3 =

212

ab divide

cd =

ab times

dc

14 divide

23 =

14 times

32 =

38







Xylem


i) Vessels


ii) Tracheid




store food






bull Nitrogen (N)





















Subject-Economics












Welfare definition


Scarcity definition


Growth definition



___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



























Commercial Studies











































Physics


















CLASS NOTES






(1)








yet


























BUSINESS STUDIES

ENTREPRENEURSHIP
















ECONOMICS








Question














Mathematics








Political Science



(2) Exclusiveness

Execution



Homework-learn


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility


(9) Originality















Kingrdquo





















authority




























united













destroy it







state existsrdquo








(2ND LANGUAGE)



Hindi 2nd lang























Staff Recruitment













































































Hindi 2nd lang



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics







bull Nitrogen (N)





















Subject-Economics












Welfare definition


Scarcity definition


Growth definition



___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



























Commercial Studies











































Physics


















CLASS NOTES






(1)








yet


























BUSINESS STUDIES

ENTREPRENEURSHIP
















ECONOMICS








Question














Mathematics








Political Science



(2) Exclusiveness

Execution



Homework-learn


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility


(9) Originality















Kingrdquo





















authority




























united













destroy it







state existsrdquo








(2ND LANGUAGE)



Hindi 2nd lang























Staff Recruitment













































































Hindi 2nd lang



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics












Subject-Economics












Welfare definition


Scarcity definition


Growth definition



___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



























Commercial Studies











































Physics


















CLASS NOTES






(1)








yet


























BUSINESS STUDIES

ENTREPRENEURSHIP
















ECONOMICS








Question














Mathematics








Political Science



(2) Exclusiveness

Execution



Homework-learn


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility


(9) Originality















Kingrdquo





















authority




























united













destroy it







state existsrdquo








(2ND LANGUAGE)



Hindi 2nd lang























Staff Recruitment













































































Hindi 2nd lang



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics










Welfare definition


Scarcity definition


Growth definition



___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________



























Commercial Studies











































Physics


















CLASS NOTES






(1)








yet


























BUSINESS STUDIES

ENTREPRENEURSHIP
















ECONOMICS








Question














Mathematics








Political Science



(2) Exclusiveness

Execution



Homework-learn


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility


(9) Originality















Kingrdquo





















authority




























united













destroy it







state existsrdquo








(2ND LANGUAGE)



Hindi 2nd lang























Staff Recruitment













































































Hindi 2nd lang



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics

























Commercial Studies











































Physics


















CLASS NOTES






(1)








yet


























BUSINESS STUDIES

ENTREPRENEURSHIP
















ECONOMICS








Question














Mathematics








Political Science



(2) Exclusiveness

Execution



Homework-learn


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility


(9) Originality















Kingrdquo





















authority




























united













destroy it







state existsrdquo








(2ND LANGUAGE)



Hindi 2nd lang























Staff Recruitment













































































Hindi 2nd lang



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics






































Physics


















CLASS NOTES






(1)








yet


























BUSINESS STUDIES

ENTREPRENEURSHIP
















ECONOMICS








Question














Mathematics








Political Science



(2) Exclusiveness

Execution



Homework-learn


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility


(9) Originality















Kingrdquo





















authority




























united













destroy it







state existsrdquo








(2ND LANGUAGE)



Hindi 2nd lang























Staff Recruitment













































































Hindi 2nd lang



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics













CLASS NOTES






(1)








yet


























BUSINESS STUDIES

ENTREPRENEURSHIP
















ECONOMICS








Question














Mathematics








Political Science



(2) Exclusiveness

Execution



Homework-learn


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility


(9) Originality















Kingrdquo





















authority




























united













destroy it







state existsrdquo








(2ND LANGUAGE)



Hindi 2nd lang























Staff Recruitment













































































Hindi 2nd lang



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics

























BUSINESS STUDIES

ENTREPRENEURSHIP
















ECONOMICS








Question














Mathematics








Political Science



(2) Exclusiveness

Execution



Homework-learn


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility


(9) Originality















Kingrdquo





















authority




























united













destroy it







state existsrdquo








(2ND LANGUAGE)



Hindi 2nd lang























Staff Recruitment













































































Hindi 2nd lang



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics













ECONOMICS








Question














Mathematics








Political Science



(2) Exclusiveness

Execution



Homework-learn


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility


(9) Originality















Kingrdquo





















authority




























united













destroy it







state existsrdquo








(2ND LANGUAGE)



Hindi 2nd lang























Staff Recruitment













































































Hindi 2nd lang



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics










Mathematics








Political Science



(2) Exclusiveness

Execution



Homework-learn


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility


(9) Originality















Kingrdquo





















authority




























united













destroy it







state existsrdquo








(2ND LANGUAGE)



Hindi 2nd lang























Staff Recruitment













































































Hindi 2nd lang



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics






Political Science



(2) Exclusiveness

Execution



Homework-learn


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility


(9) Originality















Kingrdquo





















authority




























united













destroy it







state existsrdquo








(2ND LANGUAGE)



Hindi 2nd lang























Staff Recruitment













































































Hindi 2nd lang



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics



(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility


(9) Originality















Kingrdquo





















authority




























united













destroy it







state existsrdquo








(2ND LANGUAGE)



Hindi 2nd lang























Staff Recruitment













































































Hindi 2nd lang



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics














authority




























united













destroy it







state existsrdquo








(2ND LANGUAGE)



Hindi 2nd lang























Staff Recruitment













































































Hindi 2nd lang



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics





united













destroy it







state existsrdquo








(2ND LANGUAGE)



Hindi 2nd lang























Staff Recruitment













































































Hindi 2nd lang



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics


(2ND LANGUAGE)



Hindi 2nd lang























Staff Recruitment













































































Hindi 2nd lang



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics








Staff Recruitment













































































Hindi 2nd lang



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics





































































Hindi 2nd lang



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics



Mathematics







Political Science









Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics







Homework- learn

Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics


Physics


Execution


dA

θ E






Now E = 1

4 πϵ q r2

So dφE = q

4 πϵ dAcosθ r2


So dφE = q

4 πϵ dω



CLASS ndash XII

+q rrr

O dω r P

DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics


DATE ndash 30042020







CLASS NOTES














-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics





-----------------







































403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics


























403000 403000






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics






16500 16500




196908 161272 100000 196908 161272 100000

Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics


Bank Account Dr Cr



192000 192000




509180 509180



Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics


Pankaj 25 26 - 3 2

Types of Plastids

RULE

EXAMPLE



(1) Permanence

(2) Exclusiveness


(4) Inalienability

(5) Unity


(7) Indivisibility

(8) Absoluteness

(9) Originality



Physics


€¦ · Web viewClass I. Subject: EVS Chapter 7 Clothes . We need clothes tocover our body. They...

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Transcript of €¦ · Web viewClass I. Subject: EVS Chapter 7 Clothes . We need clothes tocover our body. They...