World Cultures Midterm Review

Matching

Match each item with the correct statement below.a. Jericho f. epicb. mud brick g. artifactsc. Hittites h. Paleolithicd. empire i. irrigatione. Mesopotamia j. Nebuchadnezzar

1. things made by humans long ago

2. “Old Stone Age”

3. developed a way of making iron strong enough to use for weapons

4. a long poem that tells the story of a hero

5. a group of many different lands under one ruler

6. Chaldean king who built the Hanging Gardens to please his wife

7. one of the oldest known cities

8. building dams, channels, walls, and ditches to bring water to crops

9. “cradle of civilization”

10. Sumerian building material

Match each item with the correct statement below.a. astronomers f. fossilsb. Çatal Hüyük g. Ninevehc. ziggurat h. nomadsd. Assyrians i. scribese. Neolithic j. Gilgamesh

11. traces of plants or animals preserved in rock

12. record keepers who often went on to become government officials

13. one of the oldest known cities, in present-day Turkey

14. hero of an epic who travels around the world performing great deeds

15. site of one of the world’s first libraries

16. people who study heavenly bodies

17. first large army to use iron weapons

18. people who regularly move from place to place

19. “New Stone Age”

20. grand temple with a shrine at the top, like a giant square wedding cake

Match each item with the correct statement below.a. Hapi f. Middle Kingdomb. papyrus g. Saharac. pharaoh h. Hatshepsutd. the Great Pyramid i. pyramide. Isis j. Nile

21. ruled the underworld with her husband Osiris

22. believed to be the son of Re, the sun god

23. entrance always faced north

24. world’s longest river

25. goddess who ruled the Nile River

26. female pharaoh who concentrated on building the Egyptian economy

27. largest desert in the world

28. used in papermaking

29. golden age of prosperity, achievement, and stability in Egypt

30. tallest building in the world for 4,000 years

Match each item to the correct statement below.a. cataract f. Upper Egyptb. Isis g. Kemetc. savannas h. Ramses IId. Memphis i. Hyksose. Khufu j. Thebes

31. represented loyal wife and mother

32. capital of Egypt during the Middle Kingdom

33. built the Great Pyramid at Giza

34. added during the New Kingdom

35. wild rapids formed by boulders and narrow cliffs

36. western Asian people who conquered Egypt

37. Egyptian name for Egypt, means “the Black Lands”

38. capital of Egypt during the Old Kingdom

39. greatest of the New Kingdom pharaohs

40. grasslands south of Egypt

Match each item with the correct statement below.a. Talmud f. Solomonb. monotheism g. Hanukkahc. Assyrians and Chaldeans h. Israeld. exile i. Nebuchadnezzare. Ten Commandments j. Sabbath

41. wanted Canaan for control of trade routes through it

42. formed the basic moral laws of many nations

43. commemorates the cleansing of the temple by the Maccabees

44. teachings about the Torah and record of Jewish law

45. Chaldean king who captured Jerusalem and exiled 10,000 Jews

46. belief that there is only one God; became the basis for Islam and Christianity

47. weekly day of worship and rest

48. name given to the descendants of Jacob; means “one who struggles with God”

49. king who built the temple in Jerusalem

50. being forced to leave one’s homeland

Match each item with the correct statement below.a. Canaan f. Babylonian Captivity

b. David g. Diasporac. Cyrus h. droughtd. Torah i. prophetse. Israelites j. Palestine

51. first part of the Hebrew Bible

52. Jews living outside Judah; Greek word meaning “scattered”

53. drove the Philistines out of Israel, and moved the capital to Jerusalem

54. name given to Judah by Romans; refers to the Philistines

55. Persian king who allowed Jews to return to Judah

56. period of time when Jews were sent to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar

57. warned that going to a temple was not enough; all must work for a just society

