Water Security in IraqWater Security in Iraqy qy qAlexandria Alexandria 11stst Apr Apr 20102010

Dokan Dam

Dr. Hassan JanabiDr. Hassan JanabiI ’ A b d t thI ’ A b d t thDr. Hassan JanabiDr. Hassan JanabiI ’ A b d t thI ’ A b d t th

Central Marshes

Iraq’s Ambassador to the Iraq’s Ambassador to the UN Agencies in RomeUN Agencies in RomeIraq’s Ambassador to the Iraq’s Ambassador to the UN Agencies in RomeUN Agencies in Rome

What is Water Security?y

1. Ensured accessibility to the resource in ti dtime and space.

2. Ability to utilize the resource to achieve i d l teconomic development.

3. Ability to sustainably manage the water resources to ensure the right quantity andresources to ensure the right quantity and quality.

What is Water Security? What is Water Security? Con’tdCon’tdyy

4. Ensure that competing demands are balanced (Irrigation, water supply and sanitation hydropower environmentalsanitation, hydropower, environmental requirement etc).

5 Ensure that water sharing agreement with5. Ensure that water sharing agreement with full participation of all stakeholders is in place. p ace

6. Ensure that the environment is protected and pollution is prevented.p p

Duhok

TurkeyTurkey

TigrisCountries contributing toTigris R.

MosulErbil

KirkukSulaimaniyaSulaimaniya

Tigris32%

12%

IraqTurkey

Baquba

SyriaSyriaTikrit

EuphratesKarkha R.

56%y

Iran

48 BCM

28 BCMFlows in Iraqi Rivers

Ma Demand IranIranBaghdad

JordanJordan Kut

Ramadi

q

K b l HillaJul-Sep (Max Irr.

Oct-Feb20%

Max Demand

Storing period

NajafAmara

Samaw

Karbala

Diwaniya

M.O.D3%

12%

Mar-Jun70%

(Demand)

10%

period

Nassirriya

BasraBasra85%

Iraq

Turkey

Syria

Countries contributing to

Marshes

KuwaitKuwaitSaudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia

Countries contributing to Euphrates R.

Dokan Dam

Dohuk Dam

Control for better managementControl for better managementMosul Dam

Maximum Storage Capacity

TigrisAdhaim Dam

Haditha Dam

Maximum Storage Capacity

Mosul Dam31%

Haditha Dam24%

Tharthar Outlet RegulatorDerbendikham Dam

Hemrin DamAdhaim D

Current Total Storage: 157 BCM

Tigris – Euphrates Regulator

EuphratesRamadi Barrage

Tharthar Outlet Regulator

Dokan Dam18%

Dam9%

Hemrin Dam

Shatt Al-ArabDiyala Weir

Ramadi Barrage

Gharaff Regulator

18%Dam9% Derbendi-

khan Dam9%

5

Kut Barrage

Fallujah BarrageGharaff Regulator

Kib 31 BCMAtaturk 50 BCM

1990Kerekaya 10 BCM

1987Kiban 31 BCM1975 Biricik 1.2 BCM

2000

9901987

Kerkamish 0.2 BCM1999

Tishreen 2 BCM1999

Duz 3.5 BCM

Tabqa 12 BCM1975

K kh 8 BCMKarun 14 BCM

2001-2006

Duz 3.5 BCM1962

Dam Construction Dam Construction

Kerkha 8 BCM2001

2001-2006(Series of dams)

UNCLASSIFIED

since mid 1970ssince mid 1970s

Declining inflowsDeclining inflows

Mean annual discharge in the Euphrates (m3/s)1975-2005

1600

1975-2005

Filling of Ataturk DamTrend Line

1000

1200

1400

1600

400

600

800

Q m

3/s

0

200

2005–1925Euphrates

Euphrates River Mean Monthly Discharges m3/s

200022002400

Month Ave. 1925-73Month Ave 1975 05

958 m3/s

Loss of 9.1 BCM /year

12001400160018002000 Month Ave 1975-05

Annual Mean 1925-73Annual Mean 1975-05

703 m3/s

400600800

10001200

0200400

Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb

Storage Volumes

• Turkish Storages– 92BCM on

Euphrates– 17BCM on Tigris– 17BCM on Tigris

(planned)

• Syrian Storages – 14.5BCM on

E h tEuphrates– 1.5BCM from Tigris

(Previous (agreement)

How Water Security in Iraq is being How Water Security in Iraq is being impacted?impacted?impacted?impacted?

•Intensive construction of dams•Intensive construction of dams.•Wars, particularly Iraq-Iran war and the

ti f K itoccupation of Kuwait.•Draining of the marshes.•Pollution and degradation of water quality.•Fast urbanization.Fast urbanization.•High rate of water use (twice the population growth rate)growth rate).

How Water Security in Iraq is being How Water Security in Iraq is being impacted?impacted? CCimpacted?...impacted?...Cont’dCont’d

•Lack of long term water sharing•Lack of long term water sharing agreement between riparian countries, Iraq Syria Turkey & IranIraq, Syria, Turkey & Iran.•Unsustainable approach in managing

t i th h fwater resources in the upper reaches of Euphrates and Tigris rivers basins.

How Water Security in Iraq is being How Water Security in Iraq is being i t d?i t d?impacted?...impacted?...Cont’dCont’d

30Euphrates River Annual Average Discharge at Iraq’s

border in BCM

202530 border in BCM

Total Annualflow 2009

51015

01973-74 1975-2009 1999-20091937-74

How Water Security in Iraq is being How Water Security in Iraq is being impacted?...Cont’dimpacted?...Cont’d

Tigris R. Total Average Flow

40

50

Tigris R. Total Average FlowBCM

10

20

30

0

10

Long term 2008-2009

The way forwardThe way forward

Apply strict national water• Apply strict national water management strategy based on IWRM principlesbased on IWRM principles

• Negotiate long term water sharing agreement.

• Adopt basin-wide & regional approaches to mitigate and adapt to climate

How Water Security in Iraq is being How Water Security in Iraq is being impacted?impacted? C t’dC t’dimpacted?...impacted?...Cont’dCont’d

Thank youThank youThank youThank you