€¦  · Web viewAbase- to lower in rank, office, prestige, or esteem. Abate- to put an end to or...

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1. Abase- to lower in rank, office, prestige, or esteem 2. Abate- to put an end to or nullify 3. Abdicate- to relinquish (as sovereign power) formally 4. Aberration- the fact or an instance of deviating or being in violation, especially from a moral standard or normal state 5. Abet- to assist or support in the achievement of a purpose 6. Abeyance- a lapse in succession during which there is no person in whom a title is vested 7. Abhor- to regard with extreme repugnance : LOATHE 8. Abhorrent- being so repugnant as to stir up positive antagonism 9. Abjure- to renounce upon oath 10. Abomination- causing extreme disgust and hatred 11. Aboriginal- being the first or earliest known of its kind present in a region 12. Abound- to be present in large numbers or in great quantity : be prevalent 13. Abrade- to rub or wear away especially by friction 14. Abridge- to shorten by omission of words without sacrifice of sense 15. Abrogate- to abolish by authoritative action : ANNUL 16. Abscond- to depart secretly and hide oneself 17. Absolve- to set free from an obligation or the consequences of guilt 18. Abstemious- marked by restraint especially in the consumption of food or alcohol 19. Abstinent- voluntary forbearance especially from indulgence of an appetite or craving or from eating some foods 20. Abstruse- difficult to comprehend 21. Abysmal- immeasurably low or wretched 22. Accede- to express approval or give consent : give in to a request or demand 23. Accentuate- EMPHASIZE ; also : INTENSIFY 24. Accolade- mark of acknowledgment : AWARD ; an expression of praise 25. Accrue- to come about as a natural growth, increase, or advantage 26. Acculturation- the process of adopting the cultural traits or social patterns of another group. 27. Acerbic- harsh or severe, as of temper or expression: acerbic criticism. . 28. Acquiesce- to assent tacitly; submit or comply silently or without protest; agree; consent: to acquiesce halfheartedly in a business plan. 29. Acquisitive- tending or seeking to acquire and own, often greedily; eager to get wealth, possessions, etc.: our acquisitive impulses; acquisitive societies. AP Literature and Composition Vocabulary Definitions Page 1

Transcript of €¦  · Web viewAbase- to lower in rank, office, prestige, or esteem. Abate- to put an end to or...

Page 1: €¦  · Web viewAbase- to lower in rank, office, prestige, or esteem. Abate- to put an end to or nullify. Abdicate- to relinquish (as sovereign power) formally. Aberration- the

1. Abase- to lower in rank, office, prestige, or esteem2. Abate- to put an end to or nullify3. Abdicate- to relinquish (as sovereign power) formally4. Aberration- the fact or an instance of deviating or being in violation, especially from a moral standard or normal state5. Abet- to assist or support in the achievement of a purpose6. Abeyance- a lapse in succession during which there is no person in whom a title is vested 7. Abhor- to regard with extreme repugnance : LOATHE8. Abhorrent- being so repugnant as to stir up positive antagonism9. Abjure- to renounce upon oath 10. Abomination- causing extreme disgust and hatred11. Aboriginal- being the first or earliest known of its kind present in a region12. Abound- to be present in large numbers or in great quantity : be prevalent13. Abrade- to rub or wear away especially by friction14. Abridge- to shorten by omission of words without sacrifice of sense15. Abrogate- to abolish by authoritative action : ANNUL16. Abscond- to depart secretly and hide oneself17. Absolve- to set free from an obligation or the consequences of guilt 18. Abstemious- marked by restraint especially in the consumption of food or alcohol 19. Abstinent- voluntary forbearance especially from indulgence of an appetite or craving or from eating some foods 20. Abstruse- difficult to comprehend 21. Abysmal- immeasurably low or wretched 22. Accede- to express approval or give consent : give in to a request or demand 23. Accentuate- EMPHASIZE; also : INTENSIFY24. Accolade- mark of acknowledgment : AWARD ; an expression of praise25. Accrue- to come about as a natural growth, increase, or advantage 26. Acculturation- the process of adopting the cultural traits or social patterns of another group. 27. Acerbic- harsh or severe, as of temper or expression: acerbic criticism. . 28. Acquiesce- to assent tacitly; submit or comply silently or without protest; agree; consent: to acquiesce halfheartedly in a business plan.29. Acquisitive- tending or seeking to acquire and own, often greedily; eager to get wealth, possessions, etc.: our acquisitive impulses; acquisitive societies. 30. Acquit- to relieve from a charge of fault or crime; declare not guilty: They acquitted him of the crime. The jury acquitted her, but I still think she's guilty. 31. Acrimonious- caustic, stinging, or bitter in nature, speech, behavior, etc.: an acrimonious answer; an acrimonious dispute. 32. Acronym- a word formed from the initial letters or groups of letters of words in a set phrase or series of words, as Wac from Women's Army Corps, OPEC from Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, or loran from long-range navigation.33. Acumen- keen insight; shrewdness: remarkable acumen in business matters. 34. Acute- sharp or severe in effect; intense: acute sorrow; an acute pain. 35. Adage- a traditional saying expressing a common experience or observation; proverb. 36. Adduce- to bring forward in argument or as evidence; cite as pertinent or conclusive: to adduce reasons in support of a constitutional amendment.

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37. Adherent- a person who follows or upholds a leader, cause, etc.; supporter; follower. 38. Adjunct- something added to another thing but not essential to it. 39. Admonish- to caution, advise, or counsel against something. 40. Adulation- excessive devotion to someone; servile flattery.41. Adulterate- to debase or make impure by adding inferior materials or elements; use cheaper, inferior, or less desirable goods in the production of (any professedly genuine article): to adulterate food. 42. Adumbrate- to produce a faint image or resemblance of; to outline or sketch. 43. Adventitious- associated with something by chance rather than as an integral part; extrinsic. 44. Advocate- to speak or write in favor of; support or urge by argument; recommend publicly: He advocated higher salaries for teachers. 45. Aesthetic- having a sense of the beautiful; characterized by a love of beauty. 46. Affable- pleasantly easy to approach and to talk to; friendly; cordial; warmly polite: an affable and courteous gentleman. 47. Affectation- an effort to appear to have a quality not really or fully possessed; the pretense of actual possession: an affectation of interest in art; affectation of great wealth48. affidavit- a written declaration upon oath made before an authorized official.49. Affinity- a natural liking for or attraction to a person, thing, idea, etc.50. affliction- a state of pain, distress, or grief; misery: They sympathized with us in our affliction.51. af·front- a personally offensive act or word; deliberate act or display of disrespect; intentional slight; insult: an affront to the king. 52. af·ter·math- something that results or follows from an event, especially one of a disastrous or unfortunate nature; consequence: the aftermath of war; the aftermath of the flood. 53. ag·gran·dize - to widen in scope; increase in size or intensity; enlarge; extend. 54. ag·grieve - to oppress or wrong grievously; injure by injustice. 55. a·ghast- struck with overwhelming shock or amazement; filled with sudden fright or horror: 56. a·lac·ri·ty - cheerful readiness, promptness, or willingness. 57. al·che·my- a form of chemistry and speculative philosophy practiced in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and concerned principally with discovering methods for transmuting baser metals into gold and with finding a universal solvent and an elixir of life. 58. al·ien·ate- to make indifferent or hostile: He has alienated his entire family. 59. al·lege- to assert without proof. 60. al·le·giance- the loyalty of a citizen to his or her government or of a subject to his or her sovereign. 61. al·le·vi·ate- to make easier to endure; lessen; mitigate: to alleviate sorrow; to alleviate pain. 62. al·lo·cate- to set apart for a particular purpose; assign or allot: to allocate funds for new projects. 63. al·lot- to divide or distribute by share or portion; distribute or parcel out; apportion: to allot the available farmland among the settlers. 64. al·loy- a substance composed of two or more metals, or of a metal or metals with a nonmetal, intimately mixed, as by fusion or to mix (metals or metal with nonmetal) so as to form an alloy. 65. al·lu·sion- a passing or casual reference; an incidental mention of something, either directly or by implication: an allusion to Shakespeare. 66. al·tru·ism- the principle or practice of unselfish concern for or devotion to the welfare of others ( opposed to egoism). 67. a·mal·ga·mate - to mix or merge so as to make a combination; blend; unite; combine: to amalgamate two companies. 68. a·mass- to gather for oneself; collect as one's own: to amass a huge amount of money.

