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Building BackgroundPre-Reading Activity

In your small groups, you will be researching the culture and history of America in the 1920s . . . the setting for our novel. You will be assigned a specific topic to read, and your group will report the information you find to the class as a whole.

You will be working in groups of four. Within this group, each individual needs to select a job for which they will be 100% responsible. Grades will be assigned individually and as a group. Available duties are:

Time keeper and task master Recorder

Presentation leader/designer Fact checker

All groups will be provided with supplies necessary for the presentation. Decide what your group wants to use, then the presentation leader should collect the supplies from the teacher. Choices include:

Poster board or big 3M sticky notes Markers, crayons, colored pencils, highlighters Overhead transparencies with Vis-à-vis markers

Power Point presentation saved to teacher’s jump drive

You will have one hour to read and assemble your group’s presentation – so get to it! Time is limited, so the time keeper needs to ensure everyone will make the deadline. Remember, the overall goal is to share useful information . . . no one is expecting perfection – just your best effort in the time allotted. The topics are:

Women in the 1920s Financial Institutions/Stock Market of the 1920s

Jazz music of the Jazz Era Prohibition and Organized Crime in the 1920s

World War I, Its Impact on the US Psyche, and the Legacy of Isolationism Sigmund Freud and the Birth of Psychotherapy

Fashion of the Era The Chicago ‘Black Sox’ and Shoeless Joe Jackson

Building BackgroundWriting Activity

ARIZONAInstrument to Measure

Standards

WRITINGPractice Test Form

AIMS High

School Form WA-ST-1

Directions: Use this prewriting/planning page for notes, lists, webs, outlines, or anything else that might help you plan your writing.

Writing Prompt:

Throughout our lives, all of us have suffered significant losses . . . both big and small. Luckily, we are often able to move forward, but occasionally we lose something that affects us deeply and is impossible to recover. Write about a personal loss (of a person, place, feeling, idea, relationship, ability) and explain how that loss has impacted your life.

DRAFT

Directions: Write the first draft of your essay on the following lines. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Go on

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Directions: Review the items in the writer’s checklist below. Then, carefully, reread your rough draft. Check every box that is a true statement about your draft. Go back through your draft and mark corrections that would improve your writing.

FINAL COPY

WRITER’S CHECKLIST~adapted from the 6 Traits~

My paper has a specific audience and purpose

My paper contains a strong controlling idea

My paper stays on topic

My paper includes specific and relevant details, reasons, and examples

My paper has an effective beginning, middle, and end

My paper progresses in a logical order, and my ideas flow smoothly

My paper contains words that make it interesting

My paper includes effective paragraphing

My paper includes correct grammar, usage, punctuation, capitalization, spelling, and conventions

FINAL COPY

Directions: Write the final copy of your essay on the following lines. Be sure to incorporate the tips from the writer’s checklist on the prior page – pay attention to those 6 Traits of Writing!!! ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Go on

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Name: ___________________________

The Great GatsbyBackground ‘Close’ Notes

Pre-Reading PreviewBased on the above book covers, predict what you think this novel might be about. Consider any symbolic colors or objects that may be of import:

what you predict: why you predicted it:

Pre-Reading SurveyFor the following statements below, indicate whether you think the idea expressed is TRUE or FALSE, based on your own personal experience and knowledge.

1. Love conquers all. true false2. Money can buy happiness. true false3. All Americans have equal access to the American Dream. true false4. People who graduate from college are more intelligent than people who don’t. true false5. People from big cities are more sophisticated than people from rural areas. true false6. What you have is more important than how you get it. true false7. The needs of a child should come before the wants of a parent. true false8. Long-term goals are more important than having short-term fun. true false9. The people you spend time around mold who you are and what you value. true false10. We all have the power to ‘re-do’ the past and invent our own futures. true false

I. F. Scott Fitzgerald A. Born 1896B. Catholic, ‘respectable’ Mid-western familyC. ‘Shabby Genteel’ family:

1. ____________________________________ traditions2. No _________________________________________ to support traditions

D. Private prep-school education (St. Paul Academy)E. ____________________________ University 1913

1. Romance with flighty, wealthy ___________________ from Chicago (unattainable)2. Dropped out sophomore year (‘illness’) ~ although published frequently3. Returned for his junior year4. ________________________ his senior year ~ army commission of 2nd Lieutenant

November 1917. (WWI had begun in _________)a. Stationed in ___________________(not Europe)b. Met his 2nd Love: Zelda Sayre

II. F. Scott and Zelda A. Courted in Alabama

1. Zelda was a wealthy Southern ___________________, courted by many men 2. F. Scott wanted to marry immediately3. Zelda would not, until he could demonstrate ability to support her in her accustomed _____________________________________4. WW I ended 1918, and F. Scott heads to N.Y.C. to seek fame and fortune

B. F. Scott on a mission

1. Fitzgerald decorates his apartment with _____________________for 8 months2. Zelda claims love and commitment in love letters 3. F. Scott has to ______________________________________ to write full-time4. Begins to publish materials and win rave academic and commercial reviews5. Returns to N.Y.C.6. Published __________________________________7. Married Zelda in April of 1921~ 1 week after novel’s publication8. Became the ____________________________________ of the Roaring 20s.

C. The lifestyle of the Fitzgeralds1. Luxury apartment in N.Y.C.2. ____________________________ . . . both parties guilty3. Party lifestyle4. Famous friends, outrageous parties, unlimited funds5.______________________________________________6. Trips to Europe/Paris Paris with wealthy, educated friends

D. The marriage 1. Daughter, ‘Scottie’2. Published The Beautiful and the Damned3. Moved out of the city to ________________________4. Zelda writes a novel and paints 5. Moved to Europe in 1924.

1. Zelda has _________________________________________________2. Drinking escalates

6. Fitzgerald writes _____________________________________7. Publishes a lot of garbage to support lifestyle8. Is surpassed in status by friends Ernest Hemingway and T.S.Eliot9. Publishes _______________________________________ in 193410. Zelda has 3 psychotic breaks

a. Obsesses over becoming ______________________________b. Institutionalized (schizophrenia, bi-polar, depression???)c. Expensive need: permanent institutionalization

11. Writes for Hollywood12. F. Scott has ___________________________Sheila Graham (from London)13. Writes The Last Tycoon14. Books no longer in publication . . . ___________________________________15. November and December 1940 ~ 2 heart attacks and death

16. Zelda outlived him in an institution, until she ________________________17. Works rediscovered in the 1960s

Deliberate Pause I:Based on his life experience, how do you think F. Scott Fitzgerald views LOVE and WOMEN?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Deliberate Pause II:

What message is F. Scott Fitzgerald trying to communicate by having the final line of Gatsby engraved on the top of his tomb? Put his thoughts into your own words!_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

III. The 1920s : A setting for GatsbyA. World War I ended in _________________.B. ___________________________ movementC. Shift from idealism to hedonism/materialism ~ live for today!

Trench warfareDread of deathDead brothers, husbands, and sons

D. Speakeasy parties (prohibition)E. ‘________’, jazz music, outrageous dancingF. Mood of _________________________

IV. Women in the 1920s ~ Breaking BoundariesA. ____________ Married Woman’s Property ActB. ____________ 19th Amendment Passes, thanks to Alice Paul and Carrie Chapman Catt C. Coco Chanel rids women of the corset, a fashion accessory that caused:

1. _____________2. Broken ribs3. _____________ 4. Nausea

D.Amelia Earhart became a famous aviator, and made ___________ fashionable for women

E. Discussion of ____________ was considered illegal and profane. Margaret Sanger Fought for this right for all American women (not just the rich who could travel to Europe)

F. Over ____% of women worked, contrary to popular misconceptions. Most worked in dangerous working conditions for little pay:

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

G. Babe Didrickson Zaharius won many ____________________ .

H. Women had little financial, social, or political power. Marrying for ‘romantic love’ was a Luxury few women had. Often, arrangements for marriage were made by parents based on:

Chapter 1 Chapter 1

Vocabulary of Note

privy

languidly

reproach

plagiaristic

epigram

levity

supercilious

intimation

Answer the following questions as best as you can. As you answer each question, you must do TWO things. You must write in complete sentences, and you must give evidence DIRECTLY FROM THE TEXT that supports your answer, when necessary (particularly, when you are asked for your own opinion).

1. On the first page, you are introduced to your narrator, Nick Carraway. Nick reveals that he is inclined to ‘reserve all _______________________’. What does this mean, and who gave him this advice?

2. What is the narrator especially careful not to forget?

3. What does the above advice mean? Do you agree with Nick’s father? What are “fundamental decencies”?

4. How does Fitzgerald use foreshadowing in this first chapter?

5. Circle and label West Egg and East Egg below, and describe each:

West Egg East Egg

6. What does Nick do for a living? What does this tell you about his personality?

7. Where did Nick go to school? What other character attended there?

8. Who lives next to the narrator? Describe his house.

9. Who are the Tom Buchanans (in relation to Nick) and where do they live?

10. Based on what you have read so far, how has Tom been characterized by Fitzgerald? telling physical description important words (dialogue)

key actions/behaviors how other characters react to him

11. Make a prediction: what would cause people to move around regularly?

12. Briefly describe the symbolism apparent when Nick enters the Buchanan’s living room:symbol and action what it means

13. Describe Daisy physically. From the description, what actress, singer, or other well-known figure do you think might be like Daisy?

14. How does Daisy’s manner of speaking make others feel? What is your first impression of her?

15. Describe Jordan Baker, and why she is at the Buchanan’s.

16. How does Jordan feel about West Egg? How do you know?

17. How do we get the distinct impression that Tom is a racist? What is his explanation for “civilization going to pieces”?

18. When the phone rings, we learn about Tom’s infidelity. How do you know that Daisy is aware of his indiscretion?

19. On page 21, we get a glimpse into Daisy’s character. How aware is she of others? How do you know this?

20. Daisy hoped that her daughter would be a fool because, “That’s the best thing a girl can be in this world…a beautiful little fool.” What does this comment reveal about the way she feels about women/girls in her society?

21. Chapter One concludes with the image of the green light at the end of the Buchanan’s dock. What is this symbolic of (consider both the COLOR and the OBJECT ITSELF)?

Making ConnectionsStrand 3 Activity

Read the blog below that describes how to properly identify a first edition of The Great Gatsby. Then, answer the questions that follow.