58. caused Israelites to leave Canaan and go to Egypt

59. present-day Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan

60. descendants of Abraham who left Mesopotamia and settled in Canaan

Match each item with the correct statement below.a. satrapies f. Periclesb. philosophers g. Doriansc. ephors h. Spartans

d. oligarchy i. polise. 20 j. agora

61. focused on military service

62. open area used for a meeting place and a market

63. made Athens more democratic

64. Persian provinces

65. brought iron weapons to the Greeks

66. thinkers who ponder questions about life

67. like a tiny, independent country

68. form of government used by the Spartans

69. age at which Spartan men entered the regular army

70. enforced laws and collected taxes in Sparta

Match each item with the correct statement below.a. Athens f. hoplitesb. Age of Pericles g. Parthenonc. satraps h. peninsulad. tyrant i. upper-class Athenian

womene. Cyrus the Great j. strait

71. a narrow body of water with land on both sides

72. Workers hauled 20,000 tons of marble and took 15 years to build this.

73. rules with total authority

74. “protectors of the kingdom”

75. time of great creativity and learning in Athens

76. focused on government and education

77. King of Persia

78. could not leave home without a male relative

79. ordinary citizens in the army

80. a body of land with water on three sides

Match each item with the correct statement below.a. Sophocles f. Mount Olympusb. Macedonia g. Alexanderc. Sophists h. Pythagorasd. myth i. Stoicse. Hellenistic Era j. Thucydides

81. a commander in the army at 16 and a king at 20

82. a traditional story about gods and heroes

83. considered by some to be the greatest historian of the ancient world

84. taught that the universe followed the same rules as music and numbers

85. Greece’s northern neighbor

86. taught that happiness came from reason and doing one’s duty

87. taught that there was no absolute right and wrong

88. dramatist who used painted scenery and three actors to tell a story

89. highest mountain in Greece

90. a time when Greek culture spread throughout the non-Greek world

Match each item with the correct statement below.a. Herodotus f. Demosthenesb. Lighthouse at Alexandria g. Socratesc. Zeus h. Epicurusd. Alexander the Great i. Aristophanese. Euripides j. Euclid

91. taught that absolute right and wrong did exist

92. one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

93. chief god of the Greeks

94. taught that happiness, the goal of life, came from spending time with friends

95. wrote plays that poked fun at politicians and encouraged the audience to think

96. tried to warn the Athenians that Philip II was a threat to them

97. built one of the greatest cities of the ancient world and named it after himself

98. “the father of history”

99. studied how points, lines, angles, and planes relate to one another

100. dramatist who questioned traditional thinking about war

Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

101. Skilled workers who made metal products, cloth, or pottery are calleda. priests. c. scribes.b. artisans. d. heroes.

102. Who wrote a legal code that covered most areas of daily life?a. Hammurabi c. Nebuchadnezzar

b. Gilgamesh d. Nineveh

103. People who study and write about the human past are calleda. scribes. c. astronomers.b. historians. d. nomads.

104. The Sumerian writing system was calleda. Sargon. c. cuneiform.b. Cyrillian. d. hieroglyphics.

105. The center of the Chaldean empire was ata. Nineveh. c. Çatal Hüyük.b. Jericho. d. Babylon.

106. A mixture of copper and tin is calleda. brass. c. platinum.b. amber. d. bronze.

107. Times of extreme cold when great sheets of ice covered parts of the earth were thea. Ice Ages. c. Stone Ages.b. Bronze Age. d. Golden Ages.

108. Artisans, merchants, farmers, and fishers made up this group.a. lower class c. business class

b. middle class d. upper class

109. A group of traveling merchants is called aa. fleet. c. flotilla.b. gaggle. d. caravan.

110. Which tool(s) might indicate that a society wore clothing?a. spear, bow and arrow c. bone needlesb. fishhook d. all of the above

111. Which tools might indicate that a society hunted animals?a. spear, bow and arrow c. scraping toolsb. sharp-edged tools d. all of the above

112. Which tools would be useful for catching fish?a. bone harpoon and c. bow and arrow

fishhookb. bone needles d. both A and B

“If any one be too lazy to keep his dam in proper condition, and does not so keep it; if then the dam break and all the fields be flooded, then shall he in whose dam the break occurred be sold for money, and the money shall replace the corn which he has caused to be ruined.”

