Weaning Diet Saadah
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Transcript of Weaning Diet Saadah
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Nurus Saadah Mohd FadzilZaini BahariNur Aqilah
-Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim(HSAH)
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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
10 million children under the age of 5years old die each year. More than half of
the deaths occur because of malnutrition. While if at all feasible breastfeeding is
recommended during the first six months,the most vulnerable period for developing
under-nutrition remains the transition frombreastfeeding to family foods (WHO,2001)
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Energy required by age &the amount supplied from
breast milk
Brown KH et al, FNB, 2002
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The Iron Gap
rown KH et al, FNB, 2002
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WEANING DIETWEANING DIET
The process of giving an infant foodin addition to breast milk or infant
formula, when either becomesinsufficient to satisfy the infant'snutritional requirements. (WHO)
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ONE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE
AIMS OFAIMS OF
COMPLEMENTARYCOMPLEMENTARY
FEEDING:FEEDING:
The child cannot tolerateThe child cannot tolerate
more than one liter of fluidmore than one liter of fluid
per day. So, with increasingper day. So, with increasingneeds for energy solidneeds for energy solid
foods should be added.foods should be added.
Growing babyGrowing baby
requires morerequires more
minerals andminerals and
vitamins whichvitamins whichcannot be suppliedcannot be supplied
by milk.by milk.
To train the childTo train the child
on spoonon spoon
feeding, chewing,feeding, chewing,
and swallowingand swallowing
of solids.of solids.
To train theTo train the
gastrointestinalgastrointestinal
tract to digesttract to digeststarch and otherstarch and other
solid foods.solid foods.
To educate theTo educate the
childchild
independenceindependenceby using spoonby using spoon
and cup to feedand cup to feed
himself.himself.
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WHEN TO FEED?WHEN TO FEED?
Healthy infants reachdevelopmental readiness to begincomplementary foods between 4
and 6 months old (Community NutritionPack Sheffield Community DietitiansApril,2009).WHY?
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The infants intestinal tract developsThe infants intestinal tract develops
immunologically with defenseimmunologically with defense
mechanismsmechanisms
to protect the infant from foreignto protect the infant from foreign
proteinsproteins(thus, the risk of hypersensitive (aller(thus, the risk of hypersensitive (allerg
reactions to the proteins inreactions to the proteins in
complementarycomplementary
foods is reduced).foods is reduced).
The infants ability to digest andThe infants ability to digest and
absorb proteins, fats, andabsorb proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates,other than those incarbohydrates,other than those in
breast milk and formula, increasesbreast milk and formula, increasesrapidly.rapidly.The infants kidneys develop theThe infants kidneys develop the
ability to excrete the wasteability to excrete the waste
products from foods with a highproducts from foods with a high
renal solute load, such as meat.renal solute load, such as meat.The infant develops theThe infant develops theneuromuscularneuromuscular
mechanisms needed formechanisms needed for
recognizing andrecognizing and
accepting a spoon, masticating,accepting a spoon, masticating,swallowinswallowin
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Early introduction (prior to 4) leads to:Early introduction (prior to 4) leads to:
Choke on the foodChoke on the food
Develop food hypersensitivitiesDevelop food hypersensitivities(allergies)-immature GIT(allergies)-immature GIT
Consume less than the appropriateConsume less than the appropriate
amount of breast milk or infantamount of breast milk or infant
formulaformulalack nutrient/mom risk forlack nutrient/mom risk forpregnantpregnant
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BABY SIGNAL
Baby can hold her head up Baby can sit up, supported by your arm
or a chair back
Baby makes munching motions whentheres nothing in her mouth Baby likes bringing her hands and toys
to her mouth
Baby has been feeding frequently buthasnt been gaining weight, or the rateof weight gain has significantly slowed
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TECHNIQUE OF WEANINGTECHNIQUE OF WEANING
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Bread, potatoes and other cerealsCooked and pureed potatoes, sweet potato, plantain, smoothcereals. Give 1-2 servings per day.
Fruit & VegetablesSoft cooked fruit and vegetables as a smooth puree for
example carrot, parsnip, apple, pear, and banana. Give 1-2servings per day.
Meat & AlternativesSoft cooked meat and pulses as a puree. At least 1 serving perday.
Commercially prepared weaning foods (stage 1) are suitablebut have no advantage over home prepared food.
Cows milk products such as smooth unsweetened yoghurt,custard and small amounts of cheese sauce may be given atthis stage but should not be the initial weaning food.
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A wider variety of solid foods should gradually be introducedIt is important to introduce lumpy foods by 6-7 months-they aremore receptive to changes in texture
Bread, potatoes and other cerealsStart to introduce more cereals including wholemeal bread.
Introduce lumpier texture finger foods for example toast. Give 2-3 servings per day.
Fruit & VegetablesCooked fruit and vegetables coarse, mashed texture. Raw softfruit and vegetables as finger foods. Give 2 servings per day.
Meat & AlternativesSoft cooked mince or pureed meat, fish and pulses. Hard boiledegg can be used as a finger food. Give 1 serving per day.
Finger foods such as bread fingers, slices of peeled fruit orvegetables
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Bread, potatoes and other cerealsGive starchy foods of a normal adult texture. Give 3-4 servingsper day
Fruit & VegetablesLightly cooked or raw fruit and vegetables. Give chopped as
finger foods. Give 3-4 servings per day.
Meat & AlternativesMinced or chopped cooked meat, fish and pulses. Give aminimum of 1 serving per day from animal source or 2 servingsfrom vegetable sources.
Aim for 3 meals per day plus snacks.
Discourage high fat and high sugar snack foods and food givenasrewards as this can lead to poor eating habits.
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Bread, potatoes and other cerealsGive starchy foods of a normal adult texture
Fruit & VegetablesGive fruit and vegetables of a normal adult texture.(a childshandful/d). If unsweetened fruit juice is given it is best given at a
meal time to prevent dental decay and increase iron absorptionfrom food.
Meat & AlternativesEncourage lean meat and oily fish. Give a minimum of 1 servingper day from animal sources or 2 servings from vegetable
sources.
Avoid adding sugar to drinks.Avoid snacking on foods high in fat, sugar and salt.Parents should be encouraged to eat with their children toencourage good eating habits.Infants have a high requirement for energy relative to their small
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FEEDING FREQUENCYFEEDING FREQUENCY
6-8 months: Feed 2-3 times a day 8-12 months: Feed 3-4 times a day 12 months and above: Feed 1-2 times a day,
with nutritious snacks added (bread/soft
fruits)
When baby is ill: Breastfeed more frequently.
Give soft, appetizing foods that baby likes. Encourage baby to eat more until he regains
any weight lost.
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IS COMMERCIAL BABYIS COMMERCIAL BABY
FOOD OK?FOOD OK?
Check the label on the packaging tomake sure that it contains noartificial additives, flavourings,
colourings, added salt or sugar.When buying fruit juice, choose100% juice with no added sugar.
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6 months
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8-12 months
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1-3 years