Modern First Editions Blog Your complete guide to identifying first editions

http://modernfirsteditions.net/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gatsby_1925_jacket.gif%00%E5%A1%B9%EF%92%81%E1%B4%BB%E4%A1%BF%E2%B2%AF%E5%B6%82%E8%97%84%E6%8C%A7%00%00%EA%AE%A5

1. You just purchased an old copy of Gatsby at a garage sale that shows a 1925 copyright date – and it is in great shape! Because it doesn’t have a dust jacket, you paid $1500 cash for it. Once you get home, you notice that on page 205, the dialogue from Wolfsheim’s secretary reads, “You young men think you can force your way in here any time . . . We’re getting sick in tired of it. When I say he’s in Chicago he’s in Chicago”. You conclude that: (S3: CO2; PO1)

A. You just overpaid for the book by at least $500.B. You paid a fair price for the book.C. You underpaid for the book by $1000 - $8500 .D. You would have gotten a better deal had you found the UK edition

2. Based on the information provided by Modern First Editions Blog, what is a logical inference that can be made about the relationship between the first US edition and the first UK edition of Gatsby? (S3: CO1; PO7)

A. They were printed simultaneously in different countries.B. The UK edition was printed prior to the US editionC. The US edition was published before the UK versionD. Both countries’ publications printed the same number of copies

3. Where would the author of this blog most likely place the pricing for a first edition of Gatsby that has the added distinction of being signed by the F. Scott Fitzgerald? (S1: CO6; PO5)

A. ArchivesB. First Edition PointsC. ValueD. Categories

4. Predict how the value of a signed second US edition (with a dust jacket) would compare to the currently listed book descriptions: (S3: CO1; PO7)

A. It would be worth less than an unsigned, first UK edition with a dust jacket.B. It would be worth more than an unsigned, second US edition without a dust jacket.C. It would be worth more than an unsigned, first US edition with a dust jacket.D. It would not change the value of the second US edition with dust jacket volume.

5. Infer why a book with a dust jacket has so much more value in the free market than the exact same copy of the book without the dust jacket? (S3: CO1; PO7)

A. because that is where the author places his personal signature and personalized messageB. because it holds original artwork by that is coveted by art collectorsC. because most have not outlasted the past 90+ years, making them rareD. because they prove that the book has not been opened yet, increasing the value

6. Based on the information included on this page, which of these is LEAST likely to be found on the companion page for East of Eden by John Steinbeck? (S1: CO6; PO1)

A. explanation of how to identify ‘telling details’ of a first and second edition of the bookB. pricing estimations for the variety of sought after editions of the bookC. original publication dates and country of originD. summaries of each chapter and a character list

7. Based on the Bonham’s website article above, how would you describe the accuracy of value estimations given by the prior Modern First Editions blog? (S3; CO2; PO2)

A. The free-market price greatly exceeded the $100K baseline but fell short of the $250K ceiling.B. The free-market price exceeded all expectations from Modern First Editions.C. The free-market price fell short of the minimum $100K expectation suggested by the blog.D. The free-market price could have been improved if the book had its original dust jacket.

8. Considering the information from both Modern First Editions and Bonhams, if you had to set a starting bid for the next available 1st Edition of Gatsby, what amount would you select? (S3: CO2, PO2)

A. $180,000B. $250,000C. $50,000D. $15,000

9. The word ‘amassing’ most likely means what? (S1: CO4; PO2)

A. calculatingB. liftingC. estimatingD. collecting

Chapter 2 QuestionsChapter 2 Questions

Vocabulary of Note

grotesque

transcendent

hauteur

contiguous

pastoral

strident

proprietary


1. Describe the valley of ashes. What does it symbolize?

2. Does Tom try to keep his affair with Myrtle a secret?

3. Nick goes with Tom to visit Myrtle. Describe her and her husband, and what happens during the course of the evening.

4. Explain the significance of the puppy episode.

5. What gossip does Nick learn at the party?

6. What shows Myrtle’s lack of sophistication?

7. What examples are given in both chapters one and two that Nick is a good listener?

8. What are the eyes of Dr. T.J. Eckleburg?

9. How does Catherine rationalize her sister’s affair with Tom?

10. What does Tom do when Myrtle screams Daisy’s name at him? What does this show you about Tom?

Making ConnectionsPOETRY BREAK!!

Read the poem below by Elizabeth Bishop, then answer the questions that follow.

Filling Station

Oh, but it is dirty!

How do both Bishop and Fitzgerald use the words, ‘anaemic, spiritless, dirty, and oil-soaked’ to describe inhabitants of the filling stations. How does this characterize the males? (S2: CO2; PO3)as hard-working entrepreneursas skilled workmen offering important servicesas filthy, dehumanized beingsas poor and lonely workers

How is poverty presented differently by Chapter 2 of Gatsby and this poem? (S2: CO1; PO3)A. Fitzgerald paints poverty as a temporary condition on the road to achieving the American Dream, whereas Bishop makes it sound more permanent.

B. Fitzgerald presents poverty as a more noble, simple, honest existence for Americans, whereas Bishop makes it seem detrimental and sad.C. Bishop offers the possibility of happiness and love within the context of poverty, whereas Fitzgerald keeps love and wealth inextricably bound.D. Bishop communicates that poverty is all-consuming and hopeless to fight against, whereas Fitzgerald believes in the viability of the American Dream.

What is the significance of the embroidered doily in Bishop’s poem?(S2: CO2; PO1)it symbolizes love and attentionit alludes to a higher powerit is a metaphor for artit highlights the poverty of the setting

Which line best contributes to the tone of disdain that the narrator has for the filling station? (S2: CO1; PO4)‘A set of crushed and grease-impregnated wickerwork’‘A dirty dog, quite comfy’‘Be careful with that match!’‘Some comic books provide the only note of color’

The line, ‘Somebody waters the plant, or oils it, maybe’ reveals what attitude of the narrator? (S2: CO1; PO1)one of approvalone of disdainone of humorone of hope

--this little filling station,oil-soaked, oil-permeatedto a disturbing, over-allblack translucency.Be careful with that match!

Father wears a dirty,oil-soaked monkey suitthat cuts him under the arms,and several quick and saucyand greasy sons assist him(it's a family filling station),all quite thoroughly dirty.

Do they live in the station?It has a cement porchbehind the pumps, and on ita set of crushed and grease-impregnated wickerwork;on the wicker sofaa dirty dog, quite comfy.

Some comic books providethe only note of color--of certain color. They lieupon a big dim doilydraping a taboret(part of the set), besidea big hirsute begonia.

Why the extraneous plant?Why the taboret?Why, oh why, the doily?(Embroidered in daisy stitchwith marguerites, I think,and heavy with gray crochet.)

Somebody embroidered the doily.Somebody waters the plant,or oils it, maybe. Somebodyarranges the rows of cansso that they softly say:ESSO--SO--SO--SO

to high-strung automobiles.Somebody loves us all.

Chapter 3 QuestionsChapter 3 QuestionsVocabulary of Note

innuendo

provincial

omnibus

impetuously

contemptuous

provocation

corpulent

ravages


1. At the beginning of the chapter, we are bombarded with objects that are symbolic of wealth in our society. List at least TEN of them. What does this tell you about Gatsby?

2. Gatsby’s parties are juxtaposed to Tom’s by Gatsby. How do they compare, and how do they differ?

3. What does Nick mean when he says he was ‘one of the few who were invited’?

4. On the bottom of page 47, a character named Lucielle reveals something about the type of person Gatsby is. What does she say, and what impression does this give you of the mysterious character we have yet to meet?

5. We hear four more rumors about Gatsby on page 48. What are they?

#1

#2

#3

#4

6. On page 50, we get a glimpse of Gatsby’s library. In what condition are his books, and what does this say about our mystery character? (HINT: another example of indirect characterization)

7. The main the library (Owl Eyes) is a quintessential caricature of the excess and decadence that Fitzgerald despises within society. In what state is Owl Eyes, and how long has he been so?

8. What impression of Gatsby does Nick get when the two first meet?

9. How present is Gatsby at his own party? Do you find this odd?

10. At the top of page 52, we first receive some information FROM Gatsby ABOUT Gatsby. What do we learn about his past?

11. What does Jordan reveal that Gatsby told her about his past?

12. How does Jordan feel about Gatsby’s profession/history?

13. What sort of glimpse regarding the reverence of marriage do you get from the departure scene?

14. What does Gatsby spend the majority of his party doing?

15. The final scene of the party ends with a drunken driving episode. Of what are these nameless characters symbolic?

16. Nick describes Jordan as ‘incurably dishonest’. Why does he believe this?

17. Is Nick still an impartial observer, refraining from passing judgment on others?

18. Nick admires his own ‘honesty’, and this is the reason he gives for not advancing his relationship with Jordan—his need to be ‘honest’ with a girl back home. Do you believe that Nick is ‘honest’?

Making ConnectionsMultiple Choice Practice

For each question below, select the best answer.

1. For which reason is Trimalchio not a fitting allusion to match the characterization of Jay Gatsby?(S2: CO1; PO2)A. because Trimalchio was a real person in history, and Gatsby is fictionalB. because Trimalchio partied like a fool, and Gatsby doesn’t partake in the festivitiesC. because Trimalchio only associated with the wealthy, and Gatsby welcomes everyoneD. because Trimalchio was a reserved character and Gatsby is very outgoing

2. The revelation of the ‘uncut books’ in Gatsby’s library characterizes him as a person who: (S2: CO1: PO1)A. believes that reading and education are important activities for a powerful personB. has set a large goal for himself by outfitting his library with books he intends to readC. wants to be perceived by visitors to his home as a well-read and educated manD. thinks that it is important to be a supporter of the literary arts community

3. How could you fairly characterize the imagery used by both Snoop Dog and Gatsby ? (S2: CO1; PO2) A. powerful, intimidating, and successful B. ostentatious, wealthy, and flashyC. narcissistic, calculating, and secretiveD. educated, ominous, and harsh

4. Which image on Snoop Dog’s CD cover is not a component of the persona being intentionally projected by Gatsby? (S2: CO1; PO3)A. expensive, vast castleB. designer clothing and accessoriesC. lethal pit bullsD. luxury automobile

5. How does Fitzgerald use imagery to communicate the pathological carelessness of Gatsby’s partygoers?

(S2: CO1; PO4)A. by providing an upbeat orchestra and high-energy dancing at the partiesB. by showing a parade of expensive foods and unlimited, flowing champagne in large glassesC. by describing the excessive laughing, singing, and conversations of the partiesD. by passed out guests, fighting couples, and drunk-driving accidents

6. Gatsby uses the term ‘Old Sport’ to refer to Nick. What effect do you think Gatsby hopes that this nickname has on Nick? (S1: CO1; PO4)A. that it makes Nick feel more mature than his yearsB. that it makes Nick feel attached to Gatsby personallyC. that it makes Nick feel included at the partyD. that it makes Nick feel athletic and agile

7. The smile Gatsby projects to Nick is described as, “One of those rare smiles with a quality of eternal reassurance in it, that you may come across four or five times in life. It faced – or seemed to face – the whole external world for an instant, and then concentrated on you with an irresistible prejudice in your favor. It understood you just so far as you wanted to be understood, believed in you as you would like to believe in yourself and assured you that it had precisely the impression of you that, at you best, you hoped to convey”. How would you best characterize Gatsby’s smile? (S2: PO1; PO1)A. as a warm, innocuous gesture that naturally puts others at easeB. as an unusually powerful tool used by Gatsby to win over its recipientC. as an ingratiating, smarmy gesture that makes people feel like they are being ‘sold’D. as a kind, benign expression that communicates a sense of calm

8. From a symbolic standpoint, what imagery could Owl Eyes and Dr. TJ Eckleburg share?(S2: CO1; PO2)A. both have eyes accentuated by glasses that hint at omniscienceB. both have a visual impairment that symbolize a lack of understandingC. both have advanced age and experience that show sage knowledgeD. both have a doctoral degree that indicates an ability to heal

9. Consider the tone communicated by the colors, images, and layout of the above book cover. How would you best characterize the tone of this story based on the book cover alone? (S2: CO1; PO4)A. peaceful and sereneB. happy and hopefulC. macabre and starlingD. haunting and sad

10. In speaking about pursuing Jordan Baker at the end of Chapter 3, Nick says, “There was a vague understanding that had to be tactfully broken off before I was free”. What do you infer that this reveals about Nick? (S1: CO4; PO2)A. He had to better explain his feelings to Jordan, as she has misinterpreted his intentions.B. He has not broken off his relationship with another woman to free him to commit to Jordan.C. He needed to spend time thinking critically about his feelings before things with Jordan go too far. D. He doesn’t know how he is going to break off his relationship with Jordan, but he intends to do so.


punctilious

somnambulatory

disconcerting

denizen

retribution


1. Nick keeps a list of the party guests on a train schedule dated July 5, 1922. Why did Fitzgerald include this section?