—Code of Hammurabi,Article 53

113. The punishment for allowing one’s dam to flood everyone’s fields isa. to pay for ruined crops. c. to be sold into slavery.b. 60 lashes in the public

square.d. both A and C

114. What condition does this law cover?a. accident c. earthquakesb. fault through laziness d. all of the above

115. Who gets the money from the penalty?a. the criminal’s family c. the owners of the ruined

cornb. the royal treasury d. none of the above

116. ____ study artifacts and fossils to help them understand the past.a. Astronomers c. Historiographersb. Anthropologists d. Archaeologists

117. The ____ rebelled against the Assyrians.a. Babylonians c. Sumeriansb. Chaldeans d. Hittites

118. The first kings were probablya. scribes. c. war heroes.b. farmers. d. artisans.

119. Which of these are Sumerian inventions?a. plow c. wheelb. sailboat d. all of the above

120. Taming an animal or plant for use by humans is calleda. enslavement. c. domestication.b. attachment. d. encampment.

121. Which of the following were members of the upper class?a. kings and priests c. merchants and tradersb. artisans d. scribes

122. Who was the king of the Akkadians who conquered all of Mesopotamia?a. Paul c. Gilgameshb. Sargon d. Hammurabi

123. ____ helped ideas spread around the world.a. Heroes c. Epicsb. Trade d. Farming

124. Something that passes to the children when the parent dies isa. secondary. c. hereditary.b. tertiary. d. reactionary.

125. These people built a great army to protect their lands from invasion.a. Egyptians c. Chaldeansb. Babylonians d. Assyrians

126. In the Neolithic Age, mena. herded, farmed, and hunted.b. farmed and hunted.c. cared for children and farmed.d. herded, farmed, and protected the village.

127. What kind of food did people eat during the Paleolithic Age?a. nuts, berries, and grains c. milk and meatb. nuts, corn, and wheat d. berries, grain, and

potatoes

128. Which advancement was made during the Neolithic Age?a. writingb. specializing in simple toolsc. using copper and bronzed. building stone houses

“Hatshepsut assumed the regency, but very shortly usurped the throne and ordered herself crowned pharoah, as selected by the god Amon-Re. She adopted the false beard signifying wisdom worn only by pharoahs, and occasionally she was depicted wearing masculine garb as well. An extraordinary and able monarch, she forswore the military conquests of her forebears and concentrated instead on commercial enterprises. She sent a trade expedition to Punt that brought back many treasures with which to adorn the impressive edifices and monuments built during her approximately 20-year reign.”

—Guida M. Jackson, Women Who Ruled

129. A false beard signified a pharaoh’sa. power. c. success.b. wisdom. d. beauty.

130. During her reign, Hatshepsut focused ona. commercial enterprises. c. masculine garb.b. military conquests. d. the regency.

131. Usurped probably meansa. “built.” c. “took.”b. “gave away.” d. “destroyed.”

132. Hatshepsut sent a trade expedition to what land?a. Amon-Re c. Edificesb. Assyria d. Punt

133. What conclusion can you draw about Hatshepsut?a. She was weak and disliked.b. She was sneaky and tricked people.c. She was devoted to military conquests.d. She was peaceful and successful.