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69. am·big·u·ous- open to or having several possible meanings or interpretations; equivocal: an ambiguous answer. 70. am·biv·a·lent- having ”mixed feelings about someone or something; being unable to choose between two (usually opposing) courses of action: The whole family was ambivalent about the move to the suburbs. She is regarded as a morally ambivalent character in the play. 71. a·mel·io·rate- to make or become better, more bearable, or more satisfactory; improve; meliorate.72. a·me·na·ble- ready or willing to answer, act, agree, or yield; open to influence, persuasion, or advice; agreeable; submissive; tractable: an amenable servant. 73. a·mi·a·ble- having or showing pleasant, good-natured personal qualities; affable: an amiable disposition. 74. a·mid- in the middle of; surrounded by; among: to stand weeping amid the ruins. 75. am·nes·ty- a general pardon for offenses, especially political offenses, against a government, often granted before any trial or conviction. 76. amoral - adj. lacking any sense of moral standards or principles77. amorphous - adj. without real or apparent crystalline form; lacking the system or structure characteristic of living bodies; having no definite form or distinct shape78. anachronism - noun an artifact that belongs to another time; a person who seems to be displaced in time; who belongs to another age; something located at a time when it could not have existed or occurred79. anagram – noun a word or phrase spelled by rearranging the letters of another word or phrase; verb read letters out of order to discover a hidden meaning80. analogy - noun drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity in some respect; an inference that if things agree in some respects they probably agree in others; the religious belief that between creature and creator no similarity can be found so great but that the dissimilarity is always greater; language can point in the right direction but any analogy between God and humans will always be inadequate81. anarchy - noun a state of lawlessness and disorder (usually resulting from a failure of government)82. anathema - noun a formal ecclesiastical curse accompanied by excommunication; a detested person83. ancillary - adj. furnishing added support84. anecdote - noun short account of an incident (especially a biographical one)85. anhydrous - adj. without water; especially without water of crystallization86. animosity - noun a feeling of ill will arousing active hostility87. anomaly - noun (astronomy) position of a planet as defined by its angular distance from its perihelion (as observed from the sun); a person who is unusual; deviation from the normal or common order or form or rule88. antecedent - adj. preceding in time or order; noun the referent of an anaphor; a phrase or clause that is referred to by an anaphoric pronoun; a preceding occurrence or cause or event; anything that precedes something similar in time; someone from whom you are descended (but usually more remote than a grandparent)89. antedate - verb establish something as being earlier relative to something else; be earlier in time; go back further90. anterior - adj. earlier in time; of or near the head end or toward the front plane of the body; noun a tooth situated at the front of the mouth91. antipathy - noun the object of a feeling of intense aversion; something to be avoided; a feeling of intense dislike92. antiquity - noun an artifact surviving from the past; the historic period preceding the Middle Ages in Europe; extreme oldness93. antithesis - noun the juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas to give a feeling of balance; exact opposite94. apathy - noun the trait of lacking enthusiasm for or interest in things generally; an absence of emotion or enthusiasm

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95. aperture - noun an man-made opening; usually small; a device that controls amount of light admitted; a natural opening in something96. aphorism - noun a short pithy instructive saying97. apocryphal - adj. being of questionable authenticity; of or belonging to the Apocrypha98. apostasy - noun the act of abandoning a party or cause; the state of having rejected your religious beliefs or your political party or a cause (often in favor of opposing beliefs or causes)99. apotheosis - noun the elevation of a person (as to the status of a god); model of excellence or perfection of a kind; one having no equal100. appalling - adj. causing consternation; noun an experience that appalls 101. appendage- a subordinate part attached to something; an auxiliary part; addition.102. apportion- to distribute or allocate proportionally; divide and assign according to some rule of proportional distribution: 103. apposite- suitable; well-adapted; pertinent; relevant; apt: 104. appraise-to estimate the monetary value of; determine the worth of; 105. assess: to estimate the nature, quality, importance, etc.106. apprise: to give notice to; inform; advise (often followed by of )107. approbation: approval; commendation; official approval or sanction.108. appurtenance: something subordinate to another, more important thing; adjunct; accessory.109. apropos: fitting; at the right time; to the purpose; opportunely.110. aptitude: capability; ability; innate or acquired capacity for something; talent. 111. arbitrary: subject to individual will or judgment without restriction; contingent solely upon one's discretion.112. archetype: the original pattern or model from which all things of thesame kind are copied or on which they are based; a model or first form; prototype.113. archive: Usually, archives. Documents or records relating to the activities, business dealings, etc., of a person, family, corporation, association, community, or nation; a place where public records or other historical documents are kept.114. arduous: requiring great exertion; laborious; difficult: 115. arid: being without moisture; extremely dry; parched; barren or unproductive because of lack of moisture: 116. aristocratic: characteristic of an aristocrat; having the manners, values, or qualities associated with the aristocracy117. armistice: a temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement of the warring parties; truce.118. arraign: to call or bring before a court to answer to an indictment.119. arsenal: a place of storage or a magazine containing arms and military equipment for land or naval service.120. articulate: uttered clearly in distinct syllables.121. artifact: a handmade object, as a tool, or the remains of one, as a shard of pottery, characteristic of an earlier time or cultural stage, especially such an object found at an archaeological excavation.122. artifice: a clever trick or stratagem; a cunning, crafty device or expedient; wile.123. ascendancy: the state of being in the ascendant; governing or controlling influence; domination.124. ascertain: to find out definitely; learn with certainty or assurance; determine.125. ascetic: a person who dedicates his or her life to a pursuit of contemplative ideals and practices extreme self-denial or self-mortification for religious reasons..

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126. Ascribe: to credit or assign, as to a cause or source; attribute; impute.127. Askance: with suspicion, mistrust, or disapproval. 128. Aspersion: a damaging or derogatory remark or criticism; slander: casting aspersions on a campaign rival.129. Assail: to attack vigorously or violently; assault.130. Assert: to state with assurance, confidence, or force; state strongly or positively; affirm; aver: 131. Assiduous: constant; unremitting: assiduous reading132. Assimilate: to take in and incorporate as one's own; absorb.133. Assuage: to make milder or less severe; relieve; ease; mitigate.134. Astringent: Medicine/Medical . contracting; constrictive; styptic.135. Astute: of keen penetration or discernment; sagacious: an astute analysis.136. Atomistic: the theory that minute, discrete, finite, and indivisible elements are the ultimate constituents of all matter.137. Atrophy: a wasting away of the body or of an organ or part, as from defective nutrition or nerve damage.138. Attenuation: the act of attenuating or the state of being attenuated.139. Attest: to bear witness to; certify; declare to be correct, true, or genuine; declare the truth of, in words or writing, especially affirm in an official capacity: to attest the truth of a statement.140. Attribute: to regard as resulting from a specified cause; consider as caused by something indicated (usually followed by to)141. Attrition: a reduction or decrease in numbers, size, or strength.142. Audacious: extremely bold or daring; recklessly brave; fearless: an audacious explorer.143. Augment: to make larger; enlarge in size, number, strength, or extent; increase.144. Auspices: an augur of ancient Rome.145. Auspicious: promising success; propitious; opportune; favorable.146. Austere: severe in manner or appearance; uncompromising; strict; forbidding.147. Autonomy: independence or freedom, as of the will or one's actions. 148. Auxiliary: additional; supplementary; reserve. 149. Avarice: insatiable greed for riches; inordinate, miserly desire to gain and hoard wealth.150. Aversion: a strong feeling of dislike, opposition, repugnance, or antipathy (usually followed by to ).151. avid: showing great enthusiasm for or interest in: an avid moviegoer. 152. axiom: a self-evident truth that requires no proof. 153. banal: devoid of freshness or originality; hackneyed; trite: a banal and sophomoric treatment of courage on the frontier. 154. bane: a person or thing that ruins or spoils.155. barrage: an overwhelming quantity or explosion, as of words, blows, or criticisms: a barrage of questions. 156. belated: coming or being after the customary, useful, or expected time: belated birthday greetings. 157. benevolent: characterized by or expressing goodwill or kindly feelings: a benevolent attitude; her benevolent smile. 158. benign: having a kindly disposition; gracious.159. bequeath: to dispose of (personal property, especially money) by last will. 160. bestow: to present as a gift; give; confer (usually followed by on or upon )161. bilateral: pertaining to, involving, or affecting two or both sides, factions, parties, or the like. 162. bipolar: characterized by opposite extremes, as two conflicting political philosophies. 163. bland: lacking in special interest, liveliness, individuality, etc.; insipid; dull. 164. blandishment: something, as an action or speech, that tends to flatter, coax, entice, etc. 165. blasphemy: impious utterance or action concerning God or sacred things.

