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Competence Tenacity Energy

COLEGIUL TEHNIC ENERGETICCOLEGIUL TEHNIC ENERGETIC

Electric power from renewable sources E-RESMicro-hydropower plants - MHP

1. Why power from renewable sources?

For the protection of the environment, increasing the energetic autonomy by using the natural potential of the geographical area,

economical reasons and social cohesion.

RES electric power can be:

•Aeolian energy•Solar energy

•Geothermal energy•Energy from waves or tides

•Biomass•Hydropower, and hydropower < 10 MW in

Micro Hydropower plants

For Romania an average of 33% is estimated to possibly be provided through RES, in approximately 5000 locations, suitable for small scale hydropower constructions – micro hydropower plants. Hydropower: the first accomplishment in Romania is the Grozăveşti power plant, on Ciurel Lake, Bucharest 1889.

Today, the most important hydropower plants are CHE Portile de Fier 1 and 2, on the Danube River, and CHE Lotru-Ciunget on internal water courses (which will be visited during these days).

Vâlcea County is representative for the hydroelectric constructions which use the hydraulic potential of the river Olt and its tributary rivers, especially Lotru. .

Lotru Hydrographic Basin (?) represents 17% of the potential of the interior rivers, and counts today on 27 hydropower plants, 4 micro-hydropower plants and other installations.

2. What is HydroPower?

Hydropower is the electric energy generated by hydropower plants, due to the power of water.

The advantages of hydropower:• the settlement of the river courses

• it is adapted to the energetic potential of the country• cheap exploitation

• environmentally friendly Disadvantages:

• it produces major changes to the natural environment, dams and other constructions

• substantial financial investments.

3. Hydropower plants – CHE CHE – are power plants in which electricity is produced due to

the mechanical power of a turbine, which, at its turn is set in motion by the force of water (water fall or large flow).7

The components of a CHE are:

•Accumulation lake formed behind a dam.•The dam – artificial obstacle for the storage of large quantities of water.

• Adduction – takes over the water from the lake and caries it to the power plant (forced gallery, forced pipe, distribution to the turbines – two minimum).

•Pressure node made of:oCastle balance – safety construction which takes over the level changes of the water

oValve house – adjusts the quantity of water that goes through the adduction pipe to the power plant.

•Main power plant:oThe building of the power plant

oThe engine room where the turbine transforms the force of water in mechanical energy, that the generator turns into electrical energy; installations which provide the cooling water

to the aggregates, oil under pressure, compressed air; lifting machines, like slide bridges; command room with automatic equipment for distance command.

•Transformation station where the parameters of the produce electrical energy are raised to proper values for the transportation through the electric network.

 

4. Micro-hydropower plants – MHP

Installed power ≤ 10MW means micro-hydropower plant, small hydropower plants and micro-hydropower plants characterized by powers 5:100KW,

which can assure enough electrical energy for a small community or for industry in isolated areas.

They have the same components as a hydropower plant, but can be the most efficient and cheap generators of electricity..

5. MHP Latorita – an example of a micro-hydropower 5. MHP Latorita – an example of a micro-hydropower plant in Romaniaplant in Romania

MHMHPP LATORIŢA LATORIŢA

5. MHP Latorita – an example of a micro-hydropower plant in Romania we chose as an example MHC Latorita, near CHE Lotru – Ciunget; It is built on river Latorita, tributary to Lotru, with a small accumulation

through a compensatory basin MHP Latorita is a back-up source, independent, providing electric

energy to CHE Lotru;• It works under an automatic regime – connected to the supply network of

CHE Ciunget or in a isolated regime for “starting from zero” (when it provides the power necessary to a group for the Ciunget power plant, when

this one is switched off from the National Energetic System).• Assures the sufficient flow of water for cooling down the hydro

aggregates of the Ciunget power plant;• Assures the evacuation of the surplus of energy on the low tension

network (0,4 KV);

The images pictures components of this installation:

•Latorita caption, with photo: caption threshold, grit, compensatory basin;

•Adduction pipe, with photo: surface, underground horizontal and vertical;

•Francis Micro-aggregate (A, B, C)•Synchronous generator: 400 KVA, 320 KW, 400 V, 50Hz

•Adjustment system (with a rotation adjuster, hydraulic aggregate as a source of under pressure oil);

•Control cabinet for the electronic components;•Command system with a programmable automat, automatic elements, auxiliary electronic circuits and software program.

LATORIŢALATORIŢA CAPTURE CAPTURE

THE COMPONENTS OF CAPTURE THE COMPONENTS OF CAPTURE LATORILATORIŢAŢA

Capture threshold

l/s

Grit

The components of capture The components of capture compensating basincompensating basin

Compensating basin,

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WATER AND RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WATER AND MHC capture LatoriMHC capture Latoriţţaa

Horizontal underground supply pipeline.

Underground culvert pipe down

HYDRAULIC TURBINEHYDRAULIC TURBINE Francis Turbine

Fig. A Fig. B

MHMHPP LATORIŢA LATORIŢA

Fig. C

SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORSYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR

synchronous generatorsynchronous generator tipe A335 L04

Adjustment systemAdjustment system

source of under pressure oil . hydraulic aggregate

• Cabinets Control Cabinets Control HydroaggregatHydroaggregat

• Control SystemControl System

Thanks for your attention !Thanks for your attention !