Wave Guide Basics

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ANSI / IEEE Std 1 4 7 . 1 0 ~ ~

IEEE Standard DefinitionsofTerms for Waveguide Components

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Publ ished by The Ins t i tu te of Electr ical and Electro nics En gineers, Inc. 345 East 47th Street, New York, New York 10017.IJa\' . 3 1 . 1'179 S! I I ) 7294

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IEEEStd 147-1979

IEEE Standard Definitions ofTerms for Waveguide Components

SponsorWaveguide Standards Committeeof theIEEE M icrowave Theory and Techniques Society

0 Copyright 1979 by

The Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IncN o part of this publication may be reproduced in any f orm,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the pri or wr itten permission of the publisher.



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J oseph L . K oepfinger,ChairmanWilliamE. AndrusC. N. BerglundEdward J . CohenWarren H. CookDavid B. DobsonR. 0.DuncanCharles W. Flint

Approved J une16,1978IEEE Standards Board

Ivan G. Easton,SecretaryJ ay ForsterRalph I. HauserLoering M. JohnsonIrving KolodnyWilliam R. KruesiThomasJ . MartinJ ohn E. May

Irvin N. Howell, J r, ViceChairmanDonald T. MichaelVoss A MooreWilliam S.MorganRobert L. PritchardBlair A. RowleyRalph M ShowersB. W. Whittington



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Foreword(This Foreword is not a part of IEEE Std 147-1979, Standard Definitions of Terms for Waveguide Components.)

The Waveguide Standards Committee of the Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (MTT)was formed in 1968 following direction from the IEEE to associate this work with the appropriatetechnical group. The committee membership was drawn partly from the original Antenna andWaveguide Standards Committee, and the work contained herein is based on the considerable effortand background provided by that committee.This standard presents definition of components in waveguide usage. These components areconsidered to be linear, passive, and reciprocal unless otherwise specified in the definitions. Thedefinitions included were drawn from the Institute of Radio Engineers documentNo 53 IRE 2.S1-1953, IRE Standards on Antennas and Waveguides; Definitions of Terms, No 59 IRE 2.S1-1959,IRE Standards on Antennas and Waveguides; Waveguide and Waveguide Component Measurements,International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) documents, Technical CommitteeNo 46, Cables,Wires, and Waveguides for Telecommunication Equipment, Waveguide Vocabulary Work, CategoryV , Junctions, and Category XIII, Waveguide Components and other sources. Some definitions areincluded unchanged, some have been modified or deleted, and several new definitions have beenadded.The present list is not intended to contain all possible component varieties. For example, defini-tions of bends which may be mitered or curved, are contained within the definition of bend.The members of the Subcommittee on Definitions of Waveguide Components of the IEEE Micro-wave Theory and Techniques Society who contributed to this standard during 1968-1975 were:D. J . LeVine,Chairman

A. A. BlaisdellA. Brown P. S. ChristensenM. StaloffThe members of the Standards Committee of the Microwave Theory and Techniques SocietyWaveguide during 1968-1977 were:

H. E. Schrank,ChairmanS.Adam D. J . LeVineP. L oth Burgmyer*G. A. DeschampsW. K. KahnF. K ruset D. L . Yenoli

R . V. Lowman*P. H. SmithJ . J . TaubL. Young

$Deceased*Past Chairperson



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IEEE Standard DefinitionsofTermsfor Waveguide Components