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166. blatant: brazenly obvious; flagrant: a blatant error in simple addition; a blatant lie. 167. blueprint: a detailed outline or plan of action: a blueprint for success. 168. brandish: to shake or wave, as a weapon; flourish.169. brazen: shameless or impudent.170. brevity: shortness of time or duration; briefness.171. brink: the edge or margin of a steep place or of land bordering water. 172. bureaucracy: administration characterized by excessive red tape and routine. 173. burnish: to polish (a surface) by friction. 174. cajole: to persuade by flattery or promises; wheedle; coax. 175. callous: insensitive; indifferent; unsympathetic.176. calumny- a false and malicious statement designed to injure the reputation of someone or something177. canard- a false or baseless, usually derogatory story, report, or rumor.178. candid- frank; outspoken; open and sincere179. candor- freedom from bias; fairness; impartiality180. capacious - capable of holding much; spacious or roomy181. capitulate - to surrender unconditionally or on stipulated terms182. capricious- subject to, led by, or indicative of caprice or whim; erratic-183. captivate- to attract and hold the attention or interest of, as by beauty or excellence; enchant-184. carcinogenic - any substance or agent that tends to produce a cancer.185. cardinal- of prime importance; chief; principal-186. careen- to lean, sway, or tip to one side while in motion-187. cartel- a coalition of political or special-interest groups having a common cause, as to encourage the passage of a certain law. -188. cartography - the production of maps, including construction of projections, design, compilation, drafting, and reproduction.189. cascade - anything that resembles a waterfall, especially in seeming to flow or fall in abundance190. castigate -to criticize or reprimand severely-191. catalyst -something that causes activity between two or more persons or forces without itself being affected-192. caulk- to fill or close seams or crevices of (a tank, window, etc.) in order to make watertight, airtight, etc.193. caustic- capable of burning, corroding, or destroying living tissue194. celibacy- abstention from sexual relations-195. censure -strong or vehement expression of disapproval: The newspapers were unanimous in their censure of the tax proposal.196. charlatan -a person who pretends or claims to have more knowledge or skill than he or she possesses; quack.197. chaste - refraining from sexual intercourse that is regarded as contrary to morality or religion; virtuous.198. chasten - to inflict suffering upon for purposes of moral improvement; chastise.199. chastise - to discipline, especially by corporal punishment200. chimera- a mythological, fire-breathing monster, commonly represented with a lion's head, a goat's body, and a serpent's tail.201. chronic- continuing a long time or recurring frequently202. cir·cum·scribe: to draw a line around; encircle: to circumscribe a city on a map.203. cir·cum·spect: watchful and discreet; cautious; prudent: circumspect behavior.204. cir·cum·vent: to go around or bypass

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205. clan·des·tine: characterized by, done in, or executed with secrecy or concealment, especially for purposes of subversion or deception; private or surreptitious.206. clem·en·cy: disposition to show forbearance, compassion, or forgiveness in judging or punishing; leniency; mercy.207. co·ag·u·late: to change from a fluid into a thickened mass; curdle; congeal.208. co·a·lesce: to grow together or into one body. 209. co·da: anything that serves as a concluding part.210. cod·i·cil: a supplement to a will, containing an addition, explanation, modification, etc., of something in the will.211. co·er·cion: use of force or intimidation to obtain compliance.212. co·gent: convincing or believable by virtue of forcible, clear, or incisive presentation; telling.213. cog·i·tate: to think hard; ponder; meditate.214. cog·ni·zant: having cognizance; aware (usually followed by of )215. co·he·sive: of or pertaining to the molecular force within a body or substance acting to unite its parts.216. co·hort: a companion or associate.217. com·men·su·rate: corresponding in amount, magnitude, or degree. 218. com·mis·er·ate: to feel or express sorrow or sympathy for; empathize with; pity.219. com·mo·di·ous: spacious and convenient; roomy. 220. com·mod·i·ty: an article of trade or commerce, especially a product as distinguished from a service.221. com·pen·di·um: a brief treatment or account of a subject, especially an extensive subject; concise treatise. 222. com·ple·ment: something that completes or makes perfect. 223. com·plic·i·ty: the state of being an accomplice; partnership or involvement in wrongdoing. 224. com·ply: to act or be in accordance with wishes, requests, demands, requirements, conditions, etc.; agree 225. com·prise: to include or contain; to consist of; be composed of; to form or constitute.226. com·punc·tion: a feeling of uneasiness or anxiety of the conscience caused by regret for doing wrong or causing pain; contrition; remorse. 227. con·cave: curved like a segment of the interior of a circle or hollow sphere; hollow and curved. Compare convex ( def. 1 ) . 228. con·cede: to acknowledge as true, just, or proper; admit: He finally conceded that she was right. 229. con·cen·tric: having a common center, as circles or spheres.230. con·cep·tu·al: pertaining to concepts or to the forming of concepts.231. con·cert·ed: contrived or arranged by agreement; planned or devised together: a concerted effort. 232. con·cil·i·a·to·ry: tending to bring about peace233. con·cise: expressing or covering much in few words.234. con·coct: to prepare or make by combining ingredients, especially in cookery. 235. con·com·i·tant: existing or occurring with something else, often in a lesser way; accompanying; concurrent. 236. con·cur: to accord in opinion; agree. 237. con·cur·rent: occurring or existing simultaneously or side by side.238. con·de·scend: to behave as if one is conscious of descending from a superior position, rank, or dignity. 239. con·done: to disregard or overlook (something illegal, objectionable, or the like). 240. con·fed·er·ate: united in a league, alliance, or conspiracy. 241. con·fer: to consult together; compare opinions; carry on a discussion or deliberation.242. con·fig·u·ra·tion: the relative disposition or arrangement of the parts or elements of a thing. 243. con·flu·ence: a flowing together of two or more streams, rivers, or the like.

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244. con·found: to perplex or amaze, especially by a sudden disturbance or surprise; bewilder; confuse. 245. con·geal: to change from a soft or fluid state to a rigid or solid state, as by cooling or freezing; to curdle; coagulate, as a fluid. 246. con·gru·ent: agreeing; accordant247. con·jec·ture: the formation or expression of an opinion or theory without sufficient evidence for proof. 248. con·join: to join together; unite; combine; associate. 249. con·no·ta·tion: the associated or secondary meaning of a word or expression in addition to its explicit or primary meaning. 250. con·ster·na·tion: a sudden, alarming amazement or dread that results in utter confusion; dismay.251. construe: to give the meaning or intention of; explain; interpret. 252. contentious: tending to argument or strife; quarrelsome.253. contiguous: touching; in contact; in close proximity without actually touching; near. 254. contingent: dependent for existence, occurrence, character, etc., on something not yet certain; conditional 255. contrite: caused by or showing sincere remorse. 256. contumacious: stubbornly perverse or rebellious; willfully and obstinately disobedient. 257. contumely: insulting display of contempt in words or actions; contemptuous or humiliating treatment. 258. conundrum: insulting display of contempt in words or actions; contemptuous or humiliating treatment. 259. conventional: conforming or adhering to accepted standards, as of conduct or taste.260. converge: to tend to meet in a point or line; incline toward each other, as lines that are not parallel. 261. conversant: familiar by use or study (usually followed by with ) 262. convex: having a surface that is curved or rounded outward. 263. convoluted: complicated; intricately involved: a convoluted way of describing a simple device.

264. copious: large in quantity or number; abundant; plentiful: copious amounts of food. 265. corollary: a proposition that is incidentally proved in proving another proposition. 266. corporeal: of the nature of the physical body; bodily. 267. correlation: mutual relation of two or more things, parts, etc268.corroborate: to make more certain; confirm. 269. corrosive: having the quality of eating away; erosive; harmful or destructive. 270. corrugated: to draw or bend into folds or alternate furrows and ridges. 271. countenance: appearance, especially the look or expression of the face. 272. covert: concealed; secret; disguised. 273. credulous: willing to believe or trust too readily, especially without proper or adequate evidence; gullible. 274.criterion: a standard of judgment or criticism; a rule or principle for evaluating or testing something. 275. critique: an act of criticizing; especially : a critical estimate or discussion276. Cryptic - mysterious in meaning; puzzling; ambiguous277. Cull - to choose, select, pick to gather the choice things or parts from.278. Culminate - to reach the highest point, summit, or highest development 279. Culpable - deserving blame or censure; blameworthy.280. Cupidity - anger or excessive desire, especially to possess something; greed; avarice.281. Cursory - going rapidly over something, without noticing details; hasty; superficial282. Daunt - to overcome with fear; intimidate283. Dearth - an inadequate supply; scarcity; lack284. Debacle - a general breakup or dispersion; sudden downfall or rout285. Debase - to reduce in quality or value; adulterate

