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EFFECTIVEEFFECTIVE WORK BREAKDOWN WORK BREAKDOWN
STRUCTURESSTRUCTURES
Gregory T. Haugan, PhD, PMPGLH, Incorporated
Heathsville, Virginia
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Anatomy of Work Breakdown Anatomy of Work Breakdown StructuresStructures
1. What is a WBS?
2. The 100% Rule
3. Three Types of WBS Structures
4. Four Types of WBS Elements
5. Two Types of Programs
6. Use of WBS to Define Activities
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Anatomy of Work Breakdown Anatomy of Work Breakdown StructuresStructures
1. What is a WBS?
2. The 100% Rule
3. Three Types of WBS Structures
4. Four Types of WBS Elements
5. Two Types of Programs
6. Use of WBS to Define Activities
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Work Breakdown StructureWork Breakdown StructureFormal Definition per the PMBOK®
Guide:A Deliverable - Oriented Grouping of Project Elements that Organizes and Defines the Total Scope of the Project.Each Descending Level Represents an Increasingly Detailed Definition of the Project Work.
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ELEPHANT BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE
Tail Legs Body Head
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WBS CONCEPTWBS CONCEPT
Outline of the Work to be PerformedProvides a Framework for Defining the
Work on the Project - SOWProvides a Framework for Planning(Work Not in the WBS is Work Not in
the Project)
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DefinitionsDefinitions
A WBS Consists of ElementsThe Lowest Level Element in the WBS
is Often Referred to as a Work PackageA Work Package Consists of Tasks or
ActivitiesElements are Described by NounsActivities Contain Verbs
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USERDOCUMENTS
Sample Partial WBSSample Partial WBSSOFTWAREPROJECT
SOFTWARESYSTEM
TRAININGMATERIALS
SYSTEMANALYSIS
PROJECTMGT
MODULE 1 MODULE 2 MODULE 3SYSTEM
TEST
CODING TEST
Level 1
Level 3
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Anatomy of Work Breakdown Anatomy of Work Breakdown StructuresStructures
1. What is a WBS?
2. The 100% Rule
3. Three Types of WBS Structures
4. Three Types of WBS Elements
5. Two Types of Programs
6. Use of WBS to Define Activities
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100 % Rule100 % Rule
The next level decomposition of a WBS element (child level) must represent 100% of the work applicable to the next higher (parent) element.
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PERMITS/INSPECTIONS
SAMPLE WBS - GARAGESAMPLE WBS - GARAGE
GARAGEPROJECT
GARAGEGROUNDS CONSTR.PLANS
PROJECTMGT
WALLSFOUNDATION ROOFUTILITIES
FRAME DOORS/WINDOWS
Level 1
Level 4DOORS/WINDOWS
DRY WALL/
PANELINGASSEMBLY
ASSEMBLY
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100 % Rule Importance100 % Rule Importance
If you follow the 100% rule, and define the WBS elements as nouns, you have won the battle to get an effective WBS.
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Anatomy of Work Breakdown Anatomy of Work Breakdown StructuresStructures
1. What is a WBS?
2. The 100% Rule
3. Three Types of WBS Structures
4. Four Types of WBS Elements
5. Two Types of Programs
6. Use of WBS to Define Activities
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Three Types of WBS Three Types of WBS StructuresStructures
PMBOK® Guide Definition of a Project:
“A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, product, serviceservice or or resultresult.”.”
