Chapter 10

Weather vs ClimateDuration of events is keyWhich leaves a record?

Heat transfer occurs by:

Conduction atomic or molecular transfer

Convection mass movement

Radiation wave-like energy emitted

Annual energy flow

Variations in air pressureWith increased altitude

Relative contribution of greenhouse gases to global warming

Role of variable gases and how they changeCarbon dioxideAnthropogenic sourcesNatural sourcesWater vaporAir temp controls amounts in atmosphereOzoneShield to UV raysAttacked by CFCs and freonMethaneDecay of organic material; coal mines; animalsHalocarbonsCl, F and Br compounds; anthropogenicAerosols [microscopic liquids and solids]Desert dust, wildfires, volcanic gases

Significant temperature changes in last 130 years

Oceanic conveyor belt

Polar jetConcave southConcave northNote differences

Stages of development are distinct

Generation of electrical charges is key

17Thunderstorm factsAbout 16 million occur worldwide each yearFlorida has about 100 thunderstorm days per year; Uganda has about 2401,800 occur at any given momentAll produce lightning; severe storms produce hail which can travel up to 100 mphAll regions experience some activity

Storms that produced hail having an avg diameter > in

Lightning deaths during period 1959-2001

Organizational stage 1,000Joplin, MO 22mi grndApril 24, 1908MS, LA143/770Amite/Pine/Purvis TornJune 12, 1899WI117/200New Richmond TornadoJune 8, 1953MI115/844Flint TornadoTop 10 killer tornadoes