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286. Debilitate - to make weak or feeble; enfeeble287. Debunk - to expose or excoriate (a claim, assertion, sentiment, etc.) as being pretentious, false, or exaggerated288. Decimate - to destroy a great number or proportion of289. Decorum - dignified propriety of behavior, speech, dress, etc, the quality or state of being decorous; orderliness; regularity.290. Deduce - to derive as a conclusion from something known or assumed; infer291. Deem - to form or have an opinion; judge; think292. Deference - respectful submission or yielding to the judgment, opinion, will, etc., of another.293. Defunct - no longer in effect or use; not operating or functioning294. Degenerate - to fall below a normal or desirable level in physical, mental, or moral qualities; deteriorate295. Delectable - delightful; highly pleasing; enjoyable296. Deleterious - injurious to health297. Delineate - to trace the outline of; sketch or trace in outline; represent pictorially298. Delusion - an act or instance of deluding, the state of being deluded.299. Delve - to carry on intensive and thorough research for data, information, or the like; investigate300. Demeanor - conduct; behavior; deportment, facial appearance; mien.301. Demise: a cessation of existence or activity302. Demographics: the statistical characteristics of human populations to identify markets 303. Demure: to take exception or object to or at304. Demystify: to eliminate the mystifying features of something305. Denotation: a direct specific meaning as distinct from an implied or associated idea.306. Denouement: the final outcome of the main dramatic complication in a literary work307. Deplete: to lessen markedly in quantity, content, power, or value308. Deploy: to spread out, utilize, or arrange for a deliberate purpose309. Depravity: a corrupt act or practice310. Deprecate: to express disapproval of 311. Derelict: abandoned especially by the owner or occupant 312. Derision: the use of ridicule or scorn to show contempt313. Derivative: something formed as a by-product, offshoot, outgrowth, or spinoff314. Derogatory: detracting from the character or standing of something315. Desecrate: to violate the sanctity of; to treat disrespectfully 316. Desiccate: to dry up; to preserve by drying317. Desist: to cease to proceed or act 318. Despondent: feeling or showing extreme discouragement, dejection, or depression 319. Despotic: or, relating to, or characteristic of an absolute, demagogical ruler320. Destitute: lacking possessions and resources; extreme poverty 321. Desultory : marked by a lack of definite plan, regularity, or purpose322. Deter: to turn aside, discourage, or prevent from acting 323. Detrimental: obviously harmful or damaging324. Diaphanous: characterized by such fineness of texture as to permit seeing through 325. Diatribe: a prolonged, bitter, and abusive speech or piece of writing326. Dichotomy: division into two parts, kinds, etc.; subdivision into halves or pairs. 327. Didactic: intended for instruction; instructive: didactic poetry. 328. diffidence: the quality or state of being diffident. 329. diffuse: fused, -fusing, adjective

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330. dilate: to make wider or larger; cause to expand. 331. dilatory: tending to delay or procrastinate; slow; tardy. 332. dilemma: a situation requiring a choice between equally undesirable alternatives. 333. diminution: the act, fact, or process of diminishing; lessening; reduction. 334. disabuse: to free (a person) from deception or error. 335. disambiguate: to remove the ambiguity from; make unambiguous336. disarray: to put out of array or order; throw into disorder. 337. discernment: the faculty of discerning; discrimination; acuteness of judgment and understanding. 338. disclaimer: the act of disclaiming; the renouncing, repudiating, or denying of a claim; disavowal. 339. disconcerting: disturbing to one's composure or self-possession; upsetting, discomfiting. 340. discordant: being at variance; disagreeing; incongruous: discordant opinions. 341. discrepancy: the state or quality of being discrepant; difference; inconsistency. 342. discrete: apart or detached from others; separate; distinct: six discrete parts. 343. discriminate: to make a distinction in favor of or against a person or thing on the basis of the group, class, or category to which the person or thing belongs rather than according to actual merit; show partiality.344. disdain: to look upon or treat with contempt; despise; scorn. 345. disgruntle: to put into a state of sulky dissatisfaction; make discontent. 346. disinclination: the absence of inclination; reluctance; unwillingness. 347. disinformation: false information, as about a country's military strength or plans, publicly announced or planted in the news media, especially of other countries. 348. disingenuous: lacking in frankness, candor, or sincerity; falsely or hypocritically ingenuous; insincere. 349. disinterested: unbiased by personal interest or advantage; not influenced by selfish motives: a disinterested decision by the referee. 350. dismal: causing gloom or dejection; gloomy; dreary; cheerless; melancholy: dismal weather. 351. dismay: to break down the courage of completely, as by sudden danger or trouble; dishearten thoroughly; daunt.352. disparage-to speak of or treat slightingly; depreciate; belittle353. disparate- distinct in kind; essentially different; dissimilar:354. disparity- lack of similarity or equality; inequality; difference:355. dispassionate- free from or unaffected by passion; devoid of personal feeling orbias; impartial; calm:356. disperse-to drive or send off in various directions; scatter:357. dispirit-to deprive of spirit, hope, enthusiasm, etc.; depress; discourage;dishearten.358. disproportionate -not proportionate; out of proportion, as in size or number.359. disquiet- lack of calm, peace, or ease; anxiety; uneasiness.360. dissemble- to give a false or misleading appearance to; conceal thetruth or real nature of:361. disseminate- to scatter or spread widely, 362. dissent- to differ in sentiment or opinion,363. disservice-to provide inadequate or faulty service to: 364. dissident-disagreeing or dissenting, as in opinion or attitude365. dissipate-to scatter in various directions; disperse; dispel.366. dissolution-the act or process of resolving or dissolving into parts orelements367. dissonance- inharmonious or harsh sound; discord; cacophony.368. dissuade- to deter by advice or persuasion; persuade not to dosomething369. distend- to expand by stretching, as something hollow or elastic370. divergence- the act, fact, or amount of diverging371. divest-to strip of clothing, ornament,

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372. divulge- to make known 373. dogmatic- asserting opinions in a doctrinaire or arrogant manner;opinionated.374. dormant- lying asleep or as if asleep; inactive, as in sleep; torpid:375. dross- waste matter; refuse376. Dubious- wavering or hesitating in opinion; inclined to doubt377. Ductility- capable of being molded or shaped378. Duplicity- deceitfulness in speech or conduct, as by speaking or acting in two different ways to different people concerning the same matter379. Duress -compulsion by threat or force; coercion; constraint. 380. Ebb -a flowing backward or away; decline or decay381. Ebullience- high spirits; exhilaration; exuberance. 382. Eccentric -deviating from the recognized or customary character, practice, etc383. Echelon- a level of worthiness, achievement, rank, or reputation384. Eclectic- made up of what is selected from different sources385. Edification- moral improvement or guidance386. Edifice- a building, especially one of large size or imposing appearance. 387. Effectual- adequate388. Effervescent- vivacious; gay; lively; sparkling389. Efficacious- capable of having the desired result or effect; effective as a means, measure, remedy, etc.390. Efficacy- effectiveness391. Effluvia- a slight or invisible exhalation or vapor, especially one that is disagreeable or noxious.392. Effrontery- shameless or impudent boldness; barefaced audacity393. Effulgent- shining forth brilliantly; radiant394. Effusion- the act of pouring forth395. Egalitarian- asserting, resulting from, or characterized by belief in the equality of all people, especially in political, economic, or social life396. Egregious- extraordinary in some bad way; glaring; eminent397. Elaborate- marked by intricate and often excessive detail; complicated398. Elation- a feeling or state of great joy or pride; exultant gladness; high spirits399. Elicit- to draw or bring out or forth; educe; evoke400. Elocution- a person's manner of speaking or reading aloud in public401. el·o·quence- the practice or art of using language with fluency and aptness402. e·lu·ci·date- to make lucid or clear; throw light upon; explain403. e·lu·sive- not allowing clear perception or complete mental grasp404. em·a·nate- to flow out, issue, or proceed, as from a source or origin; come forth; originate 405. e·man·ci·pate- to free from restraint, influence, or the like406. em·bel·lish- to beautify by or as if by ornamentation; ornament; adorn407. em·bod·y- to give a concrete form to; express, personify, or exemplify in concrete form408. em·broil- to bring into discord or conflict; involve in contention or strife409. em·bry·on·ic- pertaining to or in the state of an embryo410. em·i·nence- high station, rank, or repute: philosophers of eminence411. e·mol·lient- having the power of softening or relaxing, as a medicinal substance; soothing, especially to the skin: emollient lotions for the face412. em·pa·thy- the intellectual identification with or vicarious experiencing of the feelings, thoughts, or attitudes of another413. em·pir·i·cal- derived from or guided by experience or experiment

