Chapter 3. Peter Millburn. 1978. Biotransformation of xenobiotics by animals. Pages 35-73. In: J. B. Harborne (editor). Biochemical Aspects of Plant and Animal Coevolution. London, Academic Press, 435 pages.

Keywords: principles of xenobiotic metabolism, biphasic metabolism and excretion, excretion, benzene, phenolphthalein, biological consequences of metabolism, metabolism by the intestinal microflora, plant glycosides, quinic acid, phase I biotransformation, types of phase I reactions, oxidation, mono-oxygenases, the microsomal electron transport chain, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, cytochrome P-450, mechanism of microsomal oxidation, intermediate arene oxides and toxicity, arene oxides and toxicity, occurrence of phase I metabolism, phenanthrene, animals, phase II biotransformations, general mechanisms, conjugations involving endogenous conjugating agents, conjugations involving activated xenobiotics, conjugations involving glutathione, cyanide detoxication, conjugations with sugars,

glucosides, glucuronides, conjugation of aromatic acids, conjugation of benzoic acid, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibia, insects, crustacea, arachnids, myriapods, onychophora, conjugation of arylacetic acids, fish, indol-3-ylacetic acid, 1-naphthylacetic acid, chemical structure and pattern of conjugation