WCDMA Indoor Solutions 2005

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1 © 2005 Nokia Nokia WCDMA Indoor Solutions

Company Confidential

WCDMA Indoor Solutions

Tomasz Lesniak Solutions Manager

Nokia Networks, Orange Poland




Customer Confidential

Content

• Motivation for in-building systems

• Cost structure of indoor solutions

• Indoor solution positioning





The Impact of Data Rate on Indoor Coverage – City View

• Even a very well built outdoor coverage cannot guarantee good indoor service

• To sustain high enough Quality of End user Experience (QoE) special indoor solutions are needed

4 km2 area- 30 micro cells, ~ 300 m

distance between sites- 6 macro cells, ~ 600 m

distance between sites

In light blue areasthere is 384 kbpsservice

In light blue areasthere is 384 kbpsservice

In dark blue areasthere is voiceservice but not384 kbps service




Company Confidential

Radio Environment for Indoor SolutionsHigh rise floors: Dominantsignal needed (many strong

signals from macro sitespresent)

Areas inside the buildings:Wall structures cause

signal attenuation

Underground floors: Signalcannot penetrate from

outdoors

Material Attenuation

Glass 3 - 6 dB

Brick and concrete 12 - 18 dB

Reinforced concrete 22 - 26 dB





Motivation

• 3G network needs to support end-user applications based on high bit

rates ( above 128 kbit/s)

• Basic network coverage will be built from macro sites, but path lossto indoors will be high resulting as signal quality degradation

• Dedicated indoor solutions are needed to ensure high quality 3G end-

user applications

Where are dedicated indoor solutions needed?

What are the best solutions technically and economically?





Indoor technologies

Pico BTS

Pico BTS

Macro BTS

Fiber optic RF heads

Macro BTS

Antennas

DistributedAntenna System,DASCoaxialdistributionnetwork withremote antennas

Fiber OpticDistributionSystem, FODSFiber opticdistributionnetwork withRF heads

Small sizededicatedindoor basestation, PicoBTS

Pico BTS





Distributed Antenna System

• Passive antenna network

• Widely used as a 2G indoor solution

• Best 3G solution if cabling already exists and canbe re-used

• Installation of low loss (thick) coaxial cables

difficult or sometimes impossible

• In new installations cabling is a major costfactor

Macro BTS

Antennas

BTS & TRSEquipment Cost

Network Cost

Signal DistributionMaterial

Implementation

work





MetroSite DAS

• WCDMA MetroSite can be used withmajority of the existing 2G DASsystems

• DAS is cost efficient solution fornew installations if 2G support isalso needed

• DAS is in practise maintenance free

38 dBm output power (8W)

15/8 dBmat antenna port

23/30 dB antenna line loss allowed:½” cable length in 4 splitter chain: 90/160 meters (max 16 antennas)½” cable length in 3 splitter chain: 125/195 meters (max 8 antennas)

½” cable length in 2 splitter chain: 160/230 meters (max 4 antennas)

Capacity Evolution:• 128 hw channels• Two carriers





Fiber optic distribution system

• Active remote units

• Fiber installation easier than coaxial cables

• Flexible capacity evolution, diversity

supported

• Cost of remote units dominate

Macro BTS

Fiber optic RF heads

BTS & TRSEquipment CostNetwork Cost

Signal DistributionMaterialRF Remote Units

Implementation work





Nokia Advanced Indoor Radio (AIR)

• Nokia Advanced Indoor Radio is solution for Local Area BTS applications with HSDPA

support for Nokia WCDMA UltraSite platform

• Highly integrated (plug-in unit), logically part of BTS with integrated O&M

Optical Unit doesnot require linearpower amplifierWPA or antenna

filter WAF

Optical sectors andnormal sectors areallowed in different

combinations

Optical Unit is partof BTS's internalcommunication

system

Optical Unitsupports up to 16

Remote Units

Tx

Rx

WCDMA RemoteUnit WRU withintegrated antenna

External IndoorAntennas(optional)

Coaxial CableAC Power

Omni

Directional

Single modefibre, lengthup to 3 km.

