Waves and Optics - Ms. Sulik's Teacher page€¦ · Red has the longest wavelength ... Also have...
Transcript of Waves and Optics - Ms. Sulik's Teacher page€¦ · Red has the longest wavelength ... Also have...
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Waves and Optics
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Waves
A wave is a disturbance which travels through a vacuum or medium (air, water, etc) that contains matter
A wave transports ENERGY not matter
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Waves
Some waves do not need a medium to travel in; they can travel even in the absences of particles (vacuum)
Example: light, x-rays, gamma rays
Other waves do need a medium to travel; they depend on the particles hitting each other
Example: sound waves
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Light
What is it?
An electromagnetic wave that is visible
to the naked eye
Waves have 3
components:
Amplitude
Wavelength
Frequency
amplitude
wavelength
crest
trough
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Amplitude
Amplitude is the maximum height
from its resting position
Amplitude is a wave’s intensity
For light this
means its
brightness
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Wavelength
The wavelength of a wave is the
distance between a point on one
wave and the same point on the next
wave, eg. crest to crest
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Wavelength
For visible light: the wavelength will
indicate its colour
Red has the longest wavelength
Violet has the shortest
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Spectrum of light
The colours we see are only a small
part of the electromagnetic spectrum
We call this the visible spectrum of
light
Also have other types of waves that
we cannot see
Example: Radio waves, microwaves,
heat waves, ultraviolet, x-rays,
gamma rays
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Spectrum of light
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Types Radio Waves
Frequency Lowest
Energy Lowest
Tech
Applications
-Radio -Cell phones
-TV -MRI
-Microwaves
Interesting Facts Antennas are used, which connect the
signals
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Types Infrared
Frequency Higher
Energy Higher
Tech
Applications
-Night Vision Goggles
-Wireless Keyboard
-Satellites
Interesting Facts -Heat is emitted (given off)- “feels warm”
-Some animals use infrared to locate
their prey
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Types Visible Light
Frequency
Energy
Tech
Applications
-Laser
-microscopes
-computer screens
Interesting Facts -Only wave length we can see
-Red = longest wave length of visible
light
-Violet = shortest wave length of visible
light
- When visible light hits water vapour =
rainbow
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Types UV Light
Frequency
Energy
Tech
Applications
-Sterilize Equipment
-Treatment for Jaundice
Interesting Facts -Necessary for Vitamin D
-Causes Cancer
-Animals can sense them
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Types X-Rays
Frequency
Energy
Tech
Applications
-X-Rays
-Baggage and Body inspection at airport
Interesting Facts -Too much can also cause cancer
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Types Gamma Rays
Frequency Highest
Energy Highest
Tech
Applications
- Preserving food
-Cancer treatment
Interesting Facts - Given a + or – charge for cancer
treatments
-Kills microbes in food
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Frequency
Frequency is the number of waves per
second
Measured in Hertz (Hz) = wavelengths/sec
Note: wavelength and frequency are
related
The shorter the wavelength, the higher the
frequency
The longer the wavelength, the lower the
frequency
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Frequency
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Two types of waves
Transverse waves
Compression waves
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Transverse Waves
Are moving waves that consists
of oscillations occurring
perpendicular (or right angled) to
the direction of energy transfer
Example: light
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Transverse Waves
Because they are not made of
vibrating particles they can travel
through a vacuum. They do not need
a medium. So they travel through
space.
They are very fast 300 000 000m/s
in the air
Speed of light!
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Compression waves
waves compresses the medium
through which it is transmitted
Also called longitudinal waves
Example: sound waves
Must travel through a medium (solid,
liquid, gas)
No sound in space
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Compression waves
One molecule hits another molecule,
which hits another one and so on
Passing on energy
Since they depend on collisions they
cannot move very fast
Less than 350 m/s in air
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Lightning Light = fast
Sound = slow
See
lightning
before we
hear it
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Recall – Properties of Light
1) The sun is the main source of
natural light
2) Light can be absorbed and
reflected
3) Light travels in a straight line
from its source
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Recall – Properties of Light
4) The speed of light is dependent on
the material it is travelling through;
light can be bent!
5) White light is made up of all the
colours of light
6) Light energy can be transformed
into other types of energy
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Light Behaviour
Light usually travels in a straight
line
Light can be bent
This is called refraction
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Lenses
We can use lenses to bend the
light and focus it at one point
This point is called the focal point
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Lenses
We can also uses lenses to spread
the light waves outward
We call this diverging the light
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Types of Lenses
We have looked at
2 types of lenses:
Convex lenses
(biconvex)
Concave lenses
(biconcave)
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