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414. em·u·late- to try to equal or excel; imitate with effort to equal or surpass415. en·croach- to advance beyond proper, established, or usual limits; make gradual inroads416. en·dem·ic- natural to or characteristic of a specific people or place; native; indigenous 417. en·er·vate- to deprive of force or strength; destroy the vigor of; weaken 418. en·fran·chise- to grant a franchise to; admit to citizenship, especially to the right of voting419. en·gen·der- to produce, cause, or give rise to420. e·nig·ma- a puzzling or inexplicable occurrence or situation421. en·mi·ty- a feeling or condition of hostility; hatred; ill will; animosity; antagonism 422. en·nui- a feeling of utter weariness and discontent resulting from satiety or lack of interest; boredom423. en·sue- to follow in order; come afterward, especially in immediate succession424. en·tail- to cause or involve by necessity or as a consequence425. en·ti·ty- something that has a real existence; thing426. en·treat- to ask (a person) earnestly; beseech; implore; beg427. e·nu·mer·ate to mention separately as if in counting; name one by one;specify, as in a list428. e·nun·ci·ate- to utter or pronounce (words, sentences, etc.), especially in an articulate or a particular manner429. en·vi·sion- to picture mentally, especially some future event or events .430. e·phem·er·al- lasting a very short time; short-lived; transitory.431. ep·i·logue- a concluding part added to a literary work, as a novel.432. e·pis·te·mol·o·gy-a branch of philosophy that investigates the origin, nature, methods, and limits of human knowledge.433. e·pit·o·me- a person or thing that is typical of or possesses to a high degree the features of a whole class434. e·qua·nim·i·ty mental or emotional stability or composure, especially undertension or strain; calmness; equilibrium.435. e·qui·poise- an equal distribution of weight; even balance; equilibrium.436. e·quiv·o·cate- to use ambiguous or unclear expressions, usually to avoid commitment or in order to mislead; prevaricate or hedge437. er·rat·ic- deviating from the usual or proper course in conduct or opinion; eccentric; queer438. er·u·dite- characterized by great knowledge; learned or scholarly439. es·chew- to abstain or keep away from; shun; avoid440. es·o·ter·ic- understood by or meant for only the select few who have special knowledge or interest; recondite441. es·trange- to turn away in feeling or affection; make unfriendly or hostile; alienate the affections of442. e·the·re·al- light, airy, or tenuous443. eu·lo·gy- a speech or writing in praise of a person or thing, especially a set oration in honor of a deceased person.444. eu·phe·mism- the substitution of a mild, indirect, or vague expression for one thought to be offensive, harsh, or blunt.445. eu·pho·ri·a- a feeling of happiness, confidence, or well-being sometimes exaggerated in pathological states as mania446. ev·a·nes·cent- vanishing; fading away; fleeting.447. e·vince- to show clearly; make evident or manifest; prove.448. e·vis·cer·ate- to remove the entrails from; disembowel; to deprive of vital or essential parts449. none450. None

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451. e·voke- to call up or produce (memories, feelings, etc.): to evoke a memory.452. ex·ac·er·bate- to increase the severity, bitterness, or violence of (disease, ill feeling, etc.); aggravate.453. ex·cise - an internal tax or duty on certain commodities, as liquor or tobacco, levied on their manufacture, sale, or consumption within the country.454. ex·co·ri·ate- to denounce or berate severely; flay verbally: He was excoriated for his mistakes.455. ex·cul·pate- to clear from a charge of guilt or fault; free from blame; vindicate.456. ex·em·pla·ry- worthy of imitation; commendable: exemplary conduct.457. ex·em·pli·fy- to show or illustrate by example.458. ex·hume- to dig (something buried, especially a dead body) out of the earth; disinter.459. ex·i·gent- requiring immediate action or aid; urgent; pressing.460. ex·on·er·ate- to clear, as of an accusation; free from guilt or blame; exculpate: He was exonerated from the accusation of cheating.461. ex·or·bi·tant- exceeding the bounds of custom, propriety, or reason, especially in amount or extent; highly excessive: to charge an exorbitant price; exorbitant luxury.462. ex·pe·di·ent- tending to promote some proposed or desired object; fit or suitable for the purpose; proper under the circumstances463. ex·pi·ate- to atone for; make amends or reparation for: to expiate one's crimes.464. ex·pli·cate- to make plain or clear; explain; interpret.465. ex·plic·it- fully and clearly expressed or demonstrated; leaving nothing merely implied; unequivocal: explicit instructions; an explicit act of violence; explicit language.466. ex·po·si·tion- writing or speech primarily intended to convey information or to explain; a detailed statement or explanation; explanatory treatise.467. ex·pos·tu·late- to reason earnestly with someone against something that person intends to do or has done; remonstrate.468. ex·punge- to strike or blot out; erase; obliterate.469. ex·tant- in existence; still existing; not destroyed or lost: There are only three extant copies of the document.470. ex·ten·u·ate- to represent (a fault, offense, etc.) as less serious.471. ex·tir·pate- to remove or destroy totally; do away with; exterminate.472. ex·tol- to praise highly; laud; eulogize.473. ex·tort- to wrest or wring (money, information, etc.) from a person by violence, intimidation, or abuse of authority; obtain by force, torture, threat, or the like.474. ex·tra·ne·ous- introduced or coming from without; not belonging or proper to a thing; external; foreign: 475. ex·trap·o·late- to infer (an unknown) from something that is known; conjecture.476. Extricate- to free or release from entanglement; disengage477. Extrinsic- not essential or inherent; not a basic part or quality; extraneous478. Façade -a superficial appearance or illusion of something479. Facet- one of the small, polished plane surfaces of a cut gem.480. Facetious- not meant to be taken seriously or literally481. Fallacy- a deceptive, misleading, or false notion, belief, etc482. Fanatic- a person with an extreme and uncritical enthusiasm or zeal, as in religion or politics.483. Fastidious- excessively particular, critical, or demanding; hard to please: a fastidious eater.484. Fatuous- foolish or inane, especially in an unconscious, complacent manner; silly.485. Fecund- producing or capable of producing offspring, fruit, vegetation, etc., in abundance; prolific; fruitful

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486. Felicitous- well-suited for the occasion, as an action, manner, or expression; apt; appropriate.487. Fervent-having or showing great warmth or intensity of spirit, feeling, enthusiasm, etc.; ardent488. Fester-to form pus; generate purulent matter; suppurate.489. Fiat-an authoritative decree, sanction, or order490. Flagrant- shockingly noticeable or evident; obvious; glaring.491. Fledgling-an immature or inexperienced person492. Florid- reddish; ruddy; rosy.493. Flourish- to be in a vigorous state; thrive494. Flout, to treat with disdain, scorn, or contempt; scoff at; mock.495. Flux- a flowing or flow.496. Foment- to instigate or foster (discord, rebellion, etc.); promote the growth or development of.497. Foray- a quick raid, usually for the purpose of taking plunder:Vikings made a foray on the port.498. Forebode-to foretell or predict; be an omen of; indicate beforehand;portend: clouds that forebode a storm.499. Forensic- adapted or suited to argumentation; rhetorical.500. Forestall- to prevent, hinder, or thwart by action in advance: toforestall a riot by deploying police.501. Fortuitous- coming or happening by a lucky chance502. Frenetic- frenzied or frantic503. Frivolous- of little weight or important; having no sound basis504. frugal- haracterized by or reflecting economy in the use of resources 505. fruition- pleasurable use or possession; realization 506. fulminate- to utter or send out with denunciation507. fulsome- characterized by abundance; generous in amount508. furtive- done by, or expressive of, stealth 509. futile - serving no useful purpose510. gainsay- to declare to be untrue or invalid511. gambit- a calculated move or strategem512. gamut- the entire range or series513. garble- to so alter or distort as to create a wrong impression or change the meaning514. garrulous- given to prosy, rambling, or tedious loquacity515. Genre- a category of composition characterized by a particular style, form, or content516. Germane- being relevant, appropriate, or fitting 517. Germinate- to come into being; to begin to grow 518. Gratis- without charge or recompense; free519. Gratuitous- costing nothing; not called for under the circumstances520. Grave- to impress or fix (as a thought) deeply 521. Gregarious- social; tending to associate with others of one’s kind522. Grovel- to lie or creep with the body prostrate in token of subservience 523. Guile- deceitful cunning 524. Guise- a form of style or dress or fashion525. Gullible- easily duped or cheated526. Hackneyed- lacking in freshness or originality527. Haphazard- by chance528. Hapless- having no luck529. Harbinger- one that pioneers in or foreshadows what is to come530. Haughty- blatantly and disdainfully proud

