WCDMA GSM PLANNING

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    www.huawei.com

    HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI ConfdentialPae !

    WC"#A $NP CW Te%tand P&o'aation

    #odel Tunin

    Inte&nal

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    Pae (

    Int&oduction

     CW te%t )Continuou% Wa*e te%t+ i% anim'o&tant %te' o P&o'aation #odel Tunin. Acco&din to the CW te%t data)includin latitude-lonitude and&ecei*ed le*el+ and co&&e%'ondin"iital ma'%, we can et the accu&ateP&o'aation #odel th&ouh tunin.

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    Chapter 1 Principle of Radio

    Propagation and CW Test

    Chapter 2 CW Test Flow

    Chapter 3 Analysis of CW Test Data

    Chapter 4 Propagation Model

    Tning

    CONTENT

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    Pae /

    P&inci'le o $adio P&o'aation and CW Te%t

    Section 1 Basic Principle of

    Radio Propagation

    !ection 2 Principle of

    Propagation Model Tning

    !ection 3 Prpose of CW

    Test

    !ection 4 "asic Principle of

    CW Test

     

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    $adio Wa*e1and Cla%%ifcation$adio Wa*e1and Cla%%ifcation

    Frequencies in dierent bands have dierent propagation characteristics.

    300-3000GHz

    EHFExtremely HighFrequency

    30-300GHz

    SHFSuper High Frequency3-30GHz

    UHFUltra High Frequency300-3000MHz

    VHFVery High Frequency30-300MHz

    HFHigh Frequency3-30MHz

    MFMedium Frequency300-3000KHzF!" Frequency30-300KHz

    VFVery-l!" Frequency3-30KHz

    VFV!ice Frequency300-3000Hz

    EFExtremely !"

    Frequency

    30-300Hz

    3-30Hz

    #e$ignati!n%la$$i&icati!nFrequency

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    Perpendiclar incidence wa'e

    and grond re+ection wa'e,&ost co&&on propagation &odes- 

    Troposphere re+ection wa'e ,the propagation is 'ery rando&- 

    Montain di.raction wa'e,shadow area signal sorce-

    /onosphere refraction wa'e ,0eyondthehorion co&&nication path-

    P&o'aation Path

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    ①Re+ected wa'e of 0ildingDi.racted wa'eDirect wa'e5Re+ected wa'e on the grond

    Cha&acte&i%tic% o $adioP&o'aation

    #lectric wa'e propagation syste&

    of 6and Mo0ile Co&&nications

    Radio

    propagation in

    actal

    en'iron&ent

    6%! and 76%!

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    Cha&acte&i%tic% o $adio Channel%Cha&acte&i%tic% o $adio Channel%

    d ,&-

    Pr ,d"&-

    18 28 38

    28

    48

    98

    !low fading

    Fast fading

    Radio channels 'arywith ser:s positionand ti&e;

    Mltipath scatteringand o0strctionreslt in acte

    changes to recei'edpower; !low fading• Attenation* Pr is in direct

    proportion to 1

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    "i*e&%it4 Technolo4"i*e&%it4 Technolo4

    #ea%u&e% aain%t a%t adin; di*e&%it4

    technoloie%- E3'licit di*e&%it4

    • S'ace di*e&%it4• Pola&i?ation di*e&%it4• @&e5uenc4 di*e&%it4:GS#;&e5uenc4 ho''in WC"#A;

    %'&ead %'ect&um

    - Im'licit di*e&%it4• Im'licit di*e&%it4 u%e% %inal '&oce%%in technoloie% to

    hide di*e&%it4 unction% into %inal% unde& t&an%mi%%ion,

    %uch a% $ABE &ece'tion technolo4, inte&lea*in and e&&o&code co&&ection.• $ea&ded a% time di*e&%it4

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    "ela4 S'&ead"ela4 S'&ead

    #ulti'ath '&o'aation8 Sinal% on di:e&ent 'ath% &each the&ecei*e& at di:e&ent time.