adapter, waveguide. A structure used to inter-connect two waveguides which differ in size ortype. If the modes of propagation also differ,the adapter functions as a mode transducer.attenuator, waveguide. A waveguide compo-nent that reduces the output power relative tothe input by any means, including absorptionand reflection.barretter. A form of bolometer element havinga positive temperature coefficient of resistivitywhich typically employs a power-absorbingwire or thin metal film.bend, waveguide. A section of waveguide ortransmission line in which the direction of thelongitudinal axi s ischanged. In common usagethe waveguide comer formed by an abruptchange in direction is considered to be abend.bolometer (bolometer unit, bolometric i ns t ru -ment). A term commonly used to denote thecombination of a bolometer element and abolometer mount; sometimes used impreciselyto refer to a bolometer element.bolometer element (bolometric detector). Apower-absorbing element which uses theresistance change related to the temperaturecoefficient of resistivity (either positive ornegative) as a means of measuring or detectingthe power absorbed by the element. (Seebarretter, thermistor.)bolometer mount. A waveguide or transmis-sion-line termination that can house a bolome-ter element.calorimeter, waveguide. A waveguide or trans-mission-line structure which uses the tempera-ture rise in a mediumas a measure of absorbedpower. The medium, typically water or a

thermoelectric element, is either the power-absorbing agent or has heat transferred to itfrom a power-absorbing element.cavity resonator. A resonator formed by avolume of propagating medium bounded byreflecting surfaces. (See also resonator, wave-guide.)choke joint (choke coupling). A connectiondesigned for essentially complete transfer ofpower between two waveguides withoutmetallic contact between the inner walls of thewaveguides. I t typically consists of one coverflange and one choke flange.contact joint (contact coupling). A connectiondesigned for essentially complete transfer ofpower between two waveguides by means ofmetallic contact between the inner walls ofthe waveguides. I t typically consists of twocontact flanges.comer, waveguide. See bend, waveguide.coupling aperture (coupling hole, couplingslot). An aperture in the bounding surface ofa cavity resonator, waveguide, transmissionline, or waveguide component, which permitsthe flow of energy to or from an externalcircuit.coupling loop. A conducting loop which per-mits the flow of energy between a cavityresonator, waveguide, transmission line, orwaveguide component and an external circuit.coupling probe. A probe which permits theflow of energy between a cavity resonator,waveguide, transmission line, or waveguidecomponent and an external circuit.directional coupler. A four-port junction con-sisting of two waveguides coupled together in

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IEEEStd 147- 1979 STANDARD DEFINITI ONS OFsuch a manner that a single traveling wave ineither guide will induce a single traveling wavein the other, the direction of the latter wavebeing determined by the direction of theformer.E-H tee. A junction composed of E- and H-plane tee junctions wherein the axes of thearms intersect at a common point in the mainguide.NOTE: Comparehybrid tee.E-H tuner. An E-H tee havingE and H armsterminated in movable open- or short-circuitterminations.E-plane bend (comer). A waveguide bend(corner) in which the longitudinal axis of theguide remains in a plane parallel to the electricfield vector throughout the bend (corner).E-plane tee junction (series tee). A waveguidetee junction in which the electric field vectorof the dominant mode in eacharmis parallel tothe plane of the longitudinal axes of theguides.flange, choke. A flange designed with auxiliarytransmission-line elements to form a chokejoint when used with a cover flange.flange, contact. A flat flange used in conjunc-tion with another flat flange to provide a con-tact joint.flange, cover. A flat flange used in conjunc-tion with a choke flange to provide a chokejoint.flange, flat. See flange, cover.flange, plane. See flange, cover.flexible waveguide. A waveguide constructedto permit limited bending, twisting, stretching,or any combination thereof, without appreci-able change in its electrical properties.frequency meter, cavity resonator. A cavityresonator used to determine frequency. (Seealso cavity resonator.)gasket, waveguide. A resilient insert usuallybetween flanges intended to serve one or moreof the following primary purposes: (1) toreduce gas leakage affecting internal waveguidepressure, (2) to prevent instrusion of foreignmaterial into the waveguide, or (3) to reducepower leakage and arcing.