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Product BreakdownProduct Breakdown
Decomposition of the Natural, Physical Structure of the Deliverable
Follows a BOM FrameworkThe Deliverable is a Tangible ProductMost Common Example Used
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PERMITS/INSPECTIONS
SAMPLE WBS - GARAGESAMPLE WBS - GARAGE
GARAGEPROJECT
GARAGEGROUNDS CONSTR.PLANS
PROJECTMGT
WALLSFOUNDATION ROOFUTILITIES
FRAME DOORS/WINDOWS
Level 1
Level 4DOORS/WINDOWS
DRY WALL/
PANELINGASSEMBLY
ASSEMBLY
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ServiceService Breakdown BreakdownNo Tangible Output ProductMain Event or “Service”Decomposition Based on a Logical
Grouping (not Physical Structure)Often Developed Bottom-upDetailed Activities May be ChecklistsLend Themselves to Templates
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Service Project BreakdownService Project BreakdownInternationalConference
Project
Project Management
DisplaysProgramFacilitiesTransport-
ationAttendees
ToursPresentationsSpouse
ActivitiesReceptions
TranslatorsSpeakersPapers
Level 1
Level 3
Level 4
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ResultsResults Project Breakdown Project BreakdownProject Does not have a Well-Structured
Primary Product as a DeliverableMay Have Several Products that
Collectively Achieve the Planned “Result”
The Projects are Process-Based
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Results Project WBSResults Project WBS
HACCPPROJECT
1. Work Plan2. Product &
ProcessAnalyses
3. HazardAnalysis
4. Q.A.Process
5. HACCPPlan
Process
6. HACCPImplement-
ation
7. ProjectManagement
Level 1
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Anatomy of Work Breakdown Anatomy of Work Breakdown StructuresStructures
1. What is a WBS?
2. The 100% Rule
3. Three Types of WBS Structures
4. Four Types of WBS Elements
5. Two Types of Programs
6. Use of WBS to Define Activities
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Four Types of WBS Four Types of WBS Crosscutting ElementsCrosscutting Elements
1. Integrative
2. Analytical
3. Process
4. Project Management
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Four Types of WBS Crosscutting Four Types of WBS Crosscutting ElementsElements
1. Integrative1. IntegrativeNew TechnologyBicycle Project
ProjectManagement
BicyclePreliminaryDesign
FrameSeat
AssemblyPedals &
GearsHandlebars Assembly
Level 1
Level 2
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Four Types of WBS Crosscutting Four Types of WBS Crosscutting ElementsElements
2. Analytical2. AnalyticalNew PC
Development
ProjectManagement
PersonalComputerDocumentation
StructureCircuitBoards
HardDisk
PowerSupply
Assembly
System TestSystem Analyses
Level 1
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Four Types of WBS Crosscutting Four Types of WBS Crosscutting ElementsElements
3. Process3. Process
ProjectManagement
AircraftSystem
Manuals &Data
SupportEquipment
AirVehicle
FacilitiesTest &
Evaluation
Level 1
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Four Types of WBS Crosscutting Four Types of WBS Crosscutting ElementsElements
3. Process3. ProcessNew PC
Development
ProjectManagement
PersonalComputerDocumentation
StructureCircuitBoards
HardDisk
PowerSupply
Assembly
System TestSystem Analyses
DesignProcure-
mentFabrication
SubsystemTest
Level 1
Level 2
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Four Types of WBS Crosscutting Four Types of WBS Crosscutting ElementsElements
4. Project Management4. Project Management
A Special Type of WBS ElementAll Projects have a PM ElementMay be Looked-at Conceptually as an
“Overhead” Element
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Four Types of WBS Crosscutting ElementsFour Types of WBS Crosscutting Elements
4. Project Management4. Project Management
PROJECT START AND FINISH Contract Award
Complete Project
MEETINGS AND REVIEWS Kick-off Meeting
Monthly/Quarterly Project Reviews
Corporate Reviews
In-Process Reviews
Close-out Meeting
Action Item Tracking System
REPORTS Monthly Progress Report
Annual Report
Budget/Financial Status Report
PLANS Project Charter
Master Schedule
Project Plan (Current and Future Phases
Risk Management & etc
Level 3 Level 4 Work Packages
PROJECT MANAGEMENT (Level 2)
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Four Types of WBS Crosscutting ElementsFour Types of WBS Crosscutting Elements
4. Project Management4. Project Management
CONTROL Schedule Tracking
Cost Tracking
Earned Value Management Analysis
Variance Analysis
Corrective Action
Work-Arounds
ADMINISTRATIVE Project Management Office
Space/Relocation
Correspondence Control System
PROJECT SUPPORT Procurement/Purchasing
Subcontract Management
Contract Management
Level 3 Level 4 Work Packages
PROJECT MANAGEMENT (Level 2)
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Anatomy of Work Breakdown Anatomy of Work Breakdown StructuresStructures
1. What is a WBS?
2. The 100% Rule
3. Three Types of WBS Structures
4. Four Types of WBS Elements
5. Two Types of Programs
6. Use of WBS to Define Activities
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Two Types of ProgramsTwo Types of Programs
Life Cycle Phases – Process ProjectsProgram Areas – Series of Projects
PMBOK® GUIDE:A group of related projects managed in a coordinated way. Programs usually include an element of ongoing work.