2. We are presented with another rumor about Gatsby. What is it?

3. During a car trip, Gatsby tells his life story to Nick. What does he reveal about his past?

4. Nick gets the sense that Gatsby is lying. What, specifically, gives him this feeling?

5. What city in the Midwest does Gatsby claim he is from? In what state does that city actually reside?

6. What two forms of evidence does Gatsby show Nick that disprove any suspicions that Nick had harbored about Gatsby’s integrity?

7. What does the incident between Gatsby and the police officer tell you about Gatsby’s social/political stance?

8. What can we infer about Meyer Wolfsheim based on his choice of friends? Business connections? Education?

9. What material are Mr. Wolfsheim’s cuff links made of? How does this characterize him?

10. What crime does Gatsby say Wolfsheim committed? What does this tell you about Wolfsheim? What is Nick’s reaction?

11. Gatsby’s unexpected departure from the restaurant upon meeting Tom is foreshadowing for what Nick is about to learn in the next section of the chapter. What startling news does Nick discover about Daisy and Gatsby?

12. On page 79, Fitzgerald begins an extensive flashback starting with Daisy and Tom’s wedding. What was Daisy’s state of mind the day before her nuptials? Why?

13. Describe the first months of the Buchanan marriage. How does this end?

14. Why does Gatsby want Nick to invite Daisy over to his home?

15. At the end of the chapter, provide the direct quote that indicates how Nick feels about Jordan:


Read the ESPN article below that explores Shoeless Joe Jackson’s involvement in throwing the 1919 World Series. Highlight as you read, then, answer the questions that follow.

Say it ain't so ... for Joe and the HallBy Rob Neyer Special to ESPN.com

In 1919, a significant number of Chicago White Sox agreed to lose the World Series, in exchange for large sums of money to be paid by gamblers. Among the conspirators were Eddie Cicotte and Lefty Williams, the club's top two starting pitchers. Cicotte lost both games that he wanted to lose (and won the game that he wanted to win), and collected $10,000 for his efforts. Williams lost all three games that he started, and was rewarded with $5,000 (nearly twice his salary).

Prior to the Series, Joe Jackson was promised $20,000 for his participation; he eventually was paid only $5,000 -- still a significant amount of money, nearly equivalent to his annual salary -- which he accepted and spent. Four other players -- Chick Gandil, Happy Felsch, Swede Risberg, and Fred McMullin -- also received $5,000 or more from gamblers. Third baseman Buck Weaver knew about the fix, but refused to take any money and by all accounts played his best throughout the World Series.

Just short of a year later, a grand jury in Chicago began to look into the rumors surrounding the 1919 World Series. And on September 28, Cicotte confessed his part in the conspiracy. Later that day, Jackson did the same. And that afternoon, White Sox owner Charles Comiskey suspended all seven remaining conspirators for the rest of the season

And of course, eventually Kenesaw Mountain Landis, baseball's new commissioner, permanently suspended all eight of the so-called "Black Sox" from organized baseball. However, none of them were officially ineligible for Baseball's Hall of Fame. It wasn't until 1991, in response to the Pete Rose "situation," that the Hall ruled that players on baseball's ineligible list would not be considered for election. And so finally, after 70 years, the Hall of Fame's doors were officially barred to Shoeless Joe Jackson.

Shoeless Joe Jackson, a lifetime .356 hitter, was banned from baseball 80 years ago for his role in the "Black Sox" scandal.

Ten years later, and 80 years after Jackson was initially banished from baseball, we're still talking about him, and politicians are still wasting their time with resolutions advocating Jackson's reinstatement. Joe Jackson's apologists -- with due respect, I won't call them "cultists" -- raise three points in his defense:

1. A jury acquitted the Black Sox of all charges in a court of law.

2. Yes, Jackson took the money. But he still played his best, and hit .375!

3. It all happened 80 years ago, and Shoeless Joe's been dead for nearly 50 years. Hasn't he suffered long enough?

Let's take those one at time ...

"A jury acquitted the Black Sox of all charges in a court of law."

The court verdict is absolutely irrelevant, and for four reasons:

1. Eddie Cicotte's, Lefty Williams' and Joe Jackson's written confessions were stolen from the District Attorney's office. These confessions mysteriously reappeared in 1924.

2. The jury did not acquit the Black Sox of throwing games. There was no law against such a thing, and the judge specifically instructed the jury that throwing ballgames was not, in itself, a criminal offense.

3. The jury's verdict has no bearing on the issue. In the estimation of Major League Baseball, all eight of the Black Sox either conspired to throw the World Series, or at least had knowledge of the conspiracy. Nearly all evidence that's come to light since then supports that notion.

4. Jackson testified under oath that he'd agreed to throw the Series:

Q: How much did [Chick Gandil] promise you?

A: Twenty thousand dollars if I would take part.

Q: And you said you would?

A: Yes sir.

Jackson signed a confession, and also told various writers of his involvement. There simply isn't any real doubt that he both knew about the fix and accepted a great deal of money from the fixers.

"Yes, he took the money. But he still played his best, and hit .375!"

Or as Kevin Costner says in "Field of Dreams," "Now, he did take their money, but nobody could ever prove he did a single thing to lose those games. I mean, if he's supposed to be throwing it, how do you explain the fact that he hit .375 for the Series and didn't commit one error?"

There is one, and only one, sympathetic figure in this whole sordid affair. Third baseman Buck Weaver knew about the conspirators' plans and failed to report them, but he wanted nothing to do with them. In the five games the White Sox threw, Weaver batted .333, and he's the only one of the eight Black Sox who never took a dime.

Let us assume for a moment that Jackson really did try his best. Even if that were true, he would still be culpable in two respects. One, he had guilty knowledge. And two, when he agreed to throw the Series, he almost certainly emboldened his teammates to do the same. After all, if you're going to plan such a crime, who do you need? The starting pitchers, and the best players. And Joe Jackson was the best player on the team. Without Jackson's participation, the fix might never have come off at all.

But the evidence suggests that Jackson did not try his best. The White Sox and Reds played eight games in the 1919 World Series. The evidence suggests that the conspirators tried to win three games, and they tried to lose five. Jackson hit .545 in the three games he wanted to win.

In the first four games the conspirators wanted to lose, Jackson hit .250 with zero RBI. In the fifth fixed game, Jackson was hitless until the Reds were ahead 5-0, at which point he hit a solo home run. Later, with the Sox trailing the Reds 10-1, Jackson hit a meaningless two-run double.

In the field, Jackson's play was questionable, too. Triples are rarely hit to left field ... yet in the 1919 World Series, three of Cincinnati's nine triples were hit to left field, where Jackson was stationed. And there were other things, too. White Sox pitcher Dickie Kerr, who won twice in the Series, later commented, "Our outfielders fielded base hits slow, allowing the Reds to take extra bases. And, there were times when the fielders played the Reds just opposite of what they were supposed to do. In that way they left gaps for the ball to fall safely."

"It all happened 80 years ago, and Shoeless Joe's been dead for nearly 50 years. Hasn't he suffered long enough?"

Forgiveness is a wonderful thing, and perhaps we should forgive Jackson. But forgiving a man and putting him in the Hall of Fame are completely different things. And who loses? Anyone who respects the integrity of the game. The Hall of Fame is the highest distinction baseball can offer. One might even argue that it's the highest honor in all of sports. Does it make sense to confer this highest honor upon a man who committed a terrible crime against the very essence of sport?

Joe Jackson agreed to throw the World Series, and he received $5,000 for doing so. The evidence that he actually did throw the Series is slightly less than conclusive, but in a way that's irrelevant. He certainly knew what was going on, and he probably helped. And that's all we need to know. Shoeless Joe's not a god, nor even a ghost. He was a man who happened to play baseball exceptionally well. Frankly, he doesn't deserve all this adulation, and if he were still with us he probably wouldn't understand it. As David Fleitz writes in his fine book, "Shoeless: The Life and Times of Joe Jackson":

Joseph Jackson died in 1951 but lives on as Shoeless Joe, more a myth than a man, a ghostly figure walking out of a cornfield wanting nothing more than to play the game he loved. The real Joe Jackson, the South Carolina mill hand and small-town businessman, would smile and shake his head at the legend that surrounds Shoeless Joe today. Strangers leaving flowers at his grave, paying tens of thousands of dollars for his autograph, writing emotional letters to the commissioner of baseball. For what, really? Joe Jackson played baseball, that's all. Played the game, made some money, got into a little scrape up north, and came back home to South Carolina. That's all.

Hey, I'm as sentimental as the next guy. I cry when I watch "The Natural," and I think Iowa really is something like heaven. But Joe Jackson and his cohorts committed a truly evil crime, compromising the integrity of their profession and violating the trust of their fans. Should the day come when Shoeless Joe is inducted into the Hall of Fame, it will be a sad day indeed.

1. What is the central argument that Rob Neyer makes in the above article . . . and how does he support it?(S3: CO3; PO1)A. Shoeless Joe should be considered for the Hall of Fame based on sentimental emotion.B. Shoeless Joe should be considered for the Hall of Fame based on his playing statistics.C. Shoeless Joe should not be considered for the Hall of Fame based on a three point logical analysis.D. Shoeless Joe should not be considered for the Hall of Fame based on his legal conviction.

2. What reasonable inference could be made about how Rob Neyer would feel about Pete Rose (a 1990s baseball player turned manager who, like Shoeless Joe, landed on the ‘ineligible list’ for admittedly gambling for and against the very team he managed) being considered for the Hall of Fame? (S3: CO1; PO7)A. Because he wasn’t an actual player at the time who could have actively ‘thrown’ a game, Neyer would disagree

with his ban.B. Because a manager makes playing decisions that could directly impact game outcomes, Neyer would agree

with his ban.C. Because he violated the reputation of the Great American Pastime and the trust of its fans, Neyer would agree

with the ban. D. Because it happened nearly 70 years after the Chicago Black Sox scandal, Neyer wouldn’t weigh in

on Rose’s ban.

