J E N N I F E R D U N C A N , U T A H S T A T E , C O L L E C T I O N D E V E L O P M E N T

C A R O L K O C H A N , U T A H S T A T E , R E S O U R C E S H A R I N G

L A R S L E O N , U N I V E R S I T Y O F K A N S A S , R E S O U R C E S H A R I N G

We Sincerely Regret to Inform You That the Material You Have

Requested is Unavailable Via Interlibrary Loan

What is the impact of local collection development decisions

on consortium resource sharing agreements?

MY COLLEAGUES ARE BUYINGMATERIALS THAT WE AREN’T

BUYING AND THEY WILL BE ABLE TO SHARE THEM WITH US….

CD Assumption

And then the realization that this may no longer be true….

Are There Lendable Copies?

We have more to buy and less to spend.

As the overall growth of the corpus of our collection slows, are we duplicating the right titles?

As libraries rapidly move away from prospective buying and ever more rapidly toward DDA purchasing, which titles are we missing—in the shared collection?

As schools move ever more quickly toward e-book acquisition our partners may have the book we need, but not in a lendable format.

MY COLLEAGUES ARE BUYING MATERIALS THAT WE ARE

ABLE TO BORROW….

RS Assumption

And then the realization that this may no longer be true….

CAN I Borrow a Copy?

There is not a copy in my consortium, it will take longer to arrive and most likely have a shorter loan period.

Patrons want to borrow a book that my colleagues only have in e-format and I CAN’T get it (or my patron doesn’t want it)

There are material types that people want to borrow that we just CAN’T GET

People are discovering more than ever and we literally CAN’T KEEP UP (internal and external customers)

Question & Methods

Schools in Group A have tiny budgets

Schools in Group A will be our heaviest borrowers

Schools in Group B have cut their approval profile

Schools in Group B will be heavy borrowers

Schools in Group C have very restrictive ILL borrowing policies

Schools in Group C will not draw on the system as heavily

Schools in Group D heavily market their ILL service

Schools in Group D will end up being heavy borrowers

Schools in Group E rely more on other cosortia partners

Be heavy lenders in this group

What Types of Questions Did We Ask?

Is PDA/DDA central to your library's collection development strategy? Does your library have an approval plan? Does your library have an e-preferred or e-only policy for acquiring new scholarly

monographs? Will you purchase print copies of titles you own in electronic format if a patron

makes a specific request? Do you purchase textbooks for your collection? Do you consider GWLA collections, accessed via resource sharing, to be a part of

your library's collection development strategy? Does your discovery layer and/or library catalog prompt patrons to request

returnable materials not available at your library? Do you have any type of marketing strategy to encourage your patrons to borrow

nonreturnable items not available at your library? What is your policy on borrowing textbooks and/or required course materials? What is your policy on borrowing popular titles? Do you allow patrons to borrow items that are checked out at your library? Do you allow your patrons to borrow print copies of books your library owns

electronically?

ACRL & IPEDS Data

In addition to surveys we used ACRL and IPEDS Data

Budgets

Collection Size

Collection Growth

Number of Faculty, Grad and Undergraduates

Consortium Borrowing Activity Reports

Who/What is GWLA?

33 Academic Libraries, primarily west of the Mississippi River

25 ARL Members and 8 Non-ARL Members

5 Private Universities and 28 Public Universities

More than 652,000 Undergraduate Students

Over 152,000 Graduate Students

More than 41,000 Instructional Faculty

Materials budgets vary from around $4M to over $20M per year (combined to over $310M/year)

Together we have over 130M Volumes

GWLA Members

Arizona State University

Baylor University

Brigham Young University

Colorado State University

Iowa State University Library

Kansas State University

Oklahoma State University

Oregon State University

Rice University

Southern Illinois University, Carbondale

Southern Methodist University

Texas A&M University

Texas Tech

University of Arizona

University of Arkansas

University of Colorado, Boulder

University of Hawaii at Manoa

University of Houston

University of Illinois, Chicago

University of Kansas

University of Missouri-Columbia

University of Nevada, Las Vegas

University of New Mexico

University of Oklahoma

University of Oregon

University of Southern California

University of Texas, Austin

University of Utah

University of Washington

University of Wyoming

Utah State University

Washington State University

Washington University in St. Louis

Large Scale Sharing

History of Resource Sharing in GWLA

Long history of sharing = great

Speed and longer loan periods = great

History of sharing ideas, technologies = great

No policies on balance of sharing = challenge

History of Resource Sharing in GWLA

Transmitted requests through OCLC

New Relais tool – “BorrowItNow”