134. In which dynasty did the reign of the pharaohs end?a. Kingdom c. New Kingdomb. Middle Kingdom d. Old Kingdom

135. During which time period did the Hyksos conquer Egypt?a. 1700-1550 B.C. c. 1550–1080 B.C.b. 2600-2300 B.C. d. A.D. 2050–1700

136. Also known as Menes, he united Upper and Lower Egypt.a. Ramses II c. Narmerb. Piye d. Tutankhamen

137. The Nile River’s flooding could be described asa. cataclysmic. c. gentle and dependable.b. destructive. d. rare.

138. The king who drove the Hyksos out of Egypt wasa. Amenhotep. c. Amon Re.b. Meroë. d. Ahmose.

139. What crops did the Egyptians grow?a. sorghum and rye c. flax, wheat, and barleyb. rice and beans d. millet and oats

140. The forced payments sent to the pharaoh by conquered peoples are calleda. tribute. c. taxes.b. surveys. d. none of the above

141. The capital of Kush, located on a trade route, wasa. Giza. c. Napata.b. Ur. d. Kerma.

142. An embalmed body wrapped in cloth strips is aa. corpse. c. copse.b. mummy. d. cadaver.

143. Which is NOT a similarity between Egypt and Mesopotamia?a. located along river(s) c. a written languageb. flat plains d. farming and trade

144. Which advancement did Egypt make?a. 365-day calendar c. cuneiform writingb. number system based on

12d. sailboat

145. Mesopotamia had ____ floods.a. dependable and regular c. unpredictable but safeb. dependable and not

regulard. unpredictable and

threatening

Herodotus said “The Nile, when it floods, spreads over not only the Delta but parts of what are called Libya and Arabia for two days’ journey in either direction, more or less. . . .This that I have mentioned was the subject of my persistent asking why, and also why it is that it is the only river that has no breezes blowing from it.”

—Herodotus, The History, 2.19

146. How far could one walk before finding the end of the Nile’s flood?a. two miles c. two leaguesb. two weeks’ journey d. two days’ journey

147. What lands beside Egypt does the Nile flood?a. Mesopotamia c. Libya and Arabiab. Ethiopia d. Narmer

148. What does Herodotus question about the Nile in this quote?

a. its great floods c. its towering forestsb. It has no breezes blowing

from it.d. its enormous length

149. A line of rulers that passes power from father to son is aa. delta. c. dynasty.b. scimitar. d. reign.

150. The Egyptian invention to prevent the pharaoh’s body from decomposing wasa. mummy. c. pyramids.b. surveying. d. embalming.

151. The chief god of the Egyptians wasa. Bel. c. Osiris.b. Re. d. Tutankhamen.

152. Who tried to give the Egyptians a new religion?a. Amenhotep c. Thebesb. Ramses II d. Osiris

153. Which of these was a result of the Nile River’s flooding?a. development of

papermakingc. development of surveying

b. fertile soil d. both B and C

154. Today we call it Sudan. The ancient Egyptians called ita. Giza. c. Ethiopia.b. Memphis. d. Nubia.

155. The woman pharaoh who concentrated on building the Egyptian economy wasa. Nefertari. c. Ahmose.b. Hatshepsut. d. Isis.

156. Egyptians traded fora. iron weapons and tools.b. ivory and gold.c. incense.d. all of the above

“Now Moses kept the flock of Jethro his father-in-law, the priest of Midian: and he led the flock to the backside of the desert and came to the mountain of God, even to Horeb. And the angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a flame of fire out of the midst of a bush: and he looked, and, behold, the bush burned with fire, and the bush was not consumed. And Moses said, I will now turn aside, and see this great sight, why the bush is not burnt. And when the Lord saw that he turned aside to see, God called unto him out of the midst of the bush, and said, Moses, Moses. And he said, Here am I.”

—Exodus 3:1–6,

Holy Bible

157. The name of the mountain of God wasa. Midian. c. Horeb.b. Jethro. d. Sinai.

158. Who called to Moses out of the burning bush?a. God c. Midianb. Jethro d. Pharaoh

159. “The bush was not consumed” meansa. the bush burned up.b. the bush only looked like it was burning.c. the bush was not burned up.d. the bush was not eaten.