3. According to Neyer’s reflection on the assertion that Shoeless Joe Jackson ‘played his best’, what evidence exists that refutes this argument? (S3: CO1; PO3)A. that Jackson hit a .375 batting average for the entire series, an exemplary performance at the plateB. that Jackson did not commit a single fielding error for the entire series – a must for ‘throwing’ a gameC. that Jackson was only paid $5,000 of the $20,000 promised to him for ‘throwing’ the seriesD. that Jackson hit .545 for the series games he wanted to win and only .250 for those he wanted to lose

4. Compare the circumstances of the 1919 World Series with the cartoon on the right. What conclusion can you draw about how the lives of professional athletes were in 1919 versus today? (S3: CO2; PO2)A. Athletes in Jackson’s time were more meagerly paid, but more admired

for their respectability and honor.B. Athletes today are paid better and are more revered for their morality

than athletes in the past.C. Athletes in Jackson’s time were better paid but less respected for their

ethical behavior.D. Athletes today are paid less but are more honored as role models for our

children and society.

5. Based on its usage in the article above, what can you assume ‘cultist’ means? (S1: CO4; PO2) A. a philosophy surrounding a strong belief systemB. an organized church based on a fringe religious beliefC. a person who is a devout follower of a particular dogmaD. a doctor who specializes in working to retrieve people from cults

Gatsby’s state of mind:


harrowed

vestige

defunct

postern

distraught

demoniac


1. What does Gatsby propose that offends Nick? Who do you believe he responds this way?

2. Describe Gatsby’s mannerisms/state of mind awaiting Daisy’s arrival.

How You Know #1: How You Know #3:How You Know #2:

3. At this point, who do you believe that Gatsby throws parties he himself doesn’t seem interested in attending. Why he has a swimming pool he hasn’t used all year? Why he has devoted his life to the acquisition of material things he seems to care less for?

4. Exactly how long has it been since Gatsby and Daisy have seen each other?

5. How does the meeting with Daisy affect Gatsby? Discuss the three emotional states Gatsby moves through upon meeting Daisy again.

states: what occurs here:

6. On page 95, Gatsby reveals how long it took him to earn the money to buy his house. How does Nick then catch Gatsby in a lie?

7. On page 99, Gatsby shows off a collection of clippings about what?

8. Why do you think Daisy cries when she sees all of Gatsby’s beautiful shirts?

9. What hope do we now specifically realize that the green light represents?

10. Why is Klipspringer unable to refuse Gatsby’s request that he play the piano?

11. Why is the song “Ain’t We Got Fun?” both appropriate and ironic?

12. This chapter is often seen as the beginning of Gatsby’s downfall. Offer suggestions as to how this might be true.

13. What do you predict happens when Nick leaves Gatsby and Daisy?

14. How is the expression, “Money can’t buy happiness,” significant to this novel?

Chapter 6 QuestionsChapter 6 Questions

Vocabulary of Note

laudable

turgid

septic

euphemisms

meretricious

antecedents

dilatory

ineffable

ingratiate


1. Why does Gatsby have a visitor at the beginning of the chapter?

2. This chapter completes the narrative of Gatsby’s life. Why is Fitzgerald’s use of flashback more effective than chronological order would have been?

3. For three solid pages, we get the “scoop” about Jay Gatz through a flashback within a flashback. List what we learn:

4. Who unexpectedly drops in at Gatsby’s one Sunday? What do you imagine is the reason for the visit?

5. Can you infer why Gatsby attempts to prolong Tom’s visit at his home?

6. On page 112, is Daisy really concerned about a ‘fire, flood, or act of God’ when she asks Nick to ‘keep watch’? What is she worried about?

7. Compare the behaviors of Tom and Gatsby.

8. Why do you believe that ‘honest, non-judgmental’ Nick is assisting Gatsby and Daisy in their affair?

9. Nick notes that the illusion of one’s world breaks down when outsiders enter it. Explain.

10. The illusion is falling apart. Gatsby knows Daisy did not have a good time. What advice does Nick offer?

11. How does Gatsby react to this advice? What does he believe about one’s ability to relive the past?

12. What details does Gatsby seem to be forgetting in his endeavors to relive the past?

13. What does Gatsby want Daisy to tell Tom?


Read the article below about the ‘Four Horsemen of Relationships’ from the work of John Gottman and Malcolm Gladwell. Highlight the article as you read it. When you are finished, please complete the table that follows and answer the summary questions.

The Four Horsemen of Relationships

In a landmark study mentioned in the Malcolm Gladwell book, BLINK, a psychologist, John Gottman studied hundreds of couples and analyzed (aka: thin-sliced)1one hour each of a random conversation between the two. The study’s findings were startling: by studying that thin-slice of conversation you can predict with a 95% accuracy who was going to divorce or not. Gottman did this by extricating patterns of behavior–verbal and non-verbal cues, facial expression, heart rates, and fidget counts (how often and to what extent one or both of the couples fidget in their chair). He found out that what happens in just that hour of conversation is sacramental of where the whole relationship is and is predictive of where the relationship is going.

He looked at verbal and nonverbal cues, behaviors, ticks, and he found out that there are four main predictors of couple separation. These are the tell-tale signs that the couple will not last–the Four Horsemen of Relationships: defensiveness, stonewalling, criticism, and contempt

DefensivenessDefensiveness is the (usually) unconscious effort to protect yourself from anxiety, either by diversionary tactics, intimidation or by distortions of reality. People usually become defensive because they don’t want to experience uncomfortable feeling. The defense is their way of blocking the feeling they don’t want to experience. So they divert attention to other, less uncomfortable issues, they engage in a shouting match, or they dismiss the issue altogether, acting as if it doesn’t exist.

“Remaining non-defensive is the single most important thing you can do to increase your effectiveness when working to turn conflict into collaboration.” [2]

CriticismThis is better explained by differentiating criticism from complaint.

A complaint is specific. A criticism on the other hand is a generalization–attacking the partner’s personality/character/attitude and not the particular event that spurred the argument or fight. If you’re complaining you would say: “You forgot to buy groceries! I’m really mad right now because you didn’t

http://angperegrino.com/4-horsemen-of-relationships/#4-horsemen-of-relationships-n-2

http://angperegrino.com/4-horsemen-of-relationships/

do what you said you would.” A criticism is different. You criticize by saying, “You always forget! You can’t be counted on! I will never ask you to do anything for me again!” While a complaint is an attack on the event that happened, criticism is an attack on the person.

StonewallingStonewalling is the blunt refusal to cooperate in making the relationship work. In relationships where intense arguments break out, and where incessant criticism and contempt lead to defensiveness, eventually one partner just tunes out of the relationship. This is what stonewalling is all about. When they say that hate is not the opposite of love, apathy is, they probably meant that one person is stonewalling the other.

Here’s the typical cycle: (1) Women criticize men, (2) Men become defensive and emotionally withdraw from criticism or conflict (research indicates that 85% of stonewallers in marriages are husbands). [3] The stonewaller acts as if he couldn’t care less about what the partner is saying or doing. He (sometimes she) turns away from conflict and from the relationship. Any form of disengagement can be stonewalling. Other behaviors include:

Refusal to negotiate a conflict in good faith Refusal to discuss honestly one’s motivations Refusal to listen to another point of view with openness Refusal to compromise Refusal to collaborate Refusal to support the other person’s plans

ContemptThe most critical sign is contempt.

Contempt is really a set of behaviors that communicate disgust: sneering, sarcasm, namecalling, eye rolling, mockery, hostile humor and condescension. It is primarily transmitted through non-verbal behaviors and as such is not easily addressed. It is a particular stance that has to do with how one partner looks at another. It is the most difficult to resolve because it has to do with respect — when one person has lost respect of the other, that is usually the beginning of the end of the relationship.

It does not move toward reconciliation and inevitably increases the conflict. It is always disrespectful. Research shows couples that display contempt for each other suffer more illnesses and diseases than respectful couples.

ConclusionCheck your relationship and see whether these four telltale signs are present. If these are present, it doesn’t mean you are going to separate (Gottman’s research indicates that 5% of the couples were still able to save their relationships somehow), but it surely means you have a lot of things to talk about with your partner if you are to have a chance at saving the relationship.

sign definition of sign present in Buchanan marriage?

If yes, how so?

defensiveness

yes no

criticism yes no

http://angperegrino.com/4-horsemen-of-relationships/#4-horsemen-of-relationships-n-3

stonewalling

yes no

contempt yes no

1. Considering the above article and chart, what is your overall assessment of the state of the Buchanan marriage? (S3:CO1; PO5)A. destroyedB. seriously damagedC. somewhat hurtD. completely fine

2. According to the article, which of the ‘Four Horsemen’ is the most lethal for a relationship? (S3: CO1; PO3)A. stonewallingB. criticismC. contemptD. defensiveness

3. Which organizational pattern was used by the author of this article? (S3: CO1; PO6)A. chronologicalB. topicalC. narrativeD. problem-solution

4. Which statement is a logical inference about relationships that can be made from the article? (S3: CO1; PO7)A. Relationships are mysterious and difficult to assess.B. It is challenging to determine the health of a relationship as an outside observer.C. All relationships in which participants communicate contempt are doomed to fail.D. Knowing relationship ‘warning signs’ can help couples create healthier partnerships.

5. Based on both the information provided in the novel about the Daisy and Tom Buchanan and the article above, what is the most damaging element of the Buchanan marriage? (S3: CO2; PO2)A. Daisy calling her husband names, like ‘hulking’ and ‘brute’ and publicly making fun of his ‘race theories’B. Tom having various adulterous affairsC. Tom breaking Daisy’s little finger on accidentD. Daisy refusing to speak with Tom about her feelings and pretending to the world that all is fine

6. Which would serve as the best title for the above article? (S3: CO1; PO1)A. Thin Slicing in Relationship AnalysisB. Relationship KillersC. How to Save a Dying RelationshipD. The Psychology of Romance

7. Gottman’s use of the term ‘Four Horsemen’ to describe the most damaging relationship behaviors is an allusion to the Book Revelation in the Bible. In Revelation, the ‘Four Horsemen’ are the first signs of the apocalypse, unleashing conquest, war, famine, and death on the earth. Why did the author of this article, then, choose this as the title? (Strand 2: CO 1; PO2)A. To illustrate how horribly destructive these four actions are to a relationshipB. To show the strong link between healthy relationships and practicing ChristianityC. To intimate that there is no way to remedy these relationship destroyers

D. To highlight that all four behaviors are interconnected


indiscreet

explicable

expostulation

boisterously

portentous

contingency

vicariously

inviolate

presumptuous


1. Trimalchio is a character from Roman literature who was known for his lower class and participation in vulgar activities. Do you think this is a fair characterization of Gatsby?

2. Referring to Trimalchio within the context of the book is an example of what literary technique?

3. Gatsby’s lifestyle has changed significantly since Daisy reentered his life. Why has he fired all of his servants?

4. Describe the weather and its relevance to the mood and the plot.

5. How does the beginning of Chapter Seven compare to our first encounter with Daisy and Jordan on page 12 in Chapter One? What does this tell us about the current state of affairs in the Buchanan household?

6. Why do you think Gatsby reacts to Pammy the way that he does?

7. We again see Daisy in the capacity of a ‘mother’. What sort of a mother is she in this short segment?

8. The Buchanan’s unlimited wealth has left their lives empty and boring. Because of this, what does Gatsby represent for Daisy?