H plane bend (comer). A waveguide bend(comer) in which the longitudinal axis of theguide remains in a plane parallel to the planeof the magnetic field vectors throughout thebend (comer).H-plane tee junction (shunt tee). A wave-guide tee junction in which the magnetic fieldvectors of the dominant mode in all arms areparallel to the plane containing the longitudinalaxes of the arms.hybrid junction. A waveguide or transmission-line arrangement with four ports which, whenthe ports have reflectionless terminations,has the property that energy entering any oneport is transferred (usually equally) to two ofthe remaining three.hybrid tee (magic tee). A hybrid junction com-posed of an E-H tee with internal matchingelements, which is reflectionless for a wavepropagating into the junction from one portwhen the other three ports have reflectionlessterminations.iris, waveguide. A partial obstruction at atransverse cross-section formed by one or moremetal plates of small thickness compared withthe wavelength.launcher. An adapter used to provide a wave-guide or transmission-line port for a wave-propagating structure.line stretcher. A section of waveguide or trans-mission line having an adjustable physicallength.magic tee. See hybrid tee.matched termination, waveguide. See termina-tion, matched.mode filter. A device designed to pass energyalong a waveguide in one or more selectedmodes of propagation, and substantially toreject energy carried in other modes.mode transducer. A device for transforming anelectromagnetic wave from one mode of propa-gation to another.mode transformer. See mode transducer.phase shifter, waveguide. An essentially loss-less device for adjusting the phase of a forward-traveling electromagnetic wave at the outputof the device relative to the phase at the input.

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TERMSFOR WAVEGUIDE COMPONENTSIEEEStd 147- 1979

plunger, waveguide. See short circuit, adjust-able.post, waveguide. A cylindrical rod placed in atransverse plane of the waveguide and behavingsubstantially as a shunt susceptance.quadrature hybrid. A hybrid junction whichhas the property that a wave leaving one out-put port is in phase quadrature with the waveleaving the other output port.resonant ins. An iris designed to have equalcapacitive and inductive susceptances at theresonant frequency.resonator, waveguide. A waveguide or trans-mission-line structure which can store oscillatingelectromagnetic energy for time periods thatare long compared with the period of the reson-ant frequency, at or near the resonant frequency.rotary joint. A coupling for efficient trans-mission of electromagnetic energy between twowaveguide or transmission-line structures de-signed to permit unlimited mechanical rotationof one structure.series tee junction. SeeE- plane tee junction.short circuit, adjustable, waveguide. A longi-tudinally movable obstacle which reflects essen-tially all the incident energy.shunt tee junction. SeeH- plane tee junction.slide screw tuner. A waveguide or trans-mission-line tuner employing a post of adjust-able penetration, adjustable in position alongthe longitudinal axis of the waveguide.step twist, waveguide. A waveguide twistformed by abruptly rotating about the wave-guide longitudinal axis one or more waveguidesections, each nominally a quarter wavelengthlong.stub, waveguide. A section of waveguide ortransmission line joined to the main guide ortransmission line and containing an essentiallynondissipative termination.taper, waveguide. A section of tapered wave-guide.

tapered waveguide. A waveguide or trans-mission line in which a physical or electricalcharacteristic changes progressively with dis-tance along the axis of the guide.tee junction. A junction of waveguides ortransmission lines in which the longitudinalguide axes form a tee.termination. A one-port load in a waveguide ortransmission line.termination, matched. A termination matchedwith regard to the impedance in a prescribedway; for example, (A) a reflectionless termina-tion or (B ) a conjugate termination.thermistor. A form of bolometer elementhaving a negative temperature coefficient ofresistivity which typically employs a semi-conductor bead.transformer, waveguide. A structure added toa waveguide or transmission line for the pur-poseof impedance transformation.tuner, waveguide. An adjustable waveguidetransformer.twist, waveguide. A waveguide section inwhich there is progressive rotation of thecross-section about the longitudinal axis. (Seealso step twist.)uniform waveguide. A waveguide or trans-mission line in which the physical and electricalcharacteristics do not change with distancealong the axisof the guide.waveguide gasket. See gasket, waveguide.wavemeter. See frequency meter, cavity reson-ator.window, waveguide. A gas- or liquid-tightbarrier or cover designed to be essentially trans-parent to the transmission of electromagneticwaves.wye junction. A junction of waveguides ortransmission lines in which the longitudinalguide axes form a Y .Y junction. See wye junction.

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