Water Treatment Stations

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Station 1 Mini-pilot (CO 166 Greenhouse - Liz) 3 4 5 6 1 2Station 2 NF (MP - Jason)  6 5 2 1 4 3Station 3 MF (GRL 138 - Stephanie) 5 6 1 2 3 4Station 4 PAC (CO 166) 4 3 6 5 2 1Station 5 Produced water coagulation

(CO166 back room – Tori)1 2 3 4 5 6

Station 6 Produced water electrocoagulation  (CO166 back room – Dotti)

2 1 4 3 6 5

Introduction to the Direct Filtration Mini-Pilot System

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

CEEN 330 – Environmental Field Session

Optimization of Coagulant Dose Our pH is ~ 7 and we would like to destabilize the 

particles in the water We calculated stock solution concentration and we 

know approximately how much ferric is currently dosed at GTP…

Direct Filtration Mini-Pilot System Direct filtration  skip sedimentation Appropriate for low-turbidity source water   The min-pilot actually mimics CSM’s pilot system at 

the Golden WTP  Partially automated treatment system Critical operating steps

Startup Backwashing Dose adjustments Data retrieval 

Anthracite coal (1.55) and quartz sand (2.65) More depth is utilized

Dual-Media Filter

0.5 – 2 mm

Anthracite

Dual-Media Filter

Headloss Through Clean Granular Filters Net available head = filter design headloss – clean-

bed headloss

Insignificant in slow sand and pre-coat filtration, but important in rapid filtration

Rapid Filtration – Filter Run Effluent turbidity characterized by 

three distinct segments: Ripening

media conditioning (15 min - 2 hr) Sometimes contain two peaks Size and duration can be reduced by proper backwashing procedure

Filter-to-waste line  Effective filtration

Steady state turbidity <0.1 NTU Gradual increasing in head loss 

Breakthrough Filter can’t hold more particles Effluent turbidity increases Headloss increases

Rapid Filtration – End of Filter Run Can be triggered by several 

events and lead to backwash: Breakthrough Headloss 

Increases beyond the available 

head through the process  Rapid filters are typically designed with 1.8-3 m (6-10 ft) available head

If in specific cases neither are reached within several days: utility initiate backwash after a set period of time

Direct Filtration Mini-Pilot System

Mini-Pilot Flow Diagram

FeedTankKMnO4

Flocculation Basin

turbidimeter

pH

Chlorine

pH adjustment

Overflow Coag.

BackwashLines

BackwashWaste

V-1

V-2

V-3V-2

V-5V-4

V-10

V-14V-13

V-12V-11

V-9V-7 V-8V-6

Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) System

Mini-pilot Control Panel

Recovery of Logged Data

Recovery of Logged Data

Recovery of Logged Data

Startup ProcedureSTARTUP:

STEP √ DESCRIPTION1   Check the water level in the feed drums. If the water level is low, prepare to switch to the next drum.2   Check that the chemical feed containers are full and that the tubings are fully submerged.3   Open V-1 and close V-2, V-3, V-4, V-5, V-6, V-7, V-8, V-9, V-11, V-12, V-13, and V-14.4   Position V-10 to send water from the desired column to the turbidimeter, and adjust V-7 and V-9 accordingly.5   Start the submerged feed pump and check that the flow into the flocculation basin is smooth.6   Start the SCADA system.7   If the flocculatiion basin is empty, stop the mixers and turn them on again when the impellers are submerged.8   Start the coagulant dosing pump and adjust the appropriate flowrate.9   Start the KMnO4 dosing pump and adjust the appropriate flowrate.10   Start the mixers again and adjust their G. Start with 40, 10, 5.11   When the water level reaches the 3rd compartment overflow gate, open V-2 and V-3.12   S l o w l y open V-4 and V-5 and adjust overflowrate to 1 - 1.5 gpm/sqft.13   Adjust SCADA settings.14   Adjust V-1 so that the overflow from the flocculation basins is minimal.15   Check pH in compartment 1 and adjust by adding lime to the feed tank.

Operation ProcedureOPERATION:

STEP √ DESCRIPTION1   Frequently check the water level in the feed drum. If water level is low, prepare to switch to the next drum.

2   To switch feed drum: stop the feed pump/s; close V-1; turn off the KMnO4 and coagulant dosing pumps; transfer the pump/s into the next drum; start the pumps; open and adjust V-1; start the KMnO4 and coagulant dosing pumps.

3   Frequently check the turbidity level; if the level exceeds 0.3 NTU, perform column backwashing. Also, once in a while take sample from the filtrate that is routed to the turbidimeter and check turbidity on the desktop instrument

4   Frequently switch the feed to the turbidimeter (V-10) to check the filtrate turbidity of the second column. NOTE: make sure to select the measured filter column in the SCADA system because the datalogger does not distinguish between columns...

5   Frequently check the level of chemicals in the chemical containers and add stock solution if necessary

6   Obtain samples for Mn analysis at predetermined times. Samples should be taken from the feed tank and from the filtrate of each column (V-6 and V-8)

7   Occasionally check that the water level in the flocculation basins is OK and adjust V-1 to provide minimum overflow from the flocculation basin.

8   Check the pH at the flocculation basins and feed tank occasionally, and log data manually.

Backwashing ProcedureBACKWASHING:

STEP √ DESCRIPTION1   Stop the NaOH and chlorine dosing pumps, if they are operating. 2   Turn off V-2 and V-4 if you are backwashing filter column 1 or turn off V-3 and V-5 if you are backwashing filter column 2.3   Fully open V-13 if you are backwashing filter column 1 or fully open V-14 if you are backwashing filter column 2.4   Start the feed line for backwashing.

5  

S l o w l y open V-11 (backwashing of filter 1) or V12 (backwashing of filter 2) and start backwashing. If a plug of media rises up quickly close V-11 or V-12 and slowly open it again until full fluidization is established. MAKE SURE that the expansion stops at least 2" below the head of the column.

6  Before completing the backwashing, reduce the flowrate through the filter column (V-11 or V-12) until the flow stops to establish a good mixing layer between the sand and anthracite.

7   Turn on V-2 if you backwashed filter column 1 or turn on V-3 if you backwashed filter column 2.8 Turn off V-13 if you backwashed filter column 1 or turn off V-14 if you backwashed filter column 2.9   S l o w l y open V-4 if you backwashed filter 1 or V-5 if you backwashed filter 2 and adjust overflowrate to 1 - 1.5 gpm/sqft.10   Start the NaOH and chlorine dosing pumps, if they are provided. 11   Check turbidity and follow Operation Procedures.

Shutdown ProcedureSHUTDOWN:

STEP √ DESCRIPTION1   Perform backwashing procedure on both filter columns.2   Stop all dosing pumps.3   Turn off V-1.4   Stop the feed pump/s.5   Start emptying the flocculation basin and continue filtering until there is a 3-4" headspace in each column.6   Turn off V-4 and V-5.7   Stop the mixers.8   Empty the floculation basin and pump the sludge with ShopVac.9   Retrieve data from the datalogger and turn off the SCADA program.

Mini-Pilot Flow Diagram

1 2

FeedTankKMnO4

Flocculation Basin

Coagulant

turbidimeter

Chlorine

BackwashLines

BackwashWaste

pHpH adjustment

V-1

Overflow

V-3V-2

V-5V-4

V-10

V-14V-13

V-12V-11

V-9V-7V-6 V-8