9. Why is Tom ‘astounded’ on page 125?

10. What happens when Nick, Daisy, Jordan, Tom, and Gatsby are organizing people into two cars to travel to and from town?

to NYC from NYC

driver: driver: driver: driver:

passengers: passengers: passengers: passengers:

11. Who is still watching over the Valley of Ashes? Of what is this symbolic?

12. Why does Mr. Wilson say that he wants to get away? What does that mean?

13. Why is Mr. Wilson ill? Who does he suspect is messing around with his wife? Why?

14. What is the situational similarity Nick recognizes between Tom and George Wilson? What is the fundamental difference in each man’s reaction?

15. Compare and contrast Tom and George in their knowledge that their wives are having affairs.

16. What does Myrtle observe, and to what conclusions does she jump?

17. What is the mood once everyone is in the hotel room by Central Park-and what imagery directly contributes to this mood?

18. What does Gatsby reveal about his experience at Oxford?

19. What does ‘the transition from libertine to prig was complete’ mean about Tom?

20. When the argument between Gatsby and Tom gets very heated, and Gatsby threatens to, ‘Let me tell you something’, why does Daisy try to stop this?

21. Tom expresses his feelings for Daisy at the bottom of page 138. What are they?

22. Daisy follows Gatsby’s lead and tells Tom that she never loved him. What is Tom’s response to this?

23. What words seemed to “bite physically” into Gatsby?

24. Why is it hypocritical for Tom to shun Gatsby for ‘being a bootlegger’?

25. Why do you believe Daisy lost her courage to stand up to Tom?

26. Why does Tom suggest that Gatsby drive Daisy home?

27. Why is Nick’s 30th birthday announced at this point in the book?

28. What does Michaelis discover that George Wilson has done to Myrtle? Why did he do it?

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://content.artofmanliness.com/uploads/2008/07/snakebite2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://artofmanliness.com/2008/07/15/complete-guide-to-snakes-part-2/&h=375&w=500&sz=129&tbnid=95gt7uHGzFL24M:&tbnh=90&tbnw=120&prev=/search?q=biting+snake&tbm=isch&tbo=u&zoom=1&q=biting+snake&docid=E-wKEC3FyL39hM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=PHFdTpaaOsiusQKJufEW&ved=0CCkQ9QEwAg&dur=700%00%E5%A1%B9%EF%92%81%E1%B4%BB%E4%A1%BF%E2%B2%AF%E5%B6%82%E8%97%84%E6%8C%A7%00%00%EA%AE%A5

29. Why does Myrtle run from the garage? What happens to her as she flees?

30. Why did George Wilson first think that Tom had hit Myrtle?

31. How does Tom feel about Gatsby after the accident?

32. What is Jordan concerned with just minutes after seeing the fatal accident? What does this say about her?

33. Nick’s comment, “So we drove on toward death through the cooling twilight,” is an example of what literary technique?

34. Why does Gatsby admit to driving the ‘death car’? Where does he store the evidence?

35. Why is Gatsby waiting outside of the Buchanan’s home?

36. What seems to be the state of the Buchanan’s marriage after the accident, when Nick glimpses into their kitchen?

37. Why is it ironic that Gatsby is keeping watch over Daisy’s bedroom?

38. How does Nick change as a result of Myrtle’s death?


Read the article below and answer the questions that follow.

Differences between Murder and Manslaughter

Murder vs. ManslaughterUnfortunately, when you are looking for the differences between murder and manslaughter, someone has still been killed. It may be a brutal homicide that took a deranged killer years to plan, or it might be someone talking on their cell phone, missing a stop sign, and running over a pedestrian. While one event is a heinous crime and the other a terrible accident, someone is still dead. The distinctions between murder and manslaughter are therefore of much more interest to the courts and the killer, rather than the victim.

Definition of Murder and ManslaughterMurder is defined as using violent means to deprive another human being of life with malicious intent. Manslaughter refers to taking the life of another human being without malice. The most important distinction between murder and manslaughter is the intention of the killer. Murder is the successful attempt to kill someone, whereas manslaughter is the outcome of an unintentional action.

Degrees of Murder and ManslaughterMurder has three different degrees in the US. All three degrees still indicate that the killer had the intention of harming or killing his victim in mind before committing the action. 1st degree murder refers to any murder that was premeditated. 2nd degree murder refers to a homicide that took place at the same time as another felony (e.g. killing a bank teller during a robbery). 3rd degree murder refers to death that takes place when the original intent was simply to harm the victim. Manslaughter has two different categories depending on whether or not the homicidal actions were planned before they took place. Voluntary manslaughter is most commonly awarded when the convicted can prove temporary insanity. It is also used if a person has been provoked to commit actions they wouldn’t normally engage in. Involuntary manslaughter is the charge levied when someone accidentally kills someone else while committing a misdemeanor and had no intention of killing anyone. Throwing a brick through a window and killing someone from the blow is an example. It can also happen if a professional charged with keeping a patient alive is negligent in his/her duty and the patient dies as a

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result. Hitting someone with your car while texting could be characterized as involuntary manslaughter.

1. Based on the legal information provided above, what logical inference could be made about establishing an appropriate charge against Myrtle’s killer? (S3: CO2; PO1)A. whether the driver was over the .80 BAL limit when the accident occurredB. whether the driver intentionally or accidentally hit MyrtleC. whether the witnesses saw Myrtle run into the road or notD. whether Myrtle violated any pedestrian rules when she entered the roadway

2. A woman pushes her boyfriend down the stairs with the sole intent of breaking his leg. Instead, he lands on his head and dies instantly. Based on the above information, what charge would be the most appropriate for the district attorney to consider? (S3: CO1; P7)A. second degree murderB. involuntary manslaughterC. third degree murderD. voluntary manslaughter

3. Which set of adjectives best describes involuntary manslaughter? (S3: CO1; PO1)A. purposeful, heinous, cruelB. innocent, mistaken, benign C. malicious, planned, intentionalD. tragic, accidental, sad

4. As used in the third section of the article, what does ‘premeditated’ mean? S1: CO4; PO2)A. covered up after the crimeB. planned in advance of the crimeC. thought about during the crimeD. dreamed about before the crime

5. Review the map to the right and determine which statement best represents the data provided by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (S3: CO1; PO5) A. Drunk driving is only an issue in accidents that occur in the West.B. Drunk driving contributes to a minimum of a third of all US car fatalities.C. Drunk driving deaths are on the decline across the US.D. Drunk driving is responsible for over half of the traffic deaths in some states.

6. Again, based on the chart to the right, predict what things might be true about the states with the highest alcohol fatality statistics? (S3: CO1; PO7)A. They have the largest populations , which skews their data.B. They have more money invested in DWI prevention marketing.C. They have more law enforcement who have increased arrest capacity.D. They have lower charges and cheaper fines for DWI convictions.


grail

garrulous

stratum

pneumatic

corroborate

fortuitously

interminable

holocaust


1. Why won’t Gatsby leave town, as Nick suggested?

2. Why does Fitzgerald include Gatsby’s flashback about Daisy?

3. To what “grail” does Gatsby refer?

4. Has Gatsby given up his metaphorical green light when Nick leaves to catch his train? How do you know?

5. What is the symbolic significance of autumn at the novel’s end? Why is there a “sharp difference” in the weather?

6. What does Nick mean when he says to Gatsby, “You’re worth the whole damn bunch put together”? Is Nick being hypocritical?

7. Is the above a statement of a character who doesn’t judge others?

8. What does Nick realize about Jordan?

9. Do you believe that Nick ‘disapproved’ of Gatsby the whole time?

10. What kind of shape is Mr. Wilson in? Rocking back and forth…muttering to himself…still trying to discover who his wife had been involved with…

11. Who does George think Dr. T.J. Eckleberg is?

12. What ‘way’ did George Wilson have of discovering who had been driving the car that killed Myrtle?

13. What does, ‘What a grotesque thing a rose is’ mean? How would this work as a metaphor for Daisy Buchanan?

14. Who do you think that the “ashen, fantastic figure in the amorphous trees” is?

15. What two people were killed at the end of this chapter? How was each killed?


pasquinade

transitory

adventitious

aesthetic

deranged

solidarity


1. The details of Gatsby’s funeral are left to Nick. Why?

2. How does Daisy take the news of Gatsby’s death?

3. How does Meyer Wolfsheim respond to Nick’s wire?

4. What does the phone call from Slagle imply about the reality of Gatsby’s business?

5. Fitzgerald juxtaposes two views of Gatsby? What are they?

6. Like Benjamin Franklin and Horatio Alger, Gatsby kept lists of his resolves. What do they represent?

7. Why won’t the ‘boarder’ be at Gatsby’s funeral?

8. What does Jay Gatz’s ‘schedule’ tell you about him as a young boy? (Think in terms of the American Dream.)

9. Why does Nick tell Mr. Gatz he was a close friend of Gatsby’s?

10. How many people showed up at Gatsby’s funeral? How does this compare with the number of people who enjoyed his hospitality at his various parties?

11. Why do you think Fitzgerald included the man with the owl-eyed glasses at the funeral?

12. Why do you believe Nick needed to see Jordan one last time? Of what does Jordan accuse Nick when they talk?

13. What does Tom reveal in this final chapter about the last day of Gatsby’s life?

14. How is The Great Gatsby a story of the West if it happened in the East?

15. Why does Nick shake hands with Tom, although he feels that, “They were careless people, Tom and Daisy—they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money, or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together and let other people clean up the mess that they had made…?”

16. Why do you think that Fitzgerald ends the book with a reflection on the first exploration and colonization of America?

17. What is your interpretation of the last line of the book:

“So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past”.

Gatsby Projects!Gatsby Projects!Select ONE of the following assignments that seems most interesting to you. You must sign up with the teacher, as there is a limit on how many students can sign up for each topic. Whatever topic you choose, it must STAY AS TRUE TO THE NOVEL as possible. Good luck!

Don’t like how the book ends? Rewrite Chapter 9! This should be written in the same style as the book. The writing voice, word choice, and pacing should mirror Fitzgerald’s completely. Be creative!

You landed the dream job of directing a new film adaptation of Gatsby that will be released next year. On poster board, create an artistic, professional advertisement for the film. Use paint, charcoal, markers, or collage techniques – be unique! Remember, a film poster uses both writing and art to entice viewers. You will need to select actors you believe would be a perfect fit for the roles we’ve dissected (and provide a full cast list). Finally, you will be expected to write a one page paper that explains the elements and layout of your poster and the rationale behind it.

Utilizing your AV savvy, create a multi-media trailer for the book that could be shown to future students to ‘grab’ their attention. Incorporate effective visuals, music, and text. Be creative . . . and remember not to include spoilers that would wreck the reading experience.

Write a 3-5 page MLA or APA documented research paper on a real-life aspect of this book. Some possibilities include (but are not limited to):

*F. Scott Fitzgerald*Prohibition

*1919 World Series*US involvement in World War I

*Alice Paul and women’s suffrage*Fashion in the 1920s

*Margaret Sanger*Organized crime in the 1920s

*Jazz in the 1920s*African Americans in the 1920s

Create a scrapbook of love poems (digital or hard copy) that Daisy or Gatsby would have collected that reflect their beliefs about love. These poems can shift in tone as the plot progresses. Present these poems accompanied by thoughtful art work. For each poem, you must write a complete paragraph that explains what the poem is conveying and why you felt it appropriate for this collection.

