Chapter 4. Ryuichi Mastuda. 1963. Some evolutionary aspects of the insect thorax. Pages 59-76. In: Ray F. Smith, Thomas E. Mittler (editors). Annual Review of Entomology. Volume 8, 524 pages. Palo Alto, California: Annual Reviews Inc.

Keywords: insect morphology, evolution of the pleurosternal region, morphology and evolution of the sternum, the primitive pleural region and its evolution, a hypothetical primitive pleural wall of the pterothorax in insects, evolution of some flight muscles, tergo-coxal and subalar-coxal muscles, tergo-trochantinal muscles, tergo-anapleural muscles, origin and evolution of the anapleuro-trochantinal, coaxal and pre-episternal muscles, dorsal longitudinal muscles