160. How did Moses respond when God called his name?a. He turned aside to look.b. He kept the flock of Jethro.c. He appeared in a burning bush.d. He said, Here am I.

161. What was Moses’s work that took him out into the desert?

a. shepherd c. angelb. prophet d. farmer

“Deborah, a prophetess, the wife of Lappidoth, was leading Israel at that time. She held court under the Palm of Deborah between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim, and the Israelites came to her to have their disputes decided. She sent for Barak son of Abinoam from Kedesh in Naphtali and said to him, The Lord, the God of Israel, commands you: ‘Go, take with you ten thousand men of Naphtali and Zebulun and lead the way to Mount Tabor. I will lure Sisera, the commander of Jabin’s army, with his chariots and his troops to the Kishon River and give him into your hands.’”

—Judges 4:4–7,Holy Bible

162. Who was the leader of Israel in Deborah’s time?a. Deborah c. Barakb. Lappidoth d. Sisera

163. Who was the commander of the enemy’s forces?a. Deborah c. Barakb. Lappidoth d. Sisera

164. Where will God deliver Jabin’s army into the hands of the Israelites?a. Ramah c. Kishon Riverb. between Ramah and

Betheld. Palm of Deborah

165. According to the passage, which of these was one of Deborah’s main duties?a. leading the army c. weaving clothb. settling disputes d. conducting religious

rituals

166. Who will lead the Israelites into battle?a. Deborah c. Siserab. Barak d. Jabin

167. Why did the pharaoh let the slaves go after the tenth plague, but not before?a. The darkness had scared the pharaoh.b. The tenth plague killed the pharaoh’s son.c. Ten was a significant number in Egypt.d. The pharaoh did not want the locusts to return.

168. Which creatures did God send as plagues?a. lice, frogs, flies, and

cattlec. blood, cattle, and hail

b. flies and locusts d. frogs, lice, flies, and

locusts

169. Jewish religious teachers are calleda. professors. c. priests.b. clerics. d. rabbis.

170. ____ was a model of devotion to family held up for Jewish girls to imitate.a. Deborah c. Naomib. Hatshepsut d. Ruth

171. ____ raised 12 sons, who became the 12 tribes of Israel.a. Cyrus c. Abrahamb. Jacob d. Moses

172. ____ was the warrior-farmer anointed king by the prophet Samuel.a. Alexander c. Saulb. Ezra d. Nebuchadnezzar

173. The ____ translated the Hebrew Bible into Greek, spreading Jewish ideas.a. Essenes c. Phariseesb. Muslims d. Jews of theDiaspora

174. The faith of the Israelites became known asa. Judaism. c. Islam.b. Buddhism. d. Christianity.

175. A person thought to be instructed by God is aa. judge. c. prophet.b. scribe. d. zealot.

176. ____ refused to worship Babylonian gods and was thrown into the lion’s den.a. Samuel c. Mosesb. Daniel d. Isaiah

177. ____ lived in the desert, praying for God to deliver them from the Romans.a. Zealots c. Prophetsb. Maccabees d. Essenes

178. Ezra was a scribe who guided the writing of thea. Quran. c. Gospels.b. Book of the Dead. d. Torah.

179. The wise sayings of Solomon were written down and are calleda. adages. c. proverbs.b. psalms. d. none of these

180. They defeated the Chaldeans and conquered Babylon.a. Persians c. Greeksb. Romans d. Picts

181. Who led the Israelites out of Egypt and into the Sinai Desert?a. Jacob c. the Maccabeesb. Moses d. Pharaoh

182. Who wrote many of the Psalms?a. Abraham c. Ezrab. David d. Saul

183. The Jews met here on the Sabbath to pray and discuss their religion.a. mosques c. churchesb. plazas d. synagogues

184. Food prepared according to Jewish dietary laws is calleda. clean. c. kosher.b. approved. d. fleishig.

185. The idea that the law should apply to everybody equally is called thea. rule of law. c. Torah covenant.b. Ten Commandments. d. Code of Hammurabi.