1/3 Borrow

Almost all Lend

Not true shared catalog

GWLA – no policy related to balance of sharing

2/3 of GWLA libraries borrow whomever they like

Shared Philosophy – Treat other member library patrons as our own

CD Concern: More to Buy, Less to Spend

• 8% overall increase for North American Academic Books

• 23% increase for e-books• Increasing production every year

Year Non-Serial Expenditures Change # Libraries Reporting

FISCAL YEAR 2012 $450,995,636.00 4% 285

FISCAL YEAR 2010 $434,162,296.00 -8% 275

FISCAL YEAR 2008 $474,046,700.00 17% 275

FISCAL YEAR 2006 $405,322,538.00 9% 255

FISCAL YEAR 2004 $372,415,605.00 255

CD Concern: More to Buy, Less to Spend

Academic Library Survey Responses 2004-2012, National Center for Education Statistics

$49,663,572

$54,424,722

$48,670,720 $50,395,359

$0

$10,000,000

$20,000,000

$30,000,000

$40,000,000

$50,000,000

$60,000,000

2006 2008 2010 2012

Expenditures for 31 GWLA Schools

Change in Expenditures for Books and Other One-Time Print Purchases

CD Concern: As the overall growth of the corpus slows, are we duplicating wisely?

Year Number of units held in paper

Change Number of e-books held

Change # Libraries Reporting

FISCAL YEAR 2012 681,988,378 5% 111,152,494 50% 285

FISCAL YEAR 2010 652,093,855 5% 74,084,948 60% 275

FISCAL YEAR 2008 623,013,219 5% 46,340,847 66% 275

FISCAL YEAR 2006 593,989,731 5% 27,868,625 140% 255

FISCAL YEAR 2004 567,547,485 11,618,244 255

Academic Library Survey Responses 2004-2012, National Center for Education Statistics

CD Concern: As the overall growth of the corpus slows, are there sufficient copies to share?

520,000

540,000

560,000

580,000

600,000

620,000

640,000

660,000

680,000

Fall2006

Fall2007

Fall2008

Fall2009

Fall2010

Fall2011

Fall2012

Fall2013

Total GWLA Undergraduate Full Time Enrollment

-

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

Fall2006

Fall2007

Fall2008

Fall2009

Fall2010

Fall2011

Fall2012

Fall2013

Total GWLA Full time Graduate Enrollment

CD Concern: Are We Building Diverse Collections?

Print Only Approval, 15, 48%

E-Preferred Approval, 7, 23%

No Approval, 2, 6%

Mixed E/Print Approval, 7, 23%

Approval Plan Status

CD Concern: Are We Building Diverse Collections?

2

3

8

13

1

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

5--Vast majority ofacquisitions are through

PDA/DDA

4 3 2 1--We are not usingPDA/DDA

Level of Demand Driven Activity(27 Responses)

CD Concern: Are We Building Diverse Collections?

Thinking about priorities in terms of :

• Out of Print• Duplication • Uniqueness

Photo by: Gary H. Spielvogelhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/gaspi/7971252

E-Preferred12

39%

Neither10

32%

Varies by Discipline

929%

Distribution of E-Preferred Acquisition

CD Concern: As we increase e-book acquisition, partners may have the book we need, but not in a lendable format.

How Many E-Books are in Our Collections?

9% 9%

14%

19%

15%

17%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

18%

20%

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Average Percentage of E-Books in a GWLA Collection

CD Concern: As we increase e-book acquisition, partners may have the book we need, but not in a lendable format.

“…Interlibrary Loan must be allowed. The consortiummay supply a single copy of an individual document,chapter or book derived from the Licensed Materials toan Authorized User of another library UTILIZING THEPREVAILING TECHNOLOGY OF THE DAY. Consortiumagrees to fulfill such requests in compliance with Section108 of the United States Copyright Law (17 USC 108,‘Limitations on exclusive rights: Reproduction bylibraries and archives’)”

CD: Do Patrons Want E-Books? (If not, will you accommodate them?)