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531. Hedonistic- doctrine that pleasure or happiness is the sole or chief good in life532. Hegemony- preponderant influence or authority over others 533. Heinous- hatefully or shockingly evil 534. Heresy- dissent or deviation from a dominant theory, opinion, or practice535. Hermetic- impervious to external influence 536. Heterodox- holding unorthodox opinions or doctrines537. Heterogeneous- consisting of dissimilar or diverse ingredients or constituents538. Hiatus- an interruption in time or continuity 539. Hindrance- the state of impeding540. Homage- an expression of high regard or respect541. Homogeneous- of the same or similar kind or nature 542. Hubris- exaggerated pride or self-confidence543. Hyperbole- extravagant exaggeration544. Hypocritical- feigning to be what one is not, or to believe what one does not545. Hypothetical- involving conjecture; a proposition before it has been evaluated 546. Iconoclast- a person who attacks settled beliefs or institutions 547. Ideology- a manner or the content of thinking characteristic of an individual, group, or culture 548. Idiom- the syntactical, grammatical, or structural form peculiar to a language 549. Idiosyncrasy- a peculiarity of constitution or temperament; an individualizing characteristic or quality 550. Ignominious- marked with or characterized by disgrace or shame

551. Imbroglio- a confused mess552. Imbue to permeate or influence as if by dyeing553. imminent ready to take place554. immolate to kill or destroy often by fire555. immutable not capable of or susceptible to change556. impeccable not capable of sinning or liable to sin; free from fault or blame 557. impecunious having very little or no money usually habitually558. impediment a bar or hindrance 559. impervious not allowing entrance or passage; not capable of being damaged or harmed560. impetuous marked by impulsive vehemence or passion561. implacable not capable of being appeased, significantly changed, or mitigated562. implicate to involve as a consequence, corollary, or natural inference563. implicit capable of being understood from something else though unexpressed564. implore to call upon in supplication565. importunate troublesomely urgent566. imprecation to invoke evil on : curse 567. impromptu suggesting improvisation568. impugn to assail by words or arguments : oppose or attack as false or lacking integrity 569. impunity exemption or freedom from punishment, harm, or loss570. inadvertent not focusing the mind on a matter; unintentional571. inalienable incapable of being alienated, surrendered, or transferred572. inane lacking significance, meaning, or point573. inaugurate to induct into an office with suitable ceremonies574. incandescent white, glowing, or luminous with intense heat575. incarcerate to subject to confinement576. incarnation a living being embodying a deity or spirit.

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577. incendiary used or adapted for setting property on fire: 578. incense an aromatic gum or other substance producing a sweet odorwhen burned, used

in religous ceremonies, to enhance a mood, etc.

579. inception beginning; start; commencement.580. incessant continuing without interruption; ceaseless; unending: 581. incidental happening or likely to happen in an unplanned or subordinate

conjunction with something else.582. incipient beginning to exist or appear; in an initial stage583. incisive penetrating; cutting; biting; trenchant: 584. incite to stir, encourage, or urge on; stimulate or prompt to action585. incoherent without logical or meaningful connection; disjointed;rambling586. incongruous out of keeping or place587. incontrovertible not open to question or dispute; indisputable588. incorrigible bad beyond correction or reform589. increment something added or gained; addition; increase.590. inculcate to implant by repeated statement or admonition; teachpersistently and earnest

ly 591. incursion a hostile entrance into or invasion of a place or territory,

especially a sudden one592. indefatigable incapable of being tired out; not yielding to fatigue593. indelible making marks that cannot be erased, removed, or the like594. indict to bring a formal accusation against, as ameans of bringing to trial595. indigenous originating in and characteristic of a particular region orcountry; native 596. indolent having or showing a disposition to avoid exertion; slothful597. indomitable that cannot be subdued or overcome, as persons, will, or courage;unconquerabl

e598. induce to lead or move by persuasion or influence, as to someaction or state of mind599. ineffable incapable of being expressed or described in words; inexpressible600. ineluctable incapable of being evaded; inescapable601. inert Having no inherent power of action, motion, or resistance ( opposed to active)602. inexorable Unyielding; unalterable603. infamous Having an extremely bad reputation604. infer To derive by reasoning; conclude or judge from premises or evidence605. infested To live in or overrun to an unwanted degree or in a troublesome manner,

especially as predatory animals or vermin do606. infiltrate To filter into or through; permeate.607. infrastructure The basic, underlying framework or features of a system or organization608. infringe To commit a breach or infraction of; violate or transgress609. ingenuous Free from reserve, restraint, or dissimulation; candid; sincere610. ingratiate To establish (oneself) in the favor or good graces of others, especially by

deliberate effort611. inherent Existing in someone or something as a permanent and inseparable element,

quality, or attribute612. innate Existing in one from birth; inborn; native

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613. innocuous Not harmful or injurious; harmless614. innuendo An indirect intimation about a person or thing, especially of a disparaging or a

derogatory nature615. insatiable incapable of being satisfied or appeased616. inscrutable Incapable of being investigated, analyzed, or scrutinized; impenetrable617. insidious Intended to entrap or beguile618. insipid Without distinctive, interesting, or stimulating qualities; vapid619. insolvent unable to satisfy creditors or discharge liabilities620. insouciant Free from concern, worry, or anxiety; carefree; nonchalant621. instigate To cause by incitement; foment622. insular Detached; standing alone; isolated623. insurgent A person who rises in forcible opposition to lawful authority624. integral Necessary to the completeness of the whole625. intelligible Capable of being understood; comprehensible; clear626. intemperate immoderate in indulgence of appetite or passion627. interim a temporary or provisional arrangement; stopgap; makeshift628. interloper a person who interferes or meddles in the affairs of others629. interlude an intervening episode, period, space, etc630. intermittent stopping or ceasing for a time; alternately ceasing and beginning again631. intersperse to scatter here and there or place at intervals among other things632. interstices a small or narrow space or interval between things or parts,

especially when one of a series of alternating uniform spaces and parts633. intervene to come between disputing people, groups, etc.634. intractable not easily controlled or directed; not docile or manageable; stubborn; obstinate635. intransigent refusing to agree or compromise; uncompromising; inflexible.636. intrepid resolutely fearless; dauntless637. intrinsic belonging to a thing by its very nature638. introspective the act or process of looking into oneself639. inundate to flood; cover or overspread with water; deluge.640. inured to accustom to hardship, difficulty, pain, etc.; toughen or harden641. invective vehement or violent denunciation, censure, or reproach.642. inveigh to protest strongly or attack vehemently with words643. inveterate settled or confirmed in a habit, practice, feeling, or the like644. invidious calculated to create ill will or resentment or give offense; hateful645. invincible incapable of being conquered, defeated, or subdued.646. irascible easily provoked to anger; very irritable647. iridescent displaying a play of lustrous colors like those of the rainbow.648. ironic containing or exemplifying a sharp incongruity or discordance649. irresolute doubtful; infirm of purpose; vacillating650. irreverence lack of reverence or respect.651. juxtapose To place side by side652. kindle to start (a fire) burning; to stir up653. kinetic of or relating to the motion of material bodies and the forces and energy

associated therewith 654. labyrinth a place constructed of or full of intricate passageways and blind alleys

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655. laconic using or involving the use of a minimum of words656. lascivious Lewd or lustful657. lassitude a condition of weariness or debility658. latent present and capable of emerging or developing but not now visible, obvious,

active, or symptomatic659. latitude extent or distance from side to side660. laudatory of, relating to, or expressing praise661. lavish expending or bestowing profusely662. legacy something transmitted by or received from an ancestor or predecessor or from

the past663. legitimate accordant with law or with established legal forms and requirements664. lethargic of, relating to, or characterized by laziness or lack of energy665. levity excessive or unseemly frivolity666. liaison a close bond or connection667. libel a written or oral defamatory statement or representation that conveys an

unjustly unfavorable impression668. licentious lacking legal or moral restraints; especially : disregarding sexual restraints669. lionize to treat as an object of great interest or importance670. litany a prayer consisting of a series of invocations and supplications by the leader

with alternate responses by the congregation671. litigate to carry on a legal contest by judicial process672. livid discolored by bruising; very angry673. loath unwilling to do something contrary to one's ways of thinking674. loquacious full of excessive talk675. lucid having full use of one's faculties; sane676. ludicrous causing laughter because of absurdity; provoking or deservingderision; ridiculou

s; laughable677. lugubrious dismal, or gloomy, especially in an affected,exaggerated, or unrelieved manner678. luminous or reflecting light; shining; bright.679. luster state or quality of shining by reflecting light; glitter,sparkle, sheen, or gloss680. magnanimous generous in forgiving an insult or injury; free from pettyresentfulness or vindicti

veness681. malapropism act or habit of misusing words ridiculously, especially bythe confusion of words

that are similar in sound682. malevolent wishing evil or harm to another or others683. malice desire to inflict injury, harm, or suffering on another, eitherbecause of a hostile

impulse or out of deep-seatedmeanness684. malignant disposed to cause harm, suffering, or distress deliberately;feeling or showing ill

will or hatred.685. malleable capable of being extended or shaped by hammering or bypressure from rollers.686. marginal pertaining to a margin.687. meager deficient in quantity or quality; lacking fullness or richness;scanty; inadequate: a

meager salary688. meander to proceed by or take a winding or indirect course689. mediocrity the state or quality of being mediocre