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A Program Life Cycle PhasesA Program Life Cycle Phases
I. Feasibility, Conceptual or Initiation
II. Planning
III. Execution or Implementation
IV. Close-Out
V. Operations and Maintenance
VI. (Program Management)
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Example Program AreasExample Program AreasNanotechnologyAlcohol and Drug AbuseCancer ResearchAnti-Terrorism
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PM WBS Elements in a PM WBS Elements in a ProgramProgram
Traditional PM Elements at Level 1Level 2 PM Elements for each
Phase/ProjectLevel 2 PM Elements that Relate to
Subsequent Phases– Cross-cutting Analytical Elements– Outputs for Future Phases
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Program/Project Management WBSProgram/Project Management WBS
Project Definition Phase
Planning Phase
Closeout Phase
Operation and Maintenance Phase
Program Management
Generic Museum Program
Development and Production Phase
Space Plan
Planning Phase PM
Project Management Office
Development & Production Phase Plans
Closeout And O & M Phase Plans
Planning Project Management
Exhibit Plan-Design Package
Script Package
A B
C D E F
Formative Evaluation & Prototyping
Only Total Program Elements
B.1 B.2 B.3 B.5-6 B.7
1. Schedule & budget tracking
2. Reports 3. Risk management 4. Project reviews
B.7.1
1. Project Plan 2. Project Plan
review and approval
1. Initial WBS and scope
2. Initial resource, schedule & budget
1. Core & extended team
2. Project support office
B.7.2 B.7.3 B.7.4
Education & PR Plans
B.4
Level 0
Level 1
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Level 1 PM DecompositionLevel 1 PM Decomposition
ProgramManagement
Etc.Administration
& BudgetCommunications
ProgramSupport
ProgramControl
Level 1
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Anatomy of Work Breakdown Anatomy of Work Breakdown StructuresStructures
1. What is a WBS?
2. The 100% Rule
3. Three Types of WBS Structures
4. Four Types of WBS Elements
5. Two Types of Programs
6. Use of WBS to Define Activities
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Time Sharing System (TSS) Time Sharing System (TSS) Project WBSProject WBS
TSS PROJECT
TSSSoftware
DesignSpecification
RequirementsSpecification
ProjectManagement
•Project Start•Project Meetings•Project Reports
•Initial Specification•Final Specification
•Initial Specification•Final Specification
•Module 1•Module 2•Integrate Modules
Level 1
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WBS in MS Project 98WBS in MS Project 98
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WBS and Activities in MS ProjectWBS and Activities in MS Project
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SummarySummaryGeneric WBS ElementsGeneric WBS Elements
PROGRAM
ProgramManagement
ProjectA
Phase/Project
1. ProductBreakdownElements
2. ServiceBreakdownElements
3. ResultsBreakdownElements
4. CrosscuttingElements
5. ProjectManagement
Elements
Phase/Project
OngoingWork
Level 0
ProductStructure
Groupings Steps Integrative, Analytical, orProcess
SupportandManagement
Level 1
Level 2
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Effective Work Breakdown Effective Work Breakdown StructuresStructures
This presentation is based on the book titled: Effective Work Breakdown Structures authored by Dr. Gregory T. Haugan. It was published in 2002 by Management ConceptsInc. of Vienna, Virginia.
Other books by Dr. Haugan and also published by Management Concepts include:
Project Planning and Scheduling, 2002 and
The Work Breakdown Structure in Government Contracting, 2003
Books may be purchased through Management Concepts at:
www.managementconcepts.com or from Amazon and other on-line stores.
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Effective Work Breakdown Structures
Thank You
Dr. Gregory T. HauganP.O. Box 730Heathsville, VA 22473
804 580 [email protected]