Yes, we will

purchase it, 16, 52%It depends

on the patron & title, 14,

45%

They can ILL it, 1,

3%

RSDD: Do Patrons Want E-Books? (If not, will you accommodate them?)

Yes, 67%No, 12%

Only Faculty, 4%

Other, 17%

CD Policy RS Policy

Policies on Obtaining Popular Books

Do Not Purchase ,

40%

Very Limited Purchasing,

40%

Limited Purchasing,

5%

Actively Purchasing,

5% Very Actively Purchasing,

10%

Do Not Restrict

Borrowing, 80%

Policy Not to Borrow

(unenforced) 10%

As Long as it is not

Excessive, 5%

Attempt 1 String, 5%

CD Policy RS Policy

Policies on Obtaining Textbooks

Purchase some but

not all, 9%

Purchase very

selectively, 24%

Do not purchase,

67%

Try not to Borrow (using

bookstore info), 59%

Do Not Restrict ,

27%

Policy Says No--Not

Enforced, 14%

RS Concerns: There is not a copy in my consortium and I’m concerned about turn around time, loan periods, etc.

Libraries belong to a variety of consortia and/or groups

Strong Groups such as GWLA, have agreed to expedited delivery, longer loan periods –Preferred partners

Patrons expect quick turnaround and longer loan periods!

RS Concerns: There are material types that people want to borrow that we just CAN’T GET

“Increasing number of unique item requests (hard to find, rare, not ‘regular’ books --special collections)…..”

RS Concern: Patrons are discovering more than ever

Yes , 13, 45%

No, 14, 48%

Other, 2, 7%

Does your discovery system include returnable titles (e.g books, a/v, etc.) not held at your library?

Is Our Work Sustainable?

-60000

-50000

-40000

-30000

-20000

-10000

0

10000

20000

30000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

GWLA OCLC Net Loans Supplied

CY08 CY09 CY10 CY11 CY12 CY13 Jan-Mar2014

Just How Big is the Difference?

7039

1754

6035

1486

5227

1388

1374

1310

1241

1239

1225

818795771735726722471316216194187130

1579

1 2

Recent 5 month OCLC ILL borrowing activity within GWLA

Top 3 libraries borrow totals = Bottom 21 libraries

Are there solutions to these dilemmas?

Image by Julia Manzerova: https://www.flickr.com/photos/julia_manzerova/2757851927/

Significance of the Shared Collection

1

2

3

12

4

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

5 The GWLA Collections are Central to My CD Strategy

4

3

2

1 I do not think abou the GWLA Collections in terms of my strategy

“Whither ILL?” Not so fast….

Year Books Loaned

Change Books Received

Change # Libraries Reporting

FY2012 3,288,676 -5% 2,926,683 -4% 285

FY2010 3,448,454 3% 3,034,217 7% 275

FY2008 3,333,160 9% 2,836,010 13% 275

FY2006 3,054,989 10% 2,499,105 8% 255

FY2004 2,779,353 2,320,353 255

GWLA Borrowing Activity

98,569

105,829

-

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

FY10 FY14

Total Change in Book Borrowing

More consensus on what the cooperative collection looks like is

needed…

Spring 2011 - GWLA Launches E-Book Lending Task Force

Spring 2014 - Springer Partnership Announced

April 7, 2014 - First Transaction Recorded

October 1, 2014 - Over 441 Transactions Recorded

The First Steps in E-Book Sharing

Purchase on Demand as Local Solution

ILL POD, 15, 56%

Limited, 6, 22%

NO, 6, 22%

Does your library have an interlibrary loan purchase on demand program?

Take Away

Image by FutureAtlas: https://www.flickr.com/photos/87913776@N00/5129625865

We would like to thankOur GWLA Colleagues

For participating in our surveyand being great partners

Thanks So Much! Discussion? Questions?

Jennifer Duncan Utah State University

Collection Development

Carol KochanUtah State University

Resource Sharing

Lars LeonUniversity of Kansas

Resource Sharing

Image by Vladimer Shioshvili: https://www.flickr.com/photos/vshioshvili/229207037/