Waves, Light & Quanta Tim Freegarde Web Gallery of Art; National Gallery, London.
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Transcript of Waves, Light & Quanta Tim Freegarde Web Gallery of Art; National Gallery, London.
Waves, Light & QuantaTim Freegarde
Web Gallery of Art; National Gallery, London
2
Ray propagation
• follow ray through optical elements
F F
• characterize ray by andyz
y
d
d
y
yz
• divide system into elements
• assume linear mapping of input to output, e.g.
112 d
d
z
ybyay
1 2
3
Ray propagation
1 2
• free space
112 d
d
z
ytyy
t12 d
d
d
d
z
y
z
y
1 2
• refraction 12 yy 12
1
2 d
d
d
d
z
y
z
y
1 2
• thin lens 12 yy f
y
z
y
z
y 1
12 d
d
d
d
4
Ray propagation matrices
then
12
dd
dd
ydc
ba
yzy
zy
• if 11
2 d
dyd
z
ycy
1
12 d
d
d
dyb
z
ya
z
y
and
• for many elements,
111
11
22
22
11
11 dd
dd
ydc
ba
dc
ba
dc
ba
yzy
zy
nn
nn
n
1
dd
yDC
BAzy
5
Ray propagation matrices - II
then
12
dd
dd
ydc
ba
yzy
zy
• if 11
12 d
dyd
z
ycy
1
11
22 d
d
d
dyb
z
ya
z
y
and
• for many elements,
111
11
22
22
11
11 dd
dd
ydc
ba
dc
ba
dc
ba
yzy
zy
nn
nn
n
1
dd
yDC
BAzy
6
Ray propagation matrices
1 2
• free spacet
1 2
• refraction
1 2
• thin lens
12
dd
dd
1
01
yyzy
ηtz
y
12
dd
dd
10
01
yyzy
zy
12
dd
dd
10
1
yyzy
fzy
Waves, Light & QuantaTim Freegarde
Web Gallery of Art; National Gallery, London
8
Rays of light
Jan Van Eyck (c1395-1441)National Gallery of Art (c1434)
Fra Angelico (c1387-1455)Museo del Prado (c1430)
Carlo Crivelli (c1435-1495)Städel, Frankfurt (c1482)
9
Colour
Wilton Diptych (c1395-9)National Gallery
• ultramarine: lapis lazuli
sulphur (S3-)
Azzurro oltramarino si è un colore nobile, bello, perfettissimo oltre a tutti i colori; del quale non se ne potrebbe né dire né fare quello che non ne sia più. E per la sua eccellenza ne voglio parlare largo, e dimostrarti appieno come si fa. E attendici bene, però che ne porterai grande onore e utile.
Ultramarine blue is a colour that is noble, beautiful, the most utterly perfect of all colours; of which one can neither say nor do anything that it would not surpass. And because of its excellence, I wish to speak of it at length, and show you in detail how to make it. And pay attention, because it will bring you great honour and usefulness.
Il libro dell’arte (The Craftsman’s Handbook)
Cennino D' Andrea Cennini (~1400)
electronic absorption 600 nm
(red)
10
Colour
Methuselah (C12)Canterbury Cathedral
Magi and Herod (C12-13)Canterbury Cathedral
11
The prism
12
Colour
Waves, Light & QuantaTim Freegarde
Web Gallery of Art; National Gallery, London
14
The prism
15
Rainbows
16
Rainbows
i
i
i
r
r
r
rx rr
17
Rainbows
i
i
i
r
r
r
rx rr
18
Rainbows
i
i
i
r
r
r
rx rr
19
Rainbows
20
Rainbows
21
Rainbows