WEATHERING AND EROSION Rock Cycle WEATHERING I. Weathering - The breakdown of rock due to exposure...
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WEATHERING AND EROSION
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Rock Cycle
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WEATHERING
I. Weathering - The breakdown of rock due to exposure to the atmosphere, weather, plants, and animals.
A. Mechanical Weathering (Physical Weathering) - Rock is split or broken into smaller material without changing its composition.
B. Chemical Weathering – Process by which rocks break down as a result of chemical reactions.
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Mechanical (Physical)Weathering
1. Ice wedging (Porus, rocks with cracks (ice heaving/Frost Action)
2. Wetting and drying (for clay containing rocks)3. Plants (lichens, mosses, shrubs, trees)4. Exfoliation (the peeling away of surface layers)
due to the relief of pressure from rocks above it.5, Expansion / Contraction (Temperature)6. Abrasion- process of breaking down by means
of friction
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ABRASION
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ABRASION BY WATER
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Abrasion – wears down or rounds
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ABRASION BY WIND
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MECHANICAL WEATHERING
Was once solid rock
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MECHANICAL WEATHERING
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ICE WEDGING
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PLANTS
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EXFOLIATION
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Exfoliation – causes rock to sheet or flake off
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Barrel cactus – breaking through rock to grow
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EXFOLIATION
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WEATHERING
B. Chemical Weathering - Break down of rocks when the rock minerals are changed to different substances.
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Chemical Weathering1. Hydrolysis - chemical reaction with water and other
substances (feldspar, hornblende, augite) these combine to form clay.
2. Oxidation - chemical reaction with oxygen and other substances. (Iron bearing substances) , (red soil in Carolina & Virgina)
3. Carbonic acid/Carbonation - Carbon dioxide dissolves in H2O to form carbonic acid. (found in soda), P,Na,Mg and Ca (forms caves)
4. Acid Rain - sulfur from cars and coal/oil plants5. Plants/Animals (Lichens) - produce rock dissolving
acids
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CHEMICAL WEATHERING
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sw58a4yjFtc
Carbonation Clip
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Details worn away by chemical weathering
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Acid Rain
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Oxidation
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Hydrolysis -Reaction of any substance with water
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Chemical Weathering-Water molecules "pull" apart a mineral (dissolve it)
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Plants can grow on rocks and produce weak acids that can break down rock.
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Organic WeatheringLichen breaking Lichen breaking
down rockdown rock
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Bird dropping weathering
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RATES OF WEATHERING
II. Rates of Weathering
1. The rocks themselves - Igneous and metamorphic most resistant, sedimentary least resistant because of pores.
2. Surface Area – More surface area = faster weathering
3. Climate - Warm and wet = chemical weathering
Cold and Dry = mechanical weathering
4. Topography
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http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/search/assetDetail.cfm?guidAssetID=6B1E329E-5A77-4B36-BFA9-1D307F75441C
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Weathering
Get on the online book and go to chapter 14.
Select the visual concepts and watch the clips on physical and chemical weathering.
http://my.hrw.com/tabnav/controller.jsp?isbn=003036339x
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EROSIONIV. EROSION- The breakup and removal of rock by moving natural agents (gravity, glaciers, wind, water)
A. Water Erosion
1. Rain
a. Sheet wash - thin sheets of soil removed prevent by - grass, continued plowing, crop rotation, strip crop, terraces
b.Gullying - valleys in sloped land - farms
2. Running water - most effective agent of erosion
a. stream, river, creek
b. Stream abrasion - grinding away of rock from bed or bank.
c. The faster the river moves = more “stuff” it can carry
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EROSIONB. Wind Erosion - just as water; only less powerful
1. Abrasion - wearing down of particles
2.Deflation - removal of loose particles by wind - the most important effect by wind
3. Dunes - sand piled up, moved by wind
C. Glaciers – most powerful agent of erosion
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Gullying
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DEFLATION
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DUNES
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Arches National Park
Wind abrasion
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EROSIONIV. EROSION- The breakup and removal of rock by moving natural agents (rivers, glaciers, wind, water)
A. Mass movements - Earth material down a slope caused by gravity.
1. Creep - Very, Very slow down slope movement of soil. (water in soil adds to it)
a. Talus - Loose rock fragments at base of cliffs
2. Landslides - sudden movement of bedrock or loose rocks down a cliff.
3. Slumps - small landslides on hills
4. Mudflow - fast movement of water saturated clay and silt.
5. Avalanche
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TALUS
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Landslide – mass movement
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LANDSLIDE
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LANDSLIDE
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Landslide – mass movement
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CREEP
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Creep
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SLUMPS
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SLUMPS
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SLUMP
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MUDFLOW
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The Colorado River weather and eroded way for 1,000s of years
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Brought to us by the Colorado River
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