Download FIVE different literary criticisms published about Gatsby. For each criticism, write a ½ page summary and a ½ page personal response.

The American Dream is a major Gatsby theme. Create a Power Point presentation that explores the idea of this Dream. What is it? What examples can we still see in our society? What endangers it? Is access to it equal? This presentation should include effective graphics to enhance the presentation. Minimum slide requirement = 20.

Dress up like one of the characters in the novel and give a 2-3 minute presentation about your experience. You may take creative liberties with incidents before and after the book, but you must LOOK, TALK, and ACT as the character would. Be prepared to take questions from the audience and teacher . . . and stick to the text.

Rent and watch one of the following films. As you watch, compile a character list (with descriptions) and list of main events. After you’re done, write a 2-3 page paper that compares and contrasts Gatsby to your film. Your options are:

*Sir Lawrence Olivier’s Wuthering Heights*Robert Redford’s The Way We Were*Elia Kazan’s Splendor in the Grass

*John Irving’s Cider House Rules*Kate Winslet’s Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind

*Kevin Kline’s Life as a House*Edward Zwick’s Legends of the Fall

*Sean Penn’s 21 Grams*Martin Scorsese’s The Age of Innocence

Gatsby is full of symbolism. Write a 3-5 page paper that discusses the major symbols employed by Fitzgerald. Use specific examples from the novel throughout your paper. Be sure to explain the effect that this literary technique has on the overall work.

Research the social, economic, and political status of WOMEN or AFRICAN AMERICANS before, during, and after the Jazz Age. Create a comprehensive timeline on poster board with supplemental visual aids that highlight the most essential information.

Watch the Coppola version of Gatsby. Then, if you can stomach it, screen the A&E version. Write a 3-5 page critique of the A&E version. The critique you write should cite specific examples of textual accuracy, acting performances, directorial decisions, and overall product. Research cinematic techniques to enhance your discussion and compare/contrast it with the Coppola film.

Design a Facebook page for five characters from the book. This can be done digitally or in hard copy. You may assume that all of the characters have friended each other, and design a two page discussion board between them that mirrors the events of the book.

Write a final exam for the novel. Consider different learning styles and how various question types can best capture student understanding. Make certain that your test items cover the book from beginning to end! You must also design an answer key that includes explanations about how you will grade the more subjective sections (like short answers and essays).

The Texas Tommy (swing), Charleston, and Breakaway were all popular dances in the 1920s. Research each dance and learn how to do it . . . then be prepared to explain, demonstrate, and teach each one to the class.

Jazz and blues were two major genres of music that broke out in the 1920s. Research the history of one of these types of music, paying close attention to key musicians and important songs. Then, create a timeline and Power Point presentation that helps you present your findings to the class. Be sure to have music files ready to play! Remember, copies of lyrics might also be helpful to your audience.

Lawrence Kohlberg was a famous psychologist who outlined specific stages of moral development in humans (there are six total). Write a paragraph summary for each stage of moral development. Then, in the delivery of your choice (Power Point, web page, speect, paper) assess the moral development of three characters from the book. Be sure to use evidence from the novel to back up your conclusions.

Good luck and have fun! I look forward to seeing your projects.

Gatsby Final Project Rubrics

Obviously, all of the projects are very different. There are, however, general elements in every project that will be assessed for your grade. Please review the rubric below to see how you will be graded and plan accordingly. Remember that, regardless of the project you select, it should demonstrate your knowledge of the novel.

Project stays true to Fitzgerald’s original work ____/20

Time spent on project outside of class ____/10

Class time spent wisely ____/10

Polished, professional presentation ____/10

Creativity ____/10

Knowledgeable about the text ____/20

Planning and revision/editing/reworking is evident ____/20

Peer rating ____/10

Project Total: ______________

Project Grade: ______________

Comments:

Name: ______________________

The Great GatsbyThe Great GatsbyPost-Novel

Extension Questions

1.Consider the biographical information about F. Scott Fitzgerald discussed at the beginning of our novel. Briefly compare and contrast his own REAL LIFE with the life of Jay Gatsby:

2. There is a fine line between fiction and non-fiction! Note that all of the book’s female characters are foolish, weak, manipulative, or disappointing. They scheme, lie, cheat, and fail to deliver an all counts. What experiences in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s life, up to the publication date of 1925, could have contributed to this misogynistic characterization of women?

3. List TEN THEMES from the novel. Remember, themes are messages that the writer is attempting to convey through story about life, the world, or ourselves. A theme should be a statement or complete sentence . . . never just a single word.

Example: Anticipation is always greater than the actual event.

Theme #1:

Theme #2:

Theme #3:

Theme #4:

Theme #5:

Theme #6:

Theme #7:

Theme #8:

Theme #9:

Theme #10:

4. Do you think that the novel ends with a hopeful tone or one of despair? Why or why not? Give EVIDENCE from the last few chapters of the book to support your opinion.

5.Consider the hedonistic, party-like atmosphere of Gatsby’s time. Then, reflect on the legacy of the US ‘s involvement in WWI. How might the expereince of WWI have triggered such a ‘live for the moment’ national psyche?

6.Insert Ophelia joined the group ‘Maidens Who Can’t Float’ analysis here!

7. For the following statements below, indicate whether FITZGERALD was trying to prove or disprove it through Gatsby.

Love conquers all. true falseMoney can buy happiness. true falseAll Americans have equal access to the American Dream. true falsePeople who graduate from college are more intelligent than people who don’t. true falsePeople from big cities are more sophisticated than people from rural areas. true falseWhat you have is more important than how you get it. true falseThe needs of a child should come before the wants of a parent. true falseLong-term goals are more important than having short-term fun. true falseThe people you spend time around mold who you are and what you value. true falseWe all have the power to ‘re-do’ the past and invent our own futures. true false

Critical Essay of The Great Gatsby

In Praise of Comfort: Displaced Spirituality in The Great Gatsby

In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald proudly tackles the theme of spirituality. His attack is subtle, making his message heard most forcefully by what is missing, rather than what is there. The world of The Great Gatsby is one of excess, folly, and pleasure, a world where people are so busy living for the moment that they have lost touch with any sort of morality, and end up breaking laws, cheating, and even killing. As debauched as this may sound, however, they have not abandoned spirituality altogether. Rather, Fitzgerald's post-war partiers have substituted materialism and instant creature comforts for philosophic principles, thus suggesting a lack of order and structure in the worlds of East Egg, West Egg, and beyond.

Several elements suggest an imbalance in the moral makeup of the characters found in The Great Gatsby. In Nick's opening statements, he is attempting to set himself up as an honorable and trustworthy man. His reason for doing so, however, isn't made entirely clear until readers are introduced to the people with whom he interacts. Barely halfway through the first chapter, Fitzgerald reveals that Tom Buchannan is not only having an affair, but he is shamelessly bold in his refusal to cover it up; his wife knows and although she is a bit irritated, she has come to accept Tom's ways. In addition, those in East Egg discuss things of such great importance as what to do on the longest day and why living in the East is ideal, showing that the supposedly social elite are perhaps a bit out of touch with reality. They clearly treat people as objects, and are unconcerned with whether their actions impede on anyone else's.

After the Buchannan's dinner party, The Great Gatsby is again and again filled with excess. In fact, every one of the seven deadly sins (pride, envy, wrath, sloth, avarice, gluttony, and lust) is well represented. None of the characters, including Nick, are free from the deadly devices, which, at least in times past, have traditionally marked the downfall of a community. It is interesting to note that although the seven deadly sins are depicted time and time again by the people in The Great Gatsby, the theological counterpart to the seven deadly sins, the seven cardinal virtues (faith, hope, love, prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance) are nearly invisible. Gatsby, of course, has more hope than all the others put together, but in the end, that one thing, no matter how strong, can't save him.

Although countless acts of questionable integrity can be found within the pages of The Great Gatsby, the final and most blatant acts of immorality, of course, come near the book's end. Daisy shows her true self when she runs down Myrtle without even stopping. Gatsby becomes the target for another man's murderous rage when he is gunned down by Wilson (assisted, through association, by Tom). And finally, the last great act of disregard for one's fellow human comes in perhaps the most surprising and disturbing form of all: the lack of mourners at Gatsby's funeral. Despite how people had clamored to be associated with him in life, in death he became useless to them, and so their interests took them elsewhere (with, of course, the sole exception of Nick).

Fitzgerald uses the acts and actions of his characters to convey a sense of growing moral decrepitude, but he compounds his message through other means as well. First, there is the giant billboard, the eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg, which, as George Wilson reveals, represent the eyes of God, which can be interpreted in two ways. On one hand, he could be suggesting that a watchful presence overlooks society all the time, and will hold the world accountable for its actions. Given this interpretation, Fitzgerald seems to be urging readers to remember that they themselves are being watched, so they had better prepare to account for their actions. On the other hand, George's statement may be taken as a testament to his skewed judgment. Has he fallen so far away from standard religion that he does, in fact, believe the enormous eyes watching over the valley of ashes are the eyes of God? Does he interpret the eyes literally, as opposed to metaphorically? If so, Fitzgerald is offering a less uplifting message, suggesting that society has fallen so far away from traditional religious teachings that people have lost all faith and can only misread the significance of the material world around us.

Finally, Fitzgerald uses geography to represent his message of spiritual dysfunction, beginning with the distinct communities of East Egg and West Egg. Granted, their differences are largely socioeconomic, but when looking at the inhabitants of each Egg, the West Eggers stand somewhat above the East Eggers (albeit not by much). Whereas no one in East Egg has any virtues to redeem themselves, West Egg does have Nick, the one character in the book who has a fairly good sense of right and wrong. Just as Fitzgerald favored one Egg over the other (despite it being perceived as the less fashionable Egg), he also pits regions of the country against each other, with similar results. There is no denying that Fitzgerald sees the Midwest as a land of promise.

He acknowledges it is less glamorous and exciting than the East, but it has a pureness about it that the East lacks. All his characters come from the Midwest, and in the end, the East does them in. As Nick says, "we possessed some deficiency in common which made us subtly unadaptable to Eastern life." Nick is the only one to realize this, however, and so after he has become completely disillusioned with life in the East, he heads home, presumably to a land that is still connected to the basic tenets of human compassion and charity.

In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald presents a world in which value systems have gone out of balance. He is not espousing a heavy-handed Christian message, but rather he is encouraging readers to stop and take inventory of their lives. Although some may see Fitzgerald as implying a return to God is necessary for survival, the text supports something far more subtle: Fitzgerald is urging a reconsideration of where society is and where it is going.

8a. As it is used in the above literary analysis, what is the most accurate definition of ‘debauched’? (S1: CO4; PO2)A. cleanB. inspiringC. corruptedD. dead

8b. The critic who wrote this essay makes what supported inference? (S3: CO1; PO2)A. Fitzgerald is using this novel to make people question their values and actions.B. West Eggers believe that people are objects.C. Nick returns to the Midwest because he believes Easterners lack basic human decency.D. Fitzgerald is calling on Americans to live more Christian lives steeped in religious practice.