    When the &ecei*e& ail% to di%tinui%h multi'ath %inal%, co;channel inte&e&ence )CCI+ occu&%. In the WC"#A %4%tem,onl4 the multi'ath dela4 la&e& than one chi' 'e&iod )>.!0%,26m+ can 1e &econi?ed.

     T4'ical *alue )%+8 O'en D >.!, Su1u&1an >./, U&1an (

    !oltions#)aliation and RA=# technology

    #)aliation and RA=# technology

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    "o''le& @&e5uenc4 Shit

    E3am'le o "o''le& e:ect8 A t&ain i% 'a%%in14 4ou.

    f 1

    f 2

    f 3

    V ( k m / h )

    "o''le& &e5uenc4 %hit in #o1ileCommunication%

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    '

    '

    •  "i:&action lo%%   •  Penet&ation lo%%

    •  Clutte& lo%%

    Lo%%

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    • O1%tacle-'enet&ation lo%% i%8

      Pa&tition o1%t&uction8 /~ !>dF  @loo& o1%t&uction8 > !>dF

      O1%t&uction o u&nitu&e and othe& 1a&&ie&%8 !~

    =/dF

      Thic9 la%%8 0~ =>dF

      Penet&ation lo%% o the ca&&iae o the t&ain8 =/~ (>dF

    Penet&ation lo%% o lit8 (>dF o& %o

      Lo%% o thic9 lea*e%8 =>dF

    Penet&ation Lo%%

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    $adio P&o'aation En*i&onment$adio P&o'aation En*i&onment

    $adio '&o'aation en*i&onment dete&mine% the

    '&o'aation model% di&ectl4. And '&o'aation

    en*i&onment i% im'acted 14 the ollowin acto&%8

    • Lando&m )te&&ain+8 mountain, hill, 'lain, wate&%, and

    *eetation

    • Clutte&8 1uildin, &oad and 1&ide

    • Noi%e8 natu&al noi%e and a&tifcial noi%e

    • Climate8 &ain, %now and ice )tin4 e:ect on UH@ 1and+

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    $adio P&o'aation En*i&onment$adio P&o'aation En*i&onment T4'e o &adio en*i&onment

    $adio en*i&onment i% cla%%ifed a% ollow%, acco&din to ITU;$

    P.===;= and %'ecifc condition% in China.

    Propagation

    environmentDescription

    Dense urbanMany tall buildings, signals fail to diffract from the roof of

    building .

    Urban Signals can diffract from the roof due to low buildings and widestreets.

    Suburban ow and s!arse buildings

    "ural ow and s!arse buildings, but with lots of #egetation

    Mountainous areas

    "oad

    $ndoor 

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    P&inci'le o $adio P&o'aation and CW

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    P&inci'le o $adio P&o'aation and CW Te%t

    !ection 1 "asic Principle of

    Radio Propagation

    Section 2 Theory of

    Propagation odel Tuning

    !ection 3 Prpose of CW

    Test

    !ection 4 "asic Principle of

    CW Test 

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    Pae !!

    $adio P&o'aation #odel

    Propagation &odel is sed to predictthe e.ect of terrain@o0stacle and arti$cial en'iron&ent onthe path loss;

    WCDMA co&&on propagation &odelsWCDMA co&&on propagation &odels

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    Pae !(

     O9umu&a-Hata model

      @o&8 7>>#- =/>>#H?

     COST!(=;Hata model

      @o&8 =/>>;!>>>#H?

     COST!(= Walf%h;I9eami model  @o&8 6>>#;!>>>#H?

      Beenan;#otle4 model

      @o& indoo& '&o'aation

    P&o'aation model in UNET

      @o& mac&o cell on (>>#- !>>># 

    %!mm!n pr!pagati!n m!del$

    Radio Propagation Model

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    P&inci'le o $adio P&o'aation and CW Te%t

    !ection 1 "asic Principle of

    Radio Propagation

    !ection 2 Theory of

    Propagation Model Tning

     Section ! Purpose of "#

    Test 

    !ection 4 "asic Principle

    of CW Test

     

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    Pu&'o%e o CW Te%t

    Com'a&e CW te%tdata with '&ediction&e%ult%, and thentune the '&o'aation

    'a&amete&% toim'&o*e the accu&ac4o co*e&ae'&ediction. 

