Water Rsources

7/25/2019 Water Rsources

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WATERRSOURCESWater resourcesare sources of waterthat are useful orpotentially useful to humans. It is important because it isneeded for life to exist. Many uses of waterinclude

agricultural, industrial, household, recreational andenvironmental activities. Virtually all of these human usesrequire fresh water.

The primery sources of water on earth isprecipitation that come in the form of rain andsnowfall.


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SU!"#$ %"&$

SURFACE %"&$ IS WATER'( &)$ SURFACE'! &)$ *+"($& SU#)

"S I( " S&$"M, IV$, +"$, %$&+"(-, ' '#$"(. I& #"( $#'(&"S&$- %I&) /'U(-%"&$ "(- "&M'S*)$I# WATER. ('(0S"+I($ SURFACE WATERIS $*+$(IS)$- 1 *$#I*I&"&I'( "(- 1$#UI&M$(& !'M /'U(-0WATER.

/'U(- %"&$

GROU!WATER2' GROU! WATER3 IS &)$ WATER*$S$(&$($"&) $"&)4S SU!"#$ I( S'I+ *'$ S*"#$S "(- I( &)$!"#&U$S '! '# !'M"&I'(S. " U(I& '! '# ' "(U(#'(S'+I-"&$- -$*'SI& IS #"++$- "( "5UI!$ %)$( I& #"(1I$+- " US"+$ 5U"(&I&1 '! WATER.

6&)$ /'U(- %"&$ IS "+S' "( IM*'&"(& S'U#$ '! %"&$ !'-I(I(/, II/"&I'(, I(-US&I"+ US$.

S'U#$ '! %"&$ $S'U#$S


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'V$ U&I+I7"&I'( '! SU!"#$ 8 /'U(-%"&$

In 9orld9ide, the largest use of 9ater is for irrigation2:;


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#'(S$5U$(#$S '! 'V$ $A*+'I&"&I'( '! SU!"#$ %"&$ $S'U

&' &"* "(- #'(&'+ !+'%I(/ SU!"#$ %"&$, -"MS "(-$S$VI'S "$ UI+-. "(- &)$ S&'$- %"&$ IS US$- !'II/"&I'(,$+$#&I#I&1 /$($"&I'(, %"&$ SU**+1 !' -'M$S&I#"(- I(-US&I"+ US$S, !+''- #'(&'+ $.

&)$S$ -"MS "(- $S$VI'S )"V$ $('M'US $#'+'/I#"+IM*"#&S.

%)$( " IV$ IS -"MM$-,V+U"+$ !$S) %"&$ "$ +'S&.

"!!$#& '( !IS)$S "(- "5U"&I# '/"(ISM %)$( &)$ IV$BS!+'% IS -IV$&$- &' #I&1 "(- #'* +"(-S &)'U/) -"MS.

&)$ %I+-+I!$ &)"& -$*$(-S '( %"&$ IS "+S' "-V$S$+1"!!$#&$-.


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#'(S$5U$(#$S -U$ &' &)$ -$*+$&I'( '! /'U(- %"&

-$*+$&I'( '! /'U(- %"&$ M$"(S &)$ %"&$ +$V$+ I(SI-$ &)$

$"&) /$& -$#$S$. SU!"#$ %"&$ -IMI(IS)$S.

+"(- SUSI-$(#$

"and su#sidenceis a gradual settling or sudden sin@ing of the $arth4ssurface o9ing to subsurface movement of earth materials.

S"+& I(&USI'(

Saltwater intrusionis a maCor concern commonly found in coastal arearound the 9orld. Saltwater intrusionis the induced Do9of seawaterinto fresh9ater aquifers primarily caused by ground9aterdevelopment near the coast.


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%"&$ #'(S$V"&I'( "(- M"("/$M$(&

"V'I- *'++U&I(/.

"V'I- $A#$SS '! -$&$/$(&S "(- S'"*.

-IS*'S$ '!! *'*$+1..

I(S&"++ #'(S$V"&I'( *"#&I#$S.

)"V$ /''- $5UI*M$(&

$US$.

$!!I#I$(& US$ '! %"&$.

%"&$ )"V"S&I(/ !' #'(S$V"&I'(.


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!+''-

" $oodis a general and temporary condition 9here t9o or more

acres of normally dry land or t9o or more properties areinundated by 9ater or mudDo9. Many conditions can result ina $oodE hurricanes, overtopped levees, outdated or cloggeddrainage systems and rapid accumulation of rainfall.

6!+''-I(/ "(- !+"S) !+''-I(/ "$ &)$ -$"-+I$S& '!("&U"+ -IS"S&$S.


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$!!$#&S '! !+''-

-"M"/$ &' UI+-I(/ "(- '&)$ #'(S&U#&I'(S.

)$"+&) $!!$#&S.


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!+''- M"("/$M$(&

!+''- !'#"S&I(/

Flood forecastin%is the use of real0time precipitation andstreamDo9 data in rainfall0runoF and streamDo9 routing modelsto forecastDo9 rates and 9ater levels for periods ranging froma fe9 hours to days ahead, depending on the si?e of the9atershed or river basin.


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-'U/)&

" drou%htis a period of belo90average precipitation in a givenregion, resulting in prolonged shortages its 9aters supply,9hether atmospheric, surface or ground 9ater. " drou%htcanlast for months or years.

!rou%ht is a period of drier&than&normal condition thatlaed to water&related pro#lems.


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-'U/)& #+"SSI!I#"&I'(

'ER(AET !ROUG)T.

SEASOA" !ROUG)T.

COT*GET !ROUG)T.

*+*S*,"E !ROUG)T.

*)1SI#"+ "S*$#&S "$ US$- &' #+"SSI!1 -'U/)&.&)$1 M"1 $ #+"SSI!I$- I(&&)$$ M"G' /'U*S.

(ETRO"OG*CA" !OUG)T.

(eteorolo%ical drou%htis deHned usually on the basis of the degree of dryness comparison to some normalJ or average amount3 and the duration of the dry perio

AGR*CU"TURA" !OUG)T.

A%ricultural drou%htrefers to circumstances 9hen soil moisture is insuKcient anresults in the lac@ of crop gro9th and production. It primarily concerns itself 9ith shoterm drou%htsituations.

)-!O"OG*CA" !ROUG)T.

It is a deHciency in surface and sub0surface 9ater supply.it is measured as stream Dand also as la@e, reservoirs and ground 9ater levels.


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CAUSE OF !ROUG)T

$"&I# $)"VI'US '! M'(S''(.

'V$0$A*+'I&"&I'( '! SU!"#$ "(- /'U(- %"&$.

&)$ "*I- -$*+$&I'( '! !'$S& #'V$.


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!A(S ,EEF*TS A! 'RO,"E(S

,EEF*TS

)-!ROE"ECTR*C 'OWER

*RR*GAT*O

WATER SU'"- F"OO! COTRO"

'RO,"E(S

E+*RO(ETA" R*S OF FA*"URE

!*S'"ACE(ET OF TR*,A" 'EO'"E

COST


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Water Rsources

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