8c .Another title that could be used for this critique is: (S1: CO6; PO2)A. Hedonism: The Religion in GatsbyB. People Are NOT ObjectsC. Gatsby: Rethink Your Values, America!D. Dr. DJ Eckelburg Watches Over Us

9. Your Turn to Critique! 9. Your Turn to Critique!

Write your own personal review of Gatsby. In your critique, you would give your own opinion of the work, but be sure to provide evidence directly from the text to support your claims. Your analysis may be as broad or narrow as you wish, and you are more than welcome to do a bit of research to build your argument . . . but the ideas must be your own!

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Great Gatsby Final ExamGreat Gatsby Final ExamLiterary Elements Matching. Plese write the correc tletter of each answer on the space provided.

1. character development _____ A. a reversal of expectations involving opposites

2. foreshadowing _____ B. a hint of things to come in a story3. theme _____ C. placing two images side by side to make a point4. irony _____ D. loaded, tangible objects that stand for something else5. mood _____ E. the emotions that imagery of a setting evokes6. flashback_____ F. a meaning, message, or lesson conveyed by a piece of art7. juxtaposition _____ G. the perspective from which a story is told8. narrator _____ H. bringing characters to life by describing how they look,

act, speak, think, and are reacted to by other characters9. point of view _____ I. the person/character telling a story10. symbolism _____ J. leaving the present to explore a prior event in time11. allusion _____ K. making a reference to another pice of art, literature,

person, or place in time

True or False. Please circle either true or false for each statement below.

12. Fitzgerald was a hopeless romantic who was optimistic about love. true false13. Wolfsheim said he could not get ‘mixed up’ in Gatsby’s death. true false14. In the end, Gatsby is the only character Nick likes. true false15. Gatsby wanted nothing less than for Daisy to say she never had loved Tom. true false16. Nick is a non-judgmental character throughout the book. true false17. All wealthy characters in Gatsby are of equal social rank. true false18. The novel teaches us that hard work is rewarded by financial success. true false19. Daisy had the legal and financial means to easily divorce Tom. true false20. Dishonest and carelessness are two things for which Fitzgerald has contempt. true false

Who Said It?:Write the name of the character responsible for uttering each of the following passages.

21. “You’re revolting…Do you know why we left Chicago? I’m surprised that they didn’t treat you to the story of that little spree.”

__________________________

22. “Can’t repeat the past? Why of course you can! I’m going to fix everything just the way it was before. She’ll see.”__________________________

23. “You ought to go away. It’s pretty certain they’ll trace your car. Go to Atlantic City for the week, or maybe Montreal.”__________________________

24. “They’re a rotten crowd. You’re worth the whole damn bunch put together.”__________________________

25. “He had a big future before him, you know. He was only a young man but he had a lot of brain power…if he’d lived he’d of been a great man…he’d of helped build up the country.”

__________________________

26. “I married him because I thought he was a gentleman…I thought he knew something about breeding but he wasn’t fit to lick my shoe.”

__________________________

27. “Why, my God! They used to go there by the hundreds! Poor son of a bitch.”__________________________

28. “I am careful…well, other people are. They’ll keep out of my way. It takes two to make an accident.”__________________________

29. “All right…I’m glad it’s a girl. And I hope she’ll be a fool—that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.”

__________________________

30. Well it’s a fine book and everyone ought to read it. The idea is if we don’t look out the white race will be—will be utterlysubmerged. It’s all scientific stuff; it’s been proved.”

__________________________

Literary Techniques. Select the best answer for the questions that follow.

31.In the excerpt, “He stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and far as I was from him I could have sworn he was trembling. Involuntarily, I glanced seaward – and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock”, what is being accomplished through the use of the green light symbol?

A. Gatsby’s reaching toward the green light symbolizes his longing for his dream of possessing Daisy Buchanan.B. Gatsby’s trembling hand signifies his anxious personality and his fear of not realizing his

dreams for the future.C. Gatsby’s position next to the water shows that he is a captain of industry who is easily

conquering his enemies.D. Gatsby’s fixation on lighting leads the reader to believe that he is obsessed with success.

32. Give one reason why alluding to Trimalchio as a characterization of Gatsby is an unfair reference:A. because Gatsby earns his own money through hard work and determinationB. because Gatsby inherited the vast majority of his wealth from his dead parentsC. because Gatsby doesn’t indulge in the alcohol, women, or hilarity of his partiesD. because Gatsby dresses carefully in designer couture that projects a seriousness

33. In the excerpt, “Two shining, arrogant eyes gave him the appearance of always leaning forward. Not even the effeminate swank of his riding clothes could hide the enormous power of that body – he seemed to fill those glistening boots until he strained the top lacing and your could see a great pack of muscle shifting when his shoulder moved under his thin coat. It was a body capable of enormous leverage – a cruel body”, Fitzgerald attempts to communicate insights into Tom’s personality through his physical description. Which images are designed to paint Tom as a self-satisfied jerk?A. arrogant eyesB. effeminate swank of his clothesC. strained lacesD. a cruel body

34. How did placing human molars on the cufflinks of Meyer Wolfsheim characterize him?A. as a retired dentist who is overly-enthusiastic about his former professionB. as a cannibalistic opportunist who has no qualms about eating his ownC. as a brutish gangster who flashes such props as a warning to othersD. as a fashion genius who is always on the cutting edge of clothing and accessories

35. Because George loved Myrtle and wants to save their marriage by moving away, he locked her up in their bedroom. As a consequence of locking her up, she becomes desperate and

attempts a feverish escape that leads to her death. What is tragically ironic about this situation?

A. that his love turned into a deadly obsessionB. that his attempt to preserve love actually destroyed itC. that his desire to prosper cost his wife’s lifeD. that his plan backfired and caused his death

36. The mood set by the imagery of summer in the novel contributes significantly to the behaviors of the characters. Consider this excerpt, “The next day was broiling, almost the last, certainly

the warmes, of the summer. The straw seats of the car hovered on the edge of combustion; the woman next to me perspired delicately for a while into her white shirtwaist and then, as the newspaper dampened under her fingers, lapsed despairingly into deep heat with a desolate

cry”. What type of behavior does this imagery best set the stage for?A. exhausted, languid inactionB. deliberate, angry interactionsC. melancholy, regrettable actionsD. impulsive, emotional reactions

37. How does the telling of the story benefit from being told as a flashback through a chronological recollection?

A. this organization facilitates the building of tension and mysteryB. this organization provides the most thorough expositionC. this organization offers time-sensitive insights that surprise the reader D. this organization provides the window for foreshadowing

38. Which characterization method offers readers the most RELIABLE and SPECIFIC information about Gatsby?

A. rumors about him shared by people who attend his partiesB. details offered by Gatsby himself about his own pastC. seeing Gatsby’s actions play out in the chapters of the bookD. reading Fitgerald’s physical descriptions of Jay

39. Which event is a skilled foreshadowing of Myrtle’s brutal killing?A. Tom breaking Myrtle’s nose in New York CityB. Meyer Wolfsheim revealing his human molar cufflinksC. Gatsby physically threatening his pharmacy associatesD. Owl Eyes drunkenly wrecking his car after one of Gatsby’s parties

40. Why is the setting of the 1920s a perfect backdrop for the mindset of these characters?A. because WWI made young Americans more investing in enjoying the presentB. because WWI made young Americans afraid of deathC. because the threat of WWII made young Americans want to experience pleasureD. because the threat of WWII made young Americans more invested in America

“A breeze belw through the room, blew curtains in at one end and out the other like pale flags, twisting them up toward the frosted wedding cade of the ceiling – and then rippled over the wine-colored rug, making a shadow on it as wind does on the sea . . . They were both (Daisy and Jordan) in white and their dresses were rippling and fluttering as if they had just been blown back in after a short flight around the house. I must have stood for a few moments listening to the whip and snap of the curtains and the groan of a picture on the wall. Then there was a boom as Tom Buchanan shut the rear windows and the caught wind died out

about the room and the curtains and the rugs and the two young women ballooned slowly to the floor.”

41. In the above excerpt from Chapter 1, how might the detail of the rug be symoblically significant to the setting?A. Its presence suggests that someone cares about each and every detail of the home and

decorates it carefully.B. Its hints that despite seemingly-limitless money, the owner of the home wasn’t capable of

finding a rug that complimented the rest of the room.C. Its description as ‘wine’ intimates that alcoholism is infused into the culture of the home

and its community.D. Its deep red color hints at a sinister undertone in the seemingly-ideal and innocent lives of

the family who resides there.

42. In the above excerpt from Chapter 1, what method does Fitgerald choose to characterize Tom, and what effect does it have?A. Tom’s entrance into the room completely kills the air flow, hinting that he has a presence

that creates a suffocating atmosphere. B. Tom’s entrance into the room is abruptly loud, indicating that he is a noisy individual who is

disruptive by nature.C. Tom’s entrance into the room causes the women to balloon to the ground, suggesting that

he helps people be realistic.D. Tom’s entrance into the room interrupts the two women’s conversation, telling the reader

that he has a lack of regard for women.

43. Which of the elements of the historical setting for Gatsby best lends itself to Fitzgerald’s assertion that American culture has become too vapid and corrupt?A. the 1919 World Series fixB. ProhibitionC. the Suffrage MovementD. the Jazz Age

44. What theme could be derived from the turnout at Gatsby’s funeral: his father, Nick, a few servants, and Owl Eyes?A. that only those who are closest to us should be present at our internmentB. that family, close friends, and partygoers are the most imporant people in our livesC. that short-sighted partying and hedonism yield few meaningful relationshipsD. that people thoughtlessly take advantage of hosts of parties

45. Other titles Fitzgerald toyed with for this novel were Among Asheaps and Millionaires, Gold-Hatted Gatsby, and Under Red, White and Blue. Thes titles have what elements in common?A. Condemnation of gross excess of lifestyleB. Exploration of The American DreamC. Discussion about The Roaring 20sD. Support of US patriotism

46. At the end of the scene at The Plaza Hotel, why does Tom diabolically insist that Gatsby drive his wife home?A. to give her the opportunity to break things off with GatsbyB. to give them time to talk in privateC. to show that he doesn’t care about what his wife doesD. to pointedly demonstrate that their affair is not a threat to him

47. Which detail does not intimate that the wealthy are cognitively disconnected for the reality of everyday Americans?A. Daisy’s admonishment of Nick’s missing her wedding when he was serving in WWIB. Daisy and Jordan’s discussion about what to plan for the longest day of the yearC. Nick’s comment, “Your’re worth the whole damn bunch of them” to GatsbyD. Jordan’s defense of her own carelessness that, “It takes two to make an accident”

48. In Chapter IV, Gatsby is pulled over for a traffic violation. He handed the officer a ‘white card’ from his wallet, to which the officer replies, “Right you are . . . Know you next time, Mr. Gatsby. Excuse me!”. What inference can the reader make about Gatsby from this exchange?A. He receives this courtesy from doing the commissioner a favor once.B. He is a friend of the NYC district attorney.C. He has done something questionable to procure immunity.D. He is able to live completely outisde of arms of the law.

