UNIT 10 – PERSONALITY

Key Terms and Concepts:Humanistic TheoriesSelf-Actualization

Unconditional Positive RegardSelf Concept

57-1: How did humanist psychologists view personality, and what was their goal in studying personality?

Maslow & Rogers

Self-actualization, unconditional positive regard

57-2: How did humanist psychologists assess a person’s sense of self?

57-3: How has the humanist perspective influenced psychology? What criticisms has it faced?

Key Terms and Concepts:TraitPersonality Inventory

MMPIEmpirically Derived Test

58-1: How do psychologists use traits to describe personality?

Hans and Sybil Eysenck

Factor analysis

58-2: What are personality inventories, and what are their strengths and weaknesses as trait-assessment tools?

MMPI

58-3: Which traits seem to provide the most useful information about personality variation?

The Big Five

58-4: Does research support the consistency of personality traits over time and across situations?

Key Terms and Concepts:Social-Cognitive PerspectiveBehavioral ApproachReciprocal DeterminismPositive PsychologySelfSpotlight Effect

Self-EsteemSelf-EfficacySelf-Serving BiasNarcissismIndividualismCollectivism

59-1: Who first proposed the social-cognitive perspective, and how do social-cognitive theorists view personality development?

Albert Bandura

Social-cognitive perspective, behavioral approach

Reciprocal determinism

Optimism vs. pessimism

59-2: How do social-cognitive researchers explore behavior, and what criticism have they faced?

59-3: Why has psychology generated so much research on the self? How important is self-esteem to psychology and to human well-being?

Spotlight effect

Self-esteem

59-4: What evidence reveals self-serving bias, and how do defensive and secure self-esteem differ?

Self-serving bias

Narcissism

59-5: How do individualist and collectivist cultures influence people?

Individualism

Collectivist