    BP!

    P&inci'le o $adio P&o'aation and CW

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    P&inci'le o $adio P&o'aation and CW Te%t

    !ection 1 "asic Principle of

    Radio Propagation

    !ection 2 Theory of

    Propagation Model Tning

    !ection 3 Prpose of CW

    Test

    Section $ Basic Principle of

    "# Test 

     

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    Fa%ic P&inci'le o CW Te%t

     Typi$cation The CW te%t data mu%t &e'&e%ent the

    cha&acte&i%tic o elect&omanetic wa*e in thi%a&ea.

     "alance The CW te%t data mu%t &e'&e%ent the

    cha&acte&i%tic o elect&omanetic wa*e 14 the'&o'o&tion o di:e&ent clutte&% in thi% a&ea.

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    Pae !7

    Chapter 1 Principle of RadioPropagation and CW Test

    Chapter 2 CW Test Flow

    Chapter 3 Analysis of CW Test Data

    Chapter 4 Propagation Model

    Tning

    CONTENT

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    Site Selection

    !tandards of site selection

    a. Antenna heiht %hould 1e &eate& than !>m.

    1. The antenna %hould 1e /m hihe& than thenea&e%t o1%tacle.

    c. The o1%tacle mainl4 &ee&% to the hihe%t1uildin on the &oo whe&e the antenna i% in%talled. The 1uildin whe&e the %ite i% located %hould 1e

    hihe& than a*e&ae heiht o %u&&oundin1uildin%.

          '     m

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     CW Te%t @low

    !ection 1 !ite

    !election

    Section 2 Building Test

    Platfor% in &et'or(ing

    !ection 3 Dri'e Test

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    Pae (

    Fuildin Te%t Plato&m in Netwo&9in

    T( s0syste&* T3 antenna, eede&, hih;&e5uenc4 %inal

    %ou&ce and antenna holde&R( s0syste&* te%t &ecei*e&, GPS &ecei*e&, te%t %otwa&e andla'to'

    Hih &e5uenc4

    %inal %ou&ce

    Sinal %ou&ce  T#A

    Powe& %u''l4

     T3 antenna

    $3 antenna "&i*e te%t in%t&ument

    Fuild;in GPS

    La'to'

    $@ ca1le = $@ ca1le !

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    Fuildin Te%t Plato&m in Netwo&9in

    Record the gain of the following parts on

    signals dring networing*

     T3 'owe& o %inal %ou&ce

    Lo%% o $@ ca1le

    Gain o T3 antenna

    Gain o $3 antenna

    CW T t @l

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     CW Te%t @low

    !ection 1 !ite

    !election

    !ection 2 "ilding Test

    Platfor& in 7etworing

    Section ! )rive Test 

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    "&i*e Te%t

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    "&i*e Te%tLee c&ite&ia o& %am'lin8 /> %am'le% 14 >

     The ma3imum *ehicle %'eed8 ma3>.6-T%am'le

    "elete te%t &e%ult% &om the %am'led data unde& a1no&malcondition%8

    @adin o*e& =/(>d1 without &ea%ona1lecau%e%

    In tunnel%Unde& the *iaduct%

    Select te%t &oute% &om the main lo1e co*e&ae a&ea idi&ectional antenna% a&e ado'ted o& a CW te%t.

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    Pae (7

    Chapter 1 Principle of RadioPropagation and CW Test

    Chapter 2 CW Test Flow

    Chapter 3 Analysis of CW Test Data

    Chapter 4 Propagation Model

    Tning

    CONTENT

    Anal4%i% o Te%t "ata

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    Anal4%i% o Te%t "ata

    Section 1 )ata Filtering

    !ection 2 Data

    Dispersion

    !ection 3 Data "inning

    !ection 4 For&at

    Con'ersion

    "ata @ilte&in

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    Pae =

    "ata @ilte&in

    "ata to 1e flte&ed i% a% ollow%8=. "ata te%ted in the 'lace% whe&e GPS i%una1le to locate accu&atel4 )%uch a%unde& the o*e&head &ac9, in the tunnel+.