WCDMA BTS withWCDMA Optical Unit WOU

Pout=15dBm





Nokia Advanced Indoor Radio Units

• Introduction of remote unit and one new plug in unit

• Evolution path to HSDPA indoor cell without any new AIR hardware

• Remote unit compliant with 3GPP specification for local area BTS

WCDMA BTS CabinetsWCDMA BTS CabinetsPlug in Unit forPlug in Unit forNokia AdvancedNokia Advanced

Indoor RadioIndoor Radio

Remote UnitRemote Unitwith Integratedwith Integrated

AntennaAntenna

ExternalExternalAntennasAntennas

NokiaNokia

UltraSiteUltraSiteWCDMAWCDMABTSBTS OptimaOptima

CompactCompact

NokiaNokiaUltraSiteUltraSiteWCDMAWCDMA

BTSBTS SupremeSupreme

OmniOmni

DirectionalDirectional

WOUWOUWRUWRU

WOU supportingup to 16 remote

units

WRU withoptional

integratedantenna

Down-loadableWRU SW





RS 232connector forLocalManagementTool port

SMA RF-connectorsfor transceiverinterface

Optical connectors(SC/AdPC) for WRUinterface (16 TX/RXpairs)

WCDMA Optical Unit (WOU)

• Highly integrated WOU plug-in unit inside BTS

• Placed into the WPA slot in BTS

• Integrated O&M

• Converts RF from WTR to optical signal

• Supports up to 16 remote units

Tx

Rx

WCDMA RemoteUnit WRU with

integrated

antenna

External IndoorAntennas

(optional)

Coaxial CableAC Power

Omni

Directional

Single modefibre, length

up to 3 km

WCDMA BTS with

WCDMA Optical Unit WOU

Pout=15dBm





Wideband Optical Unit (WOU)





Wideband Remote Unit withcover

Dimensions: 350 x 225 x 35 mm

Output power 15 dBm

Wideband Remote Unit

Connectors

Optical interface

RF output(SMA)

WCDMA Remote Unit (WRU)

Power





AIR Configuration (first release)16 WRU with one TRX, maximum coverage

WTRB

TX1

Rx1 main

Rx1 div

WOM

WIC

WOM

1 cell1 - 16 WRU’s / cell

iversity supported

WRUWRU

WRU

WRUWRU

WRUWRU

WOU





Nokia AIR vs. external FODS

• Fiber Optic Distribution System is optimum solution for big in-building systems

with long distance between Node-B and antenna

• Makes possible to cover very large area with one Node-B

• Maximum base band pooling gain

• Maximum Iub trunking gain -> minimises Iub capacity need

• Easy configuration changes based on capacity needs

• Rx diversity improves uplink throughput up to 70%

• Tx diversity doubles throughput in downlink

Differences between Nokia AIR and 3rd Party FODS

WOUWOUReplacesReplacesWPA and WAFWPA and WAF

11--1616 WRUsWRUs / WOU/ WOU WRUWRU

Attenuator

O&M•Alarms to Node-B external alarms•Or own DCN

O&M•Part of Node-B

WOU





Pico BTS

• Small size 1 carrier BTS

• Very high integration level to bring the OPEXto acceptable level

• Pico BTS solution can be improved:• Support for 2-4 remote antennas

• Cost efficient transmission solution (xDSL, IP)

• Transmission and network costs dominate

Pico BTS

BTS & TRSEquipment Cost

Network Cost

Signal DistributionMaterial

Implementationwork





Nokia Pico BTS main features

• Size ~10 liters, weight ~7kg

• Wall mounted, Indoor use

• Capacity:

• min. (common signalling channels + 64 AMR calls)

or (common signalling channels +4 simultaneous 384 kbit/s users)

• RF performance:

• 3GPP local area base station

• Output power 250 mW

• Receiver diversity support

• HSPA support

• HSDPA up to 15 codes, QPSK and 16QAM modulation, 10.7Mbit/s, 16 users

• HSUPA capable with SW up-grade

• Transport interface options:

• 4xE1/ T1/JT1, Ethernet• DSL with external modem

• Integrated antenna, SMA-connectors for external antennas and DAS

• Convection cooling, no fans, silent





Indoor Solution Positioning

Large

Medium

Small

Traffic inside the building

C o v e r a g e

a r e a

Low Medium High

Nokia Pico Base Station

NokiaAdvancedIndoor Radio

&Nokia Pico Base

Station

Advanced Indoor Cell

Indoor Cell Splitting

Advanced

HSDPA IndoorCell

Nokia Advanced Indoor RadioMetroSite DAS





Possible future products for enhanced indoor coverage

• Low power remote RF-heads

- OBSAI compliant

- 10-15dBm output power

- integrated antenna- can share the same baseband resources with macro sectors

- enables large nr of remote heads per BTS (up to 48)

• Femto BTS

- small, low capacity (20-40 AMR calls) BTS

- IP connectivity, able to use existing cabling in the building

- 10-15dBm output power

- integrated antenna

- Iub/IP or Gi interface





WCDMA Pico BTS Questions

Pico BTS

• What kind of applications do you see for the pico BTS?

• What type of transport would you like to use?

• Ethernet, DSL

• E1 or something else?

• What are the estimated annual volumes?

• Alternative solutions

• How widely are DAS, distributed antenna systems in use? Is itplanned to be shared between 2G/3G?

WCDMA Indoor Solutions 2005

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