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690. melee a confused hand-to-hand fight or struggle among several people691. mellifluous sweetly or smoothly flowing; sweet-sounding692. menagerie a collection of wild or unusual animals, especially forexhibition693. mendicant begging; practicing begging; living on alms694. mentor a wise and trusted counselor or teacher695. meretricious alluring by a show of flashy or vulgar attractions696. metamorphosis a complete change of form, structure, or substance, astransformation by magic 697. metaphor a figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied tosomething to which it i

s not literally applicable in order tosuggest a resemblance698. metaphysical pertaining to or of the nature of metaphysics699. meticulous taking or showing extreme care about minute details;precise700. minion a servile follower or subordinate of a person in power.701. misanthropy hatred, dislike, or distrust of humankind702. miserly penurious; stingy703. misinformation to give false or misleading information to704. misogyny hatred, dislike, or mistrust of women.705. mitigate to lessen in force or intensity, as wrath, grief, harshness, orpain; moderate.706. mnemonic assisting or intended to assist the memory707. monolithic consisting of one piece; solid or unbroken708. moratorium an authorized period of delay or waiting709. mordant sharply caustic or sarcastic, as wit or a speaker; biting710. morose gloomily or sullenly ill-humored, as a person or mood.711. motility moving or capable of moving spontaneously712. multifarious having many different parts, elements, forms, etc.713. multiplicity a large number or variety714. mundane common; ordinary; banal; unimaginative715. munificence showing unusual generosity716. nadir the lowest point; point of greatest adversity or despair.717. narcissist a person who is overly self-involved, and often vain and selfish.718. nebulous hazy, vague, indistinct, or confused719. nefarious extremely wicked or villainous; iniquitous720. nemesis an opponent or rival whom a person cannot best or overcome.721. neophyte a beginner or novice722. nexus a connected series or group723. noisome offensive or disgusting, as an odor724. notorious widely and unfavorably known725. noxious physically harmful or destructive to living beings726. nullify to make of no value or consequence727. obdurate stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing; hardened in feelings728. obfuscate to be evasive, unclear, or confusing; to make obscure729. oblique Not straightforward; neither perpendicular nor parallel730. obliterate to remove utterly from recognition or memory731. obscure not readily understood or clearly expressed732. obsequious marked by or exhibiting a fawning attentiveness733. obstinate perversely adhering to an opinion, purpose, or course in spite of reason,

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arguments, or persuasion734. obstreperous marked by unruly or aggressive noisiness735. obtrusive forward in manner or conduct736. obtuse lacking sharpness or quickness of sensibility or intellect737. obviate to anticipate and prevent (as a situation) or make unnecessary (as an action)738. occlude to close up or block off739. officious volunteering one's services where they are neither asked nor needed740. ominous being or exhibiting an omen741. omniscient having infinite awareness, understanding, and insight742. onerous involving, imposing, or constituting a burden 743. ontology branch of metaphysics concerned with the nature and relations of being744. opaque blocking the passage of radiant energy and especially light745. opprobrium public disgrace or ill fame that follows from conduct considered grossly wrong

or vicious746. opulent having a large estate or property747. orthodox conforming to established doctrine especially in religion748. oscillate to move or travel back and forth between two points749. osmosis a usually effortless often unconscious assimilation750. ossify to become hardened or conventional and opposed to change751. ostensibly outwardly appearing as such; professed; pretended752. ostentatious characterized by or given to pretentious or conspicuous show in an attempt to

impress753. overwrought extremely or excessively excited or agitated754. oxymoron an incongruous, seemingly self-contradictory effect755. pacify to bring or restore to a state of peace or tranquillity; quiet; calm756. paean any song of praise, joy, or triumph757. palatable acceptable or agreeable to the mind or feelings758. palliate to relieve or lessen without curing759. palpable readily or plainly seen, heard, perceived, etc.; obvious; evident760. pandemic prevalent throughout an entire country, continent, or the whole world;

epidemic over a large area.761. panegyric a lofty oration or writing in praise of a person or thing762. paradigm a set of forms all of which contain a particular element, especially the set of all

inflected forms based on a single stem or theme763. paradox a self-contradictory and false proposition. 764. paragon a model or pattern of excellence or of a particular excellence765. parameter limits or boundaries; guidelines766. paranoia systematized delusions and the projection of personal conflicts, which are

ascribed to the supposed hostility of others767. pariah any person or animal that is generally despised or avoided768. parody a humorous or satirical imitation of a serious piece of literature or writing769. parsimony extreme or excessive economy or frugality; stinginess770. partisan an adherent or supporter of a person, group, party, or cause771. pathology the science or the study of the origin, nature, and course of diseases772. pathos evoking a feeling of pity or compassion

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773. paucity smallness of quantity; scarcity; scantiness774. pedagogy the art or science of teaching; education; instructional methods.775. pedantic overly concerned with minute details or formalisms, especially in teaching776. pedestrian a person who goes or travels on foot; walker.777. pejorative having a disparaging, derogatory, or belittling effect or force778. pellucid allowing the maximum passage of light779. penchant a strong inclination, taste, or liking for something780. penury extreme poverty; destitution781. perfidious deliberately faithless; treacherous; deceitful782. perfunctory performed merely as a routine duty; hasty and superficial783. peripheral near the surface or outside of; external.784. permeate to pass into or through every part of785. pernicious deadly; fatal786. perpetrator a person who commits, an illegal, criminal, or evil act787. perpetuate to preserve from extinction or oblivion788. perplex to cause to be puzzled or bewildered over what is not

understood or certain; confuse mentally:789. perquisite an incidental payment, benefit, privilege, or advantage overand above regular i

ncome, salary, or wages790. persevere to persist in anything undertaken; maintain a purpose inspite of difficulty, obsta

cles, or discouragement; continue steadfastly.791. perspicacious having keen mental perception and understanding792. pertinent relating directly and significantly to the matter at hand; relevant:793. perturbation a cause of mental disquiet, disturbance, or agitation.794. peruse to read through with thoroughness or care795. pervade to become spread throughout all parts of796. pervasive spread throughout797. petulant moved to or showing sudden, impatient irritation, especially oversome trifling a

nnoyance798. philanthropist a person who practices philanthropy799. phlegmatic not easily excited to action or display of emotion; apathetic; sluggish.800. piety reverence for God or devout fulfillment of religious obligations:801. pillory a wooden framework erected on a post, with holes for securing the head and

hands, formerly used to expose an offender to public derision.802. piquant agreeably pungent or sharp in taste or flavor803. pique to affect with sharp irritation and resentment, especially by some wound to

pride804. placate to appease or pacify, especially by concessions or conciliatory gestures805. placebo a substance having no pharmacological effect but given merely to satisfy a

patient who supposes it to be a medicine806. platitude a flat, dull, or trite remark, especially one uttered as if it were fresh or profound807. plausible having an appearance of truth or reason808. plethora overabundance; excess809. pliable easily bent; flexible; supple810. pluralism a theory that there is more than one basic substance or principle

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811. polarize to divide into sharply opposing factions, political groups, etc.:812. polemic a controversial argument, as one against some opinion, doctrine, etc.813. ponderous of great weight; heavy; massive.814. porous permeable by water, air, etc.815. posthumous arising, occurring, or continuing after one's death816. postulate to ask, demand, or claim.817. pragmatic of or pertaining to a practical point of view or practical considerations818. precarious dependent on circumstances beyond one's control; uncertain; unstable;

insecure819. precede to go before, as in place, order, rank, importance, or time.820. precedent a legal decision or form of proceeding serving as an authoritative rule or pattern

in future similar or analogous cases.821. precept a commandment or direction given as a rule of action or conduct.822. precipitous very steep, perpendicular, or overhanging in rise or fall823. preclude to make impossible by necessary consequence : rule out in advance824. precocious exceptionally early in development or occurrence825. precursor one that precedes and indicates the approach of another826. predecessor something succeeded or replaced by something else827. predilection a tendency to think favorably of something in particular; partiality;preference828. predominant having ascendancy, power, authority, or influence overothers; preeminent829. preemptive taken as a measure against something possible, anticipated,or feared; preventiv

e830. preponderance superiority in weight,power, numbers, etc.831. prescience knowledge of things before they exist or happen; foreknowledge;foresight832. presumptuous unwarrantedly or impertinently bold; forward.833. presuppose to suppose or assume beforehand; take for granted in advance.834. pretense pretending or feigning; make-believe835. prevail to be widespread or current; exist everywhere or generally836. prevaricate to speak falsely or misleadingly; deliberately misstate or create an

incorrect impression; lie.837. proactive serving to prepare for, intervene in, or control an expectedoccurrence or situati

on838. probity integrity and uprightness; honesty.839. proclivity natural or habitual inclination or tendency; propensity;predisposition840. procrustean tending to produce conformity by violent or arbitrary means.841. procure to obtain or get by care, effort, or the use of special means842. prodigal wastefully or recklessly extravagant843. prodigious extraordinary in size, amount, extent, degree, force, etc844. profligate utterly and shamelessly immoral or dissipated; thoroughly dissolute.845. profuse spending or giving freely and in large amount, often to excess846. proliferate to grow by rapid production of new parts, cells, buds, or offspring847. prolific producing young or fruit especially freely848. prolix unduly prolonged or drawn out : too long849. promulgate to make (as a doctrine) known by open declaration850. propagate to cause to continue or increase by sexual or asexual reproduction

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851. propensity a natural inclination or tendency:852. propinquity nearness in place; proximity.853. propitiate to make favorably inclined; appease; conciliate.