    !. "ata o1tained when the di%tance toantenna i% too nea& o& a&.

    (. "ata o1tained with too wea9 %inal%.

    . E&&o& data cau%ed 14 ine3act AP)antenna 'atte&n+.

    /. Othe& data incon%i%tent with the&e5ui&ement% du&in the &oute de%in oCW te%t.

    Anal4%i% o Te%t "ata

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    Pae !

    Anal4%i% o Te%t "ata

    !ection 1 Data Filtering

    Section 2 )ata

    )ispersion

    !ection 3 Data "inning

    !ection 4 For&at

    Con'ersion

    "ata "i%'e&%ion

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    "ata "i%'e&%ion

    P&o'aation in mo1ile communication% can 1eindicated a% ollow%8

      r(x) = m(x)r 0(x) 

    J8 di%tance

    &)3+8 &ecei*ed %inal%&>)3+8 $aileih @adin

    m)3+8 local mean *alue, the com1ination o lon;te&madin and %'ace '&o'aation lo%%

    !L8 a*e&ae lenth 1etween %am'lin a&ea%, al%o

    called int&in%ic lenth

    ∫ +

    = L x

     L x

    dy yr  L

     xm   )(2

    1)(

    "ata "i%'e&%ion

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    "ata "i%'e&%ion

     The CW te%t i% to o1tain the local mean *alue o each

    eo&a'h4 location in %ome a&ea% a% a& a% 'o%%i1le, i.e. thedi:e&ence o &)3+ and m)3+ %hould 1e the minimum *alue. Inthi% %en%e, e:ect o $aileih @adin %hould 1e e3cluded.

    When the int&in%ic lenth e5ual% > wa*elenth and thenum1e& o %am'lin 'oint% i% />, the di:e&ence o te%t data

    and actual local mean *alue can 1e le%% than =dF acco&dinto Lee c&ite&ia.

     Int&in%ic lenth i% a*e&ae lenth o& 1innin )!G 1and i% 0 mlon, namel4, > wa*elenth+

    Since the locatin %'eed o GPS i% a& lowe& than the

    &ecei*in %'eed o the &ecei*e&, the di%'e&%ion '&oce%%in i%&e5ui&ed 1eo&e the 1innin.

    "ata "i%'e&%ion

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    "ata "i%'e&%ion

    The principle of dispersion processing is as follows*

    Conditions*

     The&e a&e man4 te%t &eco&d% a&&aned unde&each locatin 'oint in time %e5uence 1ecau%ethe &ecei*in %'eed o the &ecei*e& i% a& hihe&than the locatin %'eed o GPS.

     The *ehicle %'eed 1etween two locatin 'oint%i% unio&m.

     The time inte&*al 1etween e*e&4 twomea%u&ement &eco&d% i% the %ame.

    Processing*

    E5uall4 di%t&i1ute the%e &eco&d% to the &oute%ection 1etween two 'oint% in time %e5uence %othat the&e will 1e %uKcient 'oint% in e*e&4 0m&ane on te%t &oute.

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    "ata Finnin

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    "ata Finnin%0ecti'es*

    $e%e&*e the im'act o %low adin 1ut eliminate the

    a%t adinMethods*

    #ethod =8 ma9e &id% o& the whole a&ea with 0m%ide, 'e&o&m the a&ithmetic a*e&ae o& the datalocated in each &id, and then ta9e the &id cente& a%

    the new location.#ethod !8 di*ide the 'ath into %ection% in e5ualinte&*al with 0m o& each, and 'e&o&m thea&ithmetic 1innin o& the data in each %ection to%elect %ome 'oint o& the location o mean *alue.