186. ____ was the king who defeated the Persians to become ruler of Judah.a. Herod c. Samuelb. Alexander the Great d. Cyrus

187. The ____ fought the Romans for freedom and drove them out of Jerusalem in A.D. 66.a. Greeks c. Samaritansb. Sadducees d. Zealots

188. Which alphabet has the most characters for the letter “G”?a. Ancient Phoenician c. Ancient Greekb. Ancient Hebrew d. Early Roman

189. Which alphabet has a “B” that most closely resembles the modern “B”?a. Ancient Phoenician c. Ancient Greekb. Ancient Hebrew d. Early Roman

190. Which letter most closely resembles its Hebrew character?a. A c. Db. E d. R

191. Which of the following did Athenian soldiers promise to do in their oath?a. pay back loans at harvest timeb. sell themselves into slaveryc. protect the constitutiond. obey the oracle

192. Who became popular by giving land to landless farmers?a. Xerxes c. Peisistratusb. Solon d. Agamemnon

193. Why did Xerxes want to conquer Greece?a. to increase his country’s

wealthc. for revenge

b. to win glory d. all of these

194. Which of these did the Mycenaeans learn from the Minoans?a. navigation by the sun and starsb. winemakingc. making iron toolsd. pottery making

195. Spartan men could return to their homes when they werea. 20. c. 40.b. 30. d. 60.

196. The time around 600 B.C. is called the Dark Age becausea. people forgot how to make candles.b. people forgot how to read and write.c. there was a great famine.d. there was a terrible plague.

197. Early Greeks lived bya. fishing. c. herding goats and sheep.b. trade. d. all of these

198. The Athenian assembly appointed ten generals, whoa. collected taxes.b. led armies into battle.c. carried out the assembly’s laws.d. tried to increase trade.

199. Who could be citizens of Greek city-states?a. native-born men and womenb. free, native-born, land-owning menc. land-owning womend. foreign-born men

200. The Greek alphabet was based on which of these alphabets?a. Egyptian c. Mesopotamianb. Phoenician d. Syrian

201. In America, who has the right to vote?a. all citizensb. adult malesc. all citizens, 18 years and olderd. males and females

202. Athenian laws area. proposed by the council.b. signed by the president.c. approved by half the assembly.d. voted on by females.

203. In America, citizens with voting rights cana. make the laws.b. vote for or against any law.c. propose new laws.d. vote for or against the officials who make the laws.

204. The Mycenaeans came to Greece froma. Western Europe. c. Central Asia.b. India. d. China.

205. In a direct democracy, who decides government matters?a. all the people c. elected representativesb. women d. the king

206. When the Spartans needed room for expansion, theya. conquered neighboring land.b. set up colonies in Asia Minor.c. bought land from neighbors.d. all of the above

207. The Minoans made their living asa. soldiers. c. weavers.b. traders. d. farmers.

208. Xerxes was king ofa. Athens. c. Delos.b. Persia. d. Crete.

209. The Greeks won the Battle of Salamis because their shipsa. could move around

quickly.c. came from the Spartan

Navy.b. outnumbered their

enemies.d. sank.

210. Mycenaeans could pay their taxes ina. Athenian coins. c. wheat, livestock, or

honey.b. paper money. d. salt.

211. The Delian League began as an alliance toa. protect the Greeks from the Persians.b. make Athens rich.c. make trade more profitable.d. build faster ships.

Pericles’ Funeral Oration

“Our constitution is called a democracy because power is in the hands not of a minority but of the whole people. When it is a question of settling private disputes, everyone is equal before the law; When it is a question of putting one person before another in positions of public responsibility, what counts is not membership of a particular class, but the actual ability which the man possesses. No one . . . is kept [out of government] because of poverty.”