The next day was broiling, almost the last, certainly the warmest, of the summer. As my trian emerged from the tunnel into sunlight, only the hot whistles of the National Biscuit Company broke the simmering hush at noon. The straw seats of the car hovered on the edge of combustion; the woman next to me perspired delicately for a while into her white shirtwaist and then, as her newpaper dampened under her fingers, lapsed despairingly into deep heat with a desolate cry. Her pocket-book slapped to the floor . . . “Hot!” said the conductor to familiar faces. “Some weather! . . . Hot! . . . Hot! . . . Hot! . . . Is it hot enough for you? Is it hot? Is it?

49. How does the imagery above affect the setting for our story at the beginning of Chapter VII: The Plaza Hotel scene?A. The season of summer indicates that this story is moving toward a conclusion.B. The dialogue clearly expresses the exhaustion people feel from the heat.C. The description of the heat sets a tense mood perfect for instigating conflict.D. The drop of the pocket book foreshadows the destruction of wealth.

50. Which element in the above excerpt best illustrates how hot New York City is on that day?A. the woman perspiring delicatelyB. the newspaper dampened with sweatC. the use of the word ‘broiling’D. seats hovering on the edge of combustion

51. During Chapter VIII, the day after Myrtle’s killing, Gatsby’s servant declares that he is going to drain the pool because, “leaves’ll start falling pretty soon and then there’s always trouble with the pipes”. Why is this detail significant?A. It tells us the season is cooling to fall and the threat of heat-propelled anger is past.B. It signifies the end of the summer, the death of nature, and and end to Gatsby’s ‘dream’.C. It forces Gatsby to admit not using the pool once and asking for an extension.D. It shows that Gatsby has reinstated his servants and ended things with Daisy.

52. What do the details of the onset of fall and Nick turning 30 have in common in relation to this story?A. They both symbolize and ending and set the scene for a conclusion to Gatsby’s story.B. They both represent death and destruction of the best times in life – the 1920s.C. They both show that all good things must come to an end – including Gatsby’s parties. D. They both intimate the onset of The Great Depression.

53. Upon their arrival at Wilson’s gas station on the way to New York City, Tom has just figured out that something is going on between Daisy and Gatsby. Coincidentally, Wilson has just uncovered his wife’s own infidelity. Nick observes, “I stared at him (George) and then at Tom, who had made a parallel discovery less than an hour before – and it occurred to me that there was no difference between men, in intelligence or race, so profound as the difference between the sick and the well. Wilson was so sick that he looked guilty, unforgivably guilty”. What point is Nick making about Tom and George?A. that they both are more similar to each other than different because of their circumstanceB. that Wilson is the better man, because he is emotionally shaken by the affairC. that Tom is the better man, as he is able to keep himself composed in light of the affairD. that neither man is in good condition: one distraught, one unaffected

“As I went over to say goodbye I saw tha the expression of bewilderment had come back into Gatsby’s face, as though a faint doubt had occurred to him as to the quality of his present happiness. Almost five years! There must have been moments even that afternoon when Daisy tumbled short of his dreams – not through her own fault but because of the colossal vitality of his illusion. It had gone beyond her, beyond everything. He had thrown himself into it with a creative passion, adding to it all the time, decking it out with every bright feather that drifted his way. No amount of fire or freshness can challenge what a man will store up in his ghostly heart”.

54. Based on the excerpt above, why does Fitzgerald use the ‘feather’ metaphor to describe Gatsby’s dreams?A. to show that he had cushioned his dreams to protect them from harm.B. to indicate that his dreams were ready to take flight since the reunion with DaisyC. to explain how Gatsby had fancifully embellished his concept of Daisy over the yearsD. to illustrate how his memories of Daisy were foggy and unclear

55. At this moment in the novel, what reality is becoming evident to Nick?A. Daisy has not completely measured up to Gatsby’s rememberance of her.B. Gatsby is bewildered and confused by the entire experience.C. Gatsby’s love of Daisy is stronger than ever and has been ignited by the reunion.D. Daisy has been a huge disappoinment to Gatsby, leaving him disillusioned.

56. What belief, expressed by Nick elsewhere in this novel, compliments the excerpt above from a thematic standpoint?A. “Anything can happen now that we’ve slid over this bridge.”B. “You’re worth the whole damn bunch of them!”C. “You can’t repeat the past.”D. “Either you ought to be more careful, or you oughtn’t to drive at all.”

“Open the whiskey, Tom,” she orderecd. “And I’ll make you a mint julep. Then you won’t seem so stupid to yourself . . . Look at the mint!”

“Wait a minute,” snaped Tom. “I want to ask Mr. Gatsby one more question.”“Go on,” Gatsby said politely.“What kind of a row are you trying to cause in my house anyhow?”They were out in the open at last and Gatsby was content.

“He isn’t causing a row.” Daisy looked desperately from one to the other. “You’re causing a row. Please have a little self control.”

“Self control!” repeated Tom incredulously. “I suppose the latest thing is to sit back and let Mr. Nobody from Nowhere make love to your wife. Well, if that’s the idea you can count me out . . . Nowadays people begin by sneering at family life and family institutions and next they’ll throw everything overboard and have intermarriage between black and white.”

Flushed with his impassioned gibberish he saw himself standing alone on the last barrier of civilization.

“We’re all white here,” murmured Jordan.“I know I’m not very popular. I don’t give big parties. I suppose you’ve got to make your

yhouse itno a pigsty in order to have any friends – in the modern world.”Angry as I was, as we all were, I was tempted to laugh whenever he opened his mouth. The

transition from libertine to prig was so complete.“I’ve got something to tell you, old sport, -“ began Gatsby. But Daisy guessed at his intention.“Please don’t!” she interrrupted helplessly. “Please let’s all go home. Why don’t we all go

home?”“That’s a good idea.” I got up. “Come on, Tom. Nobody wants a drink.”“I want to know what Mr. Gatsby has to tell me.”“Your wife doesn’t love you,” said Gatsby quietly. “She’s never loved you. She loves me.”“You must be crazy!” exclaimed Tom automatically.Gatsby sprant to his feet, vivid with excitement.“She never loved you, do you hear?” he cried. “She only married you because I was poor and

she was tired of waiting for me. It was a terrible mistake, but in her heart she never loved anyone except me!”

At this point Jordan and I tried to go but Tom and Gatsby insisted with competitive firmness that we reamin – as though nerither of them had anything to conceal and it would be a privilege to partake vicariously of their emotions.

“Sit down Daisy.” Tom’s voice groped unsuccessfully for the paternal note. “What’s been going on? I want to hear all about it.”

“I told you weaht’s been going on,” said Gatsby. “Going on for five years – and you didn’t know.”

Tom turned to Daisy sharply.“You’ve been seeing this fellow for five years?”“Not seeing,” said Gatsby. “No, we couldn’t meet. But both of us loved each other all that time,

old sport, and you didn’t know. I used to laugh soemtimes –“ but there was no laughter in his eyes, “to think that you didn’t know.”

“Oh – that’s all.” Tom tapped his thick fingers togethe rlike a clergyman and leaned back in his chair.

“You’re crazy!” he exploded. “I can’t speak about what happened five years ago because I didn’t know Daisy then – and I’ll be damned if I see how you got within a mile of her unless you brought the groceries to the back door. But all the rest of that’s a God Damned lie. Daisy loved me when she married me and she loves me now.”

“No” said Gatsby, shaking his head.“She does, though. The trouble is that sometimes she gets foolish ideas in her head and

doesn’t know what she’s doing.” He nodded sagely. “And what’s more, I love Daisy too. Once in a

while I go off on a spree and make a fool of myself, but I always come bak, and in my heart I love her all the time.”

“You’re revolting,” said Daisy. She turned to me and her voice, dropping an octave lower, filled the room with thrilling scorn: “Do you know why we left Chicago? I’m surprised that they didn’t treat you to the story of that little spree.”

Gatsby walked over and stood beside her.

“Daisy, that’s all over now,” he said earnestly. “It doesn’t matter anymore. Just tell him the truth – tha tyou enver loved him – and it’s all wiped out forever.”

She looked at him blindly. “Why, - how could I love him – possibly?”“You never loved him.”She hesitated. Her eyes fell on Jordan and me with a sort of appeal, as though she realized at

last what she was doing – and as though she had never, all along, intended to do anything at all. But it was done now. It was too late.

“I never loved him,” she said, with perceptible reluctance.“Not at Kapiolani?” demanded Tom suddenly.“No.”From the ballroom beneath, muffled and suffocating chords were drifting up on hot waves of

air.“Not that day I carried you down from the punch bowl to keep your shoes dry?” There was a

husky tenderness in his tone. “. . . Daisy?”“Please don’t.” Her voice was cold but the rancour was gone from it. She looked at Gastby.

“There Jay,” she said – but her hand as she tried to light a cigarette was trembling. Suddenly she threw the cigarette and the burning match on the carpet.

“Oh, you want too much!” she cried to Gatsby. “I love you now – isn’t that enoug? I can’t help what’s past.” She began to sob helplessly. “I did love him once – but I loved you too.”

Gatsby’s eyes opened and closed.“You loved me too?” he repeated. The words seemed to bite physically into Gatsby.

57. Based on the above excerpt, from which of Daisy’s comments can you FIRST infer that Daisy does not want the conflict between Tom and Gatsby to happen?A.“Please don’t” she interrupted helplessly.B.“He isn’t causing a row.” Daisy looked desperately from one to the other.C. “You’re revolting”D. “Why, how could I love him – possibly?”

58. Based on the above excerpt, how does Nick characterize Tom as a hypocrite?A. through his diatribe about family life and family institutions B. through his failure to execute a ‘paternal tone’C. through his derision of Gatsby as a grocery delivery boyD. through his characterization of Daisy as ‘foolish’

59. What about Daisy’s declaration that she ‘never loved Tom’ lacks the element of persuasion?A. that she speaks with a low, cautious voice and is unable to look upB. that looks to Jordan to bail her out before she speaks the actual wordsC. that this assertion is made with ‘perceptible reluctance’D that Tom reveals that she ‘doesn’t know what she’s doing’ before she speaks

60. What does Nick laugh about Tom when he states, “The transition from libertine to prig was so complete.”?A. because it is ironic for such a wealthy character to switch from the libertarian to the Democratic partyB. because it is ridiculous that a character who drinks and cheats should be lecturing about moralsC. because Nick is angered by the racially-charged statements Tom has madeD. because Gatsby has clearly drawn Tom out to make a fool of himself and showcase his ignorance

Essay. Select ONE of the following essay topics and craft a thoughtful, well-organized response that is supported by evidence from the novel.

Option #1:Carelessness is a paramount topic in this novel. At various, pivotal points in the book, Fitzgerald offers many examples of carelessness from a variety of characters. Explore these careless commentaries and hypothesize about what message Fitzgerald is trying to send to readers about careless behavior.

Option #2:We’ve discussed characterization in-depth as a class. Select ONE character from the novel and explain how Fitzgerald uses characterization to bring the individual to life. Explain not only how the character is developed, but what overall perception of that character Fitzgerald was trying to achieve.

Option #3:Using the five paragraph essay format, compare and contrast the characters of Daisy and Myrtle. Remember to use a three prong thesis!

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