    Tool* CW Data #ditor

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    Anal4%i% o Te%t "ata

    !ection 1 Data Filtering

    !ection 2 Data

    Dispersion

    !ection 3 Data "inning

    Section $ For%at

    "onversion 

    @o&mat Con*e&%ion

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    @o&mat Con*e&%ion

     The data o&mat e3'o&ted 14 Ailent E233 Se&ie% i%

    "ata o&mat im'o&ted to UNET i%

    @o&mat con*e&%ion can 1e im'lemented manuall4)%a*ed a% .dat fle+

    - /0*owerist  

    2re345

    /0*owerist6

    m!ld7m

    8ime Date

    - /0*owerist6m!ld7m

    CONTENT

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    Pae />

    Chapter 1 Principle of RadioPropagation and CW Test

    Chapter 2 CW Test Flow

    Chapter 3 Analysis of CW Test Data

    Chapter 4 Propagation Model

    Tning

    CONTENT

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    P&e'a&ation%

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    P&e'a&ation% In%tallin netwo&9 'lannin %otwa&e8

     9UNET i% 'owe&ul 'lannin ando'timi?ation %otwa&e and model tunin i%onl4 one o it% unctional module%.

     C&eatin a '&oect

     9In UNET, 'e&o&m 'lannin and

    o'timi?ation model tunin 1a%ed on each'&oect.

     Im'o&tin antenna 'atte&n fle

     9Co&&ectl4 im'o&t the antenna 'atte&n

    *a&4in with di:e&ent manuactu&e&%

    P&o'aation #odel Tunin

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    P&o'aation #odel Tunin

    !ection 1 Preparations

    Section 2 Propagation

    odel Tuning

    P&o'aation #odel Tunin @low

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    P&o'aation #odel Tunin @low

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    P&o'aation #odel Tunin

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    P&o'aation #odel TuninMap correction

     9GPS locatin in CW te%t u%uall4 ado't% WGS6 and

    UT# '&oection. Howe*e&, diital ma'% in China donot u%e %uch '&oection% and &ee&ence 'lane.Co&&ect diital ma'% i CW te%t data doe% notco&&e%'ond to them.

     9Co&&ection method8

    Co&&ect ou& 'a&amete&% on &ectanula&coo&dinate% in a diital ma' to &eali?e theo'timal match with the te%t data.

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    P&o'aation #odel Tunin

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    P&o'aation #odel Tunin

    Para&eter tning

     96>=1 E =2log,d- E =3log,e.- E4GDi.raction E=Hlog,d-Glog,T(e.- E =9,R(e.-

    E =cltterf,cltter-

     Tune %uch 'a&amete&% a% lo)d+,lo)He:+, "i:, lo)d+lo)He:+, Hme:and Blutte& to fnall4 tune SP#

    '&o'aation model.

    P&o'aation #odel Tunin

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    P&o'aation #odel Tunin

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    P&o'aation #odel Tunin

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    Pae 0=

    P&o'aation #odel Tunin

    P&o'aation #odel Tunin

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    Pae 0!

    P&o'aation #odel Tunin

    Co&&ection o '&o'aation model 'a&amete&% in a cit4

    *arameter = "eference #alue

    K1 23.2

    K2 44.90

    K3 5.83

    K4 0.5

    K5 -6.55

    K6 0

    P&o'aation #odel Tunin

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    Pae 0(

    P&o'aation #odel TuninAnal4%i% o co&&ection &e%ult%

     9Anal4?e co&&ectne%% o the ac5ui&ed model ate&co&&ection.

     9E*aluate the co&&ectne%% o the model with Std "e*,which &ee& to the 1indin de&ee o the ac5ui&edmodel and actual te%t en*i&onment.

     9#a9e Std "e* le%% than 6 a% much a% 'o%%i1le in

    actual model tunin, which indicate% that the tunedmodel and actual te%t en*i&onment a&e well 1ound.

    Summa&4

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    Pae 0

    Summa&4

    Ate& com'letin thi% cou&%e, 4ou %hould1e a1le to ma%te&8

    P&inci'le and 'u&'o%e o CW te%t

    P&oce%% o CW te%t P&oce%% o '&o'aation model tunin

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