854. propitious presenting favorable conditions; favorable:855. propound to put forward or offer for consideration, acceptance, or adoption; set forth;

propose:856. prosaic commonplace or dull; matter-of-fact or unimaginative:857. proscribe to denounce or condemn (a thing) as dangerous or harmful; prohibit.858. protean readily assuming different forms or characters; extremely variable.859. protocol the customs and regulations dealing with diplomatic formality, precedence, and

etiquette.860. protrude to project.861. provincial having or showing the manners, viewpoints, etc., considered characteristic of

unsophisticated inhabitants of a province; rustic; narrow or illiberal; parochial:862. prowess exceptional valor, bravery, or ability, especially in combat or battle.863. proximity nearness in place, time, order, occurrence, or relation.

864. prudent wise or judicious in practical affairs; sagacious; discreet or circumspect; sober.865. pundit a learned person, expert, or authority.866. pungent sharply affecting the organs of taste or smell, as if by a penetrating power;

biting; acrid.867. punitive serving for, concerned with, or inflicting punishment868. purported reputed or claimed; alleged:869. putative commonly regarded as such; reputed; supposed:870. qualm an uneasy feeling or pang of conscience as to conduct; compunction:871. quandary a state of perplexity or uncertainty, especially as to what to do; dilemma.

872. quasi resembling; seeming; virtual:873. quell to suppress; put an end to; extinguish:874. querulous full of complaints; complaining.875. quiescent being at rest; quiet; still; inactive or motionless:876. quintessential of the pure and essential essence of something:877. quixotic extravagantly chivalrous or romantic; visionary, impractical, or impracticable.878. ramification outgrowth; consequence; implication:879. rampant violent in action or spirit; raging; furious:880. rapacious given to seizing for plunder or the satisfaction of greed.881. rapport relation; connection, especially harmonious or sympathetic relation:882. rational agreeable to reason; reasonable; sensible:883. rationale the fundamental reason or reasons serving to account for something.884. raucous harsh; strident; grating:885. rebuff a blunt or abrupt rejection, as of a person making advances.886. rebut to refute by evidence or argument.887. recalcitrant resisting authority or control; not obedient or compliant; refractory.888. recant to withdraw or disavow

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889. recidivist repeated or habitual relapse, as into crime.890. recluse a person who lives in seclusion or apart from society, often for religious

meditation.891. recondite dealing with very profound, difficult, or abstruse subject matter892. rectify to make, put, or set right; remedy; correct893. redress To set right; remedy or rectify. To make amends to. To make amends for.894. redundant characterized by verbosity or unnecessary repetition in expressing ideas895. refractory hard or impossible to manage; stubbornly disobedient896. refute to prove to be false or erroneous, as an opinion or charge.897. relegate to send or consign to an inferior position, place, or condition898. remuneration reward; pay899. rend to tear apart, split, or divide900. renounce to give up or put aside voluntarily901. replete fully or abundantly provided or filled902. replicate Duplicate or repeat903. reprehensible worthy of or deserving REPREHENSION : CULPABLE904. reprobate to condemn strongly as unworthy, unacceptable, or evil905. repudiate to refuse to have anything to do with906. repugnant exciting distaste or aversion907. rescind to take away : REMOVE908. residual a residual product or substance909. resilient capable of withstanding shock without permanent deformation or rupture910. resolute marked by firm determination911. respite a period of temporary delay912. resplendent shining brilliantly : characterized by a glowing splendor913. reticent inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in speech914. retract to draw back or in915. retrospect a review of or meditation on past events916. revamp REMAKE, REVISE, RENOVATE, RECONSTRUCT 917. revulsion a strong pulling or drawing away918. rife prevalent especially to an increasing degree919. rotund marked by roundness920. rubric a guide listing specific criteria for grading or scoring academic papers, projects,

or tests921. rudimentary consisting in first principles : FUNDAMENTAL922. sacrilege gross irreverence toward a hallowed person, place, or thing923. sagacious of keen and farsighted penetration and judgment924. salient projecting beyond a line, surface, or level; standing out conspicuously925. salutary producing a beneficial effect926. sanction authoritative permission or approval, as for an action. 927. sanguine cheerfully optimistic, hopeful, or confident:928. satire the use of irony, sarcasm, ridicule, or the like, in exposing, denouncing, or

deriding vice, folly, etc. 929. saturnine sluggish in temperament; gloomy; taciturn. 930. savory pleasant or agreeable in taste or smell:

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931. scant barely sufficient in amount or quantity; not abundant; almost inadequate932. schism division or disunion, especially into mutually opposed parties. 933. scrupulous punctiliously or minutely careful, precise, or exact934. scrutiny a searching examination or investigation; minute inquiry. 935. seamless smoothly continuous or uniform in quality; combined in an inconspicuous way936. sedentary accustomed to sit or rest a great deal or to take little exercise. 937. sedulous diligent in application or attention; persevering; assiduous.938. seminal highly original and influencing the development of future events939. sententious abounding in pithy aphorisms or maxims940. sequester to remove or withdraw into solitude or retirement; seclude. 941. serene calm, peaceful, or tranquil; unruffled:942. serpentine having a winding course, as a road; sinuous. 943. servile slavishly submissive or obsequious; fawning:944. shard a fragment, especially of broken earthenware. 945. simile a figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicitly compared946. sinuous having many curves, bends, or turns; winding947. sloth habitual disinclination to exertion; indolence; laziness.948. slough an area of soft, muddy ground; swamp or swamplike region. 949. solemn grave, sober, or mirthless, as a person, the face, speech, tone, or mood950. solicit to seek for (something) by entreaty, earnest or respectful request, formal

application, etc951. somber 952. soporific 953. spacious 954. spate 955. spate 956. specious 957. spectrum 958. splenetic 959. spontaneous 960. sporadic 961. spurious 962. squalid 963. stagnant 964. staid 965. static 966. stigma 967. stipulate 968. stoic 969. stratagem 970. stratify 971. stupor 972. subjugate 973. subliminal 974. subside

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975. subsidize 976. substantiate 977. substantive 978. subterfuge 979. subtle 980. succinct 981. suffice 982. suffuse 983. sullen 984. sumptuous 985. sunder 986. superficial 987. superfluous 988. superlative 989. supersede 990. suppress 991. surfeit 992. surmise 993. surreptitious 994. susceptible 995. sycophant 996. synchronize 997. synopsis 998. syntax 999. synthesis 1000. systemic 1001. tacit 1002. taciturn 1003. tangential 1004. tangible 1005. taut 1006. tawdry 1007. tedium 1008. teem 1009. temerity 1010. tenacious 1011. tendentious 1012. tenuous 1013. tepid 1014. terse 1015. timorous 1016. tirade 1017. torpid 1018. tortuous 1019. tractable

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1020. transcend 1021. transient 1022. transitory 1023. translucent 1024. transparent 1025. transpire 1026. trenchant 1027. trepidation 1028. truculence 1029. turbid 1030. turbulence 1031. turgid 1032. turpitude 1033. ubiquitous 1034. ulterior 1035. unilateral 1036. uninterested 1037. unkempt 1038. unobtrusive 1039. untoward 1040. upbraid 1041. utopian 1042. vacillate 1043. vacuity 1044. vacuous 1045. vapid 1046. vehement 1047. veneer 1048. venerate 1049. verdant 1050. verity 1051. viable 1052. vicarious 1053. vilify 1054. virtuoso 1055. virulent 1056. vituperation 1057. vociferous 1058. volatile 1059. voluble 1060. voracious 1061. warrant 1062. zeal

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