—Pericles, as recorded by Thucydides,History of the Peloponnesian War

212. Why did Pericles call his government a democracy?a. Only rich people could vote.b. Power belonged to the whole people.c. Public offices were for men only.d. none of these

213. What did the Greeks use to decide who should hold public office?a. class c. wealthb. primary elections d. ability

214. How did the Greeks apply the law?

a. Everyone was equal. c. Poor people were better.b. Women were better. d. Rich people were better.

215. What do Epicureanism and Stoicism have in common?a. The goal of life is to seek out pleasure.b. The goal of life is to enjoy friends.c. The goal of life is happiness.d. The goal of life is to do the right thing.

216. Epicureanism and Stoicism are both

a. Greek philosophies. c. duties.b. ways of making friends. d. goals.

217. Who thought that governments should be headed by philosopher-kings?a. Alexander the Great c. Aristophanesb. Plato d. Jason

218. Who freed the Greek cities in Asia Minor from Persian rule?a. Philip II c. Alexander the Greatb. Demosthenes d. Euclid

219. The Greeks hoped to earn the favor of their gods and goddesses by performinga. acrobatics. c. tragedies.b. rituals. d. dances.

220. Philip II got some Greek cities to join him by ____ them.a. conquering c. bribingb. inviting d. all of these

221. Who told King Ptolemy that “There is no royal way to learn geometry”?a. Euclid c. Aristotleb. Pythagoras d. Poseidon

222. This Macedonian king loved Greek culture and planned to conquer Persia.a. Alexander the Great c. Philip IIb. Aeschylus d. Homer

223. Homer’s epic, the Iliad, is abouta. the Trojan War. c. Gilgamesh.b. Alexander the Great. d. the oracle at Delphi.

224. Who was the goddess of wisdom and crafts?a. Aphrodite c. Athenab. Artemis d. Apollo

225. Herodotus wrotea. the Odyssey. c. the Book of the Dead.b. the History of the Persian

Wars.d. Antigone.

226. Who did Greeks call the god of the underworld?a. Aphrodite c. Herab. Athena d. Hades

227. Zeus is Aphrodite’sa. brother. c. father.b. husband. d. grandfather.

228. Artemis is the goddess ofa. love and beauty. c. wisdom.b. the hunt and wild

animals.d. marriage.

229. Who wrote the Odyssey?a. Sophocles c. Euripidesb. Homer d. Aesop

230. Aristotle taught his students to follow thea. Golden Rule. c. golden mean.b. Golden Fleece. d. none of these

231. Philip II defeated the Greeks at the Battle ofa. Troy. c. Chaeronea.b. Alexandria. d. Greece.

232. The Hellenistic Era produced a great body ofa. scientific achievement. c. literature and philosophy.b. art and architecture. d. all of the above

233. Who was sentenced to death for his teachings?a. Archimedes c. Aresb. Socrates d. Plato

234. The library here attracted scholars from all over the world.a. Babylon c. Alexandriab. Rome d. Thebes

235. Whose armies conquered the land as far east as modern Pakistan?a. Cyrus the Great c. Philip IIb. Ramses II d. Alexander the Great

236. They believed that the human mind could understand everything.a. Epicureans c. Stoicsb. Sophists d. philosophers

Essay

237. Why do some historians consider the farming revolution to be the most important event in human history?

238. What is a civilization?

239. What is a class structure?

240. What rights did ancient Egyptian women have?

241. Describe the influence of the Nile River on ancient Egyptian life.

242. What did the conquerors of Egypt have that gave them an advantage over the Egyptians?

243. Why did the Israelites fear the Philistines?

244. What Jewish beliefs are shared by Christians and Muslims?

245. Compare the lives of Spartan women and girls to the lives of Athenian women and girls.

246. Why was the Peloponnesian War bad for the winners as well as the losers?

247. Why did Alexander the